华山花岗岩热力损伤特性及机理研究
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摘要
为研究花岗岩的热力损伤特性及机理,借助超声检测分析仪与钨灯丝扫描电镜,分析了不同温度作用后岩石纵波波速衰减规律、损伤演化模型及细观机理。结果表明:温度低于500℃时,花岗岩试样纵波波速随处理温度升高而缓慢降低,当温度接近573℃,纵波波速呈迅速下降状态,最终渐趋于稳定;随着加热温度的升高,岩样的超声波波幅锐减,"拍"的长度变短;花岗岩内部热损伤与所经历的温度之间符合logistic曲线模型;温度在20~500℃范围内,花岗岩试样中主要产生晶间裂纹,裂纹数量随温度升高而增加;加温至700℃时,岩样中产生晶内裂纹或穿晶裂纹,温度达到900℃时,岩样出现宏观分岔裂隙。
In order to study the characteristics and mechanism of thermal damage of the granite,the analyses of attenuation law of longitudinal wave,damage evolution model and the mesoscopic mechanism of rock under different temperatures are carried out by using the ultrasonic testing analyzer and tungsten-filament scanning electron microscope( SEM). The analysis results show that when the temperature is lower than 500 ℃,the longitudinal wave velocity of the granite sample slowly decreases with the increase of treatment temperature; and when the temperature is near 573 ℃,the wave velocity drops rapidly and is gradually tends to be stable at last. With the increase in heated temperature,the amplitude of wave declines,the length of "beat "becomes shorter and the relationships between the thermal damage and the heated temperatures well follow the logistic curve model. In the range of 20 ℃ to 500 ℃,the inter-granular crack predominates; and as the temperature rises to 700 ℃,the number of microcracks increases,and the intracrystalline and transgranular crack occur. When the treatment temperature reaches up to 900 ℃,the macroscopic branching fissure appears in the sample. The research results can provide a referrence for construction of rockmass engineering after higher temperature.
In order to study the characteristics and mechanism of thermal damage of the granite,the analyses of attenuation law of longitudinal wave,damage evolution model and the mesoscopic mechanism of rock under different temperatures are carried out by using the ultrasonic testing analyzer and tungsten-filament scanning electron microscope( SEM). The analysis results show that when the temperature is lower than 500 ℃,the longitudinal wave velocity of the granite sample slowly decreases with the increase of treatment temperature; and when the temperature is near 573 ℃,the wave velocity drops rapidly and is gradually tends to be stable at last. With the increase in heated temperature,the amplitude of wave declines,the length of "beat "becomes shorter and the relationships between the thermal damage and the heated temperatures well follow the logistic curve model. In the range of 20 ℃ to 500 ℃,the inter-granular crack predominates; and as the temperature rises to 700 ℃,the number of microcracks increases,and the intracrystalline and transgranular crack occur. When the treatment temperature reaches up to 900 ℃,the macroscopic branching fissure appears in the sample. The research results can provide a referrence for construction of rockmass engineering after higher temperature.
引文
[1]吴晓东,刘均荣,秦积瞬.热处理对岩石波速及孔渗的影响[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4):70-72,75.(WU Xiaodong,LIU Junrong,QIN Jishun.Effects of thermal treatment on wave velocity as well as porosity and permeability of rock[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2003,27(4):70-72,75.(in Chinese))
[2]LIU Shi,XU Jingyu.An experimental study on the physico-mechanical properties of two post-high-temperature rocks[J].Engineering Geology,2015,185(2):63-70.
[3]徐小丽,高峰,沈晓明,等.高温后花岗岩力学性质及微孔隙结构特征研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1752-1758.(XU Xiaoli,GAO Feng,SHEN Xiaoming,et al.Research on mechanical characteristics and micropore structure of granite under high-temperature[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1752-1758.(in Chinese))
[4]朱合华,闫治国,邓涛,等.3种岩石高温后力学性质的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):1945-1950.(ZHU Hehua,YAN Zhiguo,DENG Tao,et al.Testing study on mechanical properties of tuff,granite and breccia after high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):1945-1950.(in Chinese))
[5]刘洋,赵明阶.岩石声学参数与应力相关性研究综述[J].重庆交通学院学报,2006,25(3):54-58.(LIU Yang,ZHAO Mingjie.Research overview of the relation between ultrasonic parameters and stress on rock[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,2006,25(3):54-58.(in Chinese))
[6]左建平,谢和平,周宏伟,等.不同温度作用下砂岩热开裂的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1150-1155.(ZUO Jianping,XIE Heping,ZHOU Hongwei,et al.Experimental research on thermal cracking of sandstone under different temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1150-1155.(in Chinese))
[7]倪骁慧,李晓娟,朱珍德.不同温度循环作用后大理岩细观损伤特征的定量研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(2):248-254.(NI Xiaohui,LI Xiaojuan,ZHU Zhende.Quantitative test on meso-damage characteristics of marble after different temperature[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(2):248-254.(in Chinese))
[8]支乐鹏,许金余,刘军忠,等.花岗岩高温后的超声特性及力学性能研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(4):716-721.(ZHI Lepeng,XU Jinyu,LIU Junzhong,et al.Research on ultrasonic characteristics and mechanical properties of granite under post-high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(4):716-721.(in Chinese))
[9]ZHANG W,SUN Q,HAO S,et al.Experimental study on the variation of physical and mechanical properties of rock after high temperature treatment[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,98:1297-1304.(in Chinese))
[10]TISKATINE R,EDDEMANI A,GOURDO L,et al.Experimental evaluation of thermo-mechanical performances of candidate rocks use in temperature thermal storage[J].Applied Energy,2016,171:243-255.
[11]ZHU T,JING H,SU H,et al.Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing a single fissure after exposure to high temperatures[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2016,26(2):319-325.
[12]王鹏,许金余,刘石,等.热损伤砂岩力学与超声时频特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1897-1904.(WANG Peng,XU Jinyu,LIU Shi,et al.Mechanical properties and ultrasonic time-frequency characteristics of thermally damaged sandstone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1897-1904.(in Chinese))
[13]吴晓东,刘均荣,秦积瞬.热处理对岩石波速及孔渗的影响[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4):70-72,75.(WU Xiaodong,LIU Junrong,QIN Jishun.Effects of thermal treatment on wave velocity as well as porosity and permeability of rock[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2003,27(4):70-72,75.(in Chinese))
[14]李建林,陈星,党莉,等.高温后砂岩三轴卸荷实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1587-1595.(LI Jianlin,CHEN Xing,DANG Li,et al.The triaxial unloading experiment research of sandstone after high temperature[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1587-1595.(in Chinese))
[15]秦本东,何军,谌伦建.石灰岩和砂岩高温力学特性的实验研究[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(3):253-261.(QIN Bendong,HE Jun,CHEN Lunjian.Experimental research on mechanical properties of limestone and sandstone under high temperature[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(3):253-261.(in Chinese))
[16]刘石,许金余,刘志群,等.温度对岩石强度及损伤特性的影响研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(4):583-588.(LIU Shi,XU Jinyu,LIU Zhiqun,et al.Temperature effect on strength and damage property of rock mass[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2013,30(4):583-588.(in Chinese))
[17]席道瑛.花岗岩中矿物相变的物性特征[J].矿物学报,1994,14(3):223-227.(XI Daoying.Physical characteristics of mineral phase transformation in the granite[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,1994,14(3):223-227.(in Chinese))
[18]赵洪宝,谌伦建.石灰岩热膨胀特性实验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1725-1730.(ZHAO Hongbao,CHEN Lunjian.Limestone thermal expansion characteristics experimental study[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1725-1730.(in Chinese))
[19]王志亮,郑明新,吴勇,等.增加曲线模型在路基沉降预测中的应用研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(6):901-903,912.(WANG Zhiliang,ZHENG Mingxin,WU Yong,et al.Study on application of logistic curve model to settlement prediction of roadbed subjected to multilevel loadings[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(6):901-903,912.(in Chinese))
[20]杜守继,马明,陈浩华,等.花岗岩经历不同高温后纵波波速分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1803-1806.(DU Shouji,MA Ming,CHEN Haohua,et al.Testing study on longitudinal wave characteristics of granite after high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1803-1806.(in Chinese))
[21]何国梁,吴刚,黄醒春,等.砂岩高温前后超声特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(4):779-784.(HE Guoliang,WU Gang,HUANG Xingchun,et al.Experimental study on ultrasonic properties of sandstone before and after high temperature[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(4):779-784.(in Chinese))
[2]LIU Shi,XU Jingyu.An experimental study on the physico-mechanical properties of two post-high-temperature rocks[J].Engineering Geology,2015,185(2):63-70.
[3]徐小丽,高峰,沈晓明,等.高温后花岗岩力学性质及微孔隙结构特征研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1752-1758.(XU Xiaoli,GAO Feng,SHEN Xiaoming,et al.Research on mechanical characteristics and micropore structure of granite under high-temperature[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1752-1758.(in Chinese))
[4]朱合华,闫治国,邓涛,等.3种岩石高温后力学性质的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):1945-1950.(ZHU Hehua,YAN Zhiguo,DENG Tao,et al.Testing study on mechanical properties of tuff,granite and breccia after high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):1945-1950.(in Chinese))
[5]刘洋,赵明阶.岩石声学参数与应力相关性研究综述[J].重庆交通学院学报,2006,25(3):54-58.(LIU Yang,ZHAO Mingjie.Research overview of the relation between ultrasonic parameters and stress on rock[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,2006,25(3):54-58.(in Chinese))
[6]左建平,谢和平,周宏伟,等.不同温度作用下砂岩热开裂的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1150-1155.(ZUO Jianping,XIE Heping,ZHOU Hongwei,et al.Experimental research on thermal cracking of sandstone under different temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1150-1155.(in Chinese))
[7]倪骁慧,李晓娟,朱珍德.不同温度循环作用后大理岩细观损伤特征的定量研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(2):248-254.(NI Xiaohui,LI Xiaojuan,ZHU Zhende.Quantitative test on meso-damage characteristics of marble after different temperature[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(2):248-254.(in Chinese))
[8]支乐鹏,许金余,刘军忠,等.花岗岩高温后的超声特性及力学性能研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(4):716-721.(ZHI Lepeng,XU Jinyu,LIU Junzhong,et al.Research on ultrasonic characteristics and mechanical properties of granite under post-high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(4):716-721.(in Chinese))
[9]ZHANG W,SUN Q,HAO S,et al.Experimental study on the variation of physical and mechanical properties of rock after high temperature treatment[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,98:1297-1304.(in Chinese))
[10]TISKATINE R,EDDEMANI A,GOURDO L,et al.Experimental evaluation of thermo-mechanical performances of candidate rocks use in temperature thermal storage[J].Applied Energy,2016,171:243-255.
[11]ZHU T,JING H,SU H,et al.Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing a single fissure after exposure to high temperatures[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2016,26(2):319-325.
[12]王鹏,许金余,刘石,等.热损伤砂岩力学与超声时频特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1897-1904.(WANG Peng,XU Jinyu,LIU Shi,et al.Mechanical properties and ultrasonic time-frequency characteristics of thermally damaged sandstone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1897-1904.(in Chinese))
[13]吴晓东,刘均荣,秦积瞬.热处理对岩石波速及孔渗的影响[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4):70-72,75.(WU Xiaodong,LIU Junrong,QIN Jishun.Effects of thermal treatment on wave velocity as well as porosity and permeability of rock[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2003,27(4):70-72,75.(in Chinese))
[14]李建林,陈星,党莉,等.高温后砂岩三轴卸荷实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1587-1595.(LI Jianlin,CHEN Xing,DANG Li,et al.The triaxial unloading experiment research of sandstone after high temperature[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1587-1595.(in Chinese))
[15]秦本东,何军,谌伦建.石灰岩和砂岩高温力学特性的实验研究[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(3):253-261.(QIN Bendong,HE Jun,CHEN Lunjian.Experimental research on mechanical properties of limestone and sandstone under high temperature[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(3):253-261.(in Chinese))
[16]刘石,许金余,刘志群,等.温度对岩石强度及损伤特性的影响研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(4):583-588.(LIU Shi,XU Jinyu,LIU Zhiqun,et al.Temperature effect on strength and damage property of rock mass[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2013,30(4):583-588.(in Chinese))
[17]席道瑛.花岗岩中矿物相变的物性特征[J].矿物学报,1994,14(3):223-227.(XI Daoying.Physical characteristics of mineral phase transformation in the granite[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,1994,14(3):223-227.(in Chinese))
[18]赵洪宝,谌伦建.石灰岩热膨胀特性实验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1725-1730.(ZHAO Hongbao,CHEN Lunjian.Limestone thermal expansion characteristics experimental study[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1725-1730.(in Chinese))
[19]王志亮,郑明新,吴勇,等.增加曲线模型在路基沉降预测中的应用研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(6):901-903,912.(WANG Zhiliang,ZHENG Mingxin,WU Yong,et al.Study on application of logistic curve model to settlement prediction of roadbed subjected to multilevel loadings[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(6):901-903,912.(in Chinese))
[20]杜守继,马明,陈浩华,等.花岗岩经历不同高温后纵波波速分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1803-1806.(DU Shouji,MA Ming,CHEN Haohua,et al.Testing study on longitudinal wave characteristics of granite after high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1803-1806.(in Chinese))
[21]何国梁,吴刚,黄醒春,等.砂岩高温前后超声特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(4):779-784.(HE Guoliang,WU Gang,HUANG Xingchun,et al.Experimental study on ultrasonic properties of sandstone before and after high temperature[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(4):779-784.(in Chinese))