中国大陆及其周边地区应力场特征
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摘要
本文收集了1976—2018年发生在中国大陆及其周边地区(15°～55°N, 65°～125°E)的4303个地震震源机制解,分析了该区震源机制解和P、 T轴空间分布特征,并使用这些震源机制解,反演得到了中国大陆及周边地区二维构造应力场分布。应力场反演结果表明,云南大部、青藏高原大部以及华北华南大部以走滑型应力性质为主,印度洋板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞控制着中国西部地区,大量的逆断型地震集中分布在青藏高原周缘和西域活动地块的天山地区。青藏高原内部也存在正断型地震,且应力场方向在26°N发生了很大的变化。位于青藏高原东构造线以南的滇缅活动块体,最大主压应力σ_1方向在大致100°E发生突变,由以西的NNE方向偏转到NNW方向。中国东部的东北块体到华北块体再到华南块体,最大主压应力方向有一个从NE向逐渐转变成EW向再变化到NW向的旋转趋势。应力场总体结果表明,中国东部应力场主要受到太平洋板块和菲律宾板块对欧亚大陆俯冲的作用,中国西部主要受印度板块向北碰撞欧亚大陆的影响,块体内部相互作用、块体与断裂带相互作用也对应力场变化产生影响。
In this paper, focal mechanism solutions of 4303 earthquakes occurred in and around the mainland of China(15°～55°N, 65°～125°E) from 1976 to 2018 are collected, and the focal mechanism solutions and the spatial distribution characteristics of the P, T axis are analyzed. Using these focal mechanism solutions, we obtained a 2-D tectonic stress field distribution. The results of stress field inversion show that the strike-slip stress is dominant in most of Yunnan, most of the Tibet Plateau and most of North and South China. The strong collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate controls the western part of China. A large number of fault-type earthquakes are concentrated in the Tibet Plateau and the Tianshan area of active block in the western region. There are also normal fault type earthquakes in the Tibet Plateau interior, and the direction of the stress field changes greatly at 26°N. In the Yunnan-Myanmar active block located south of the eastern tectonic line of the Tibet Plateau, the direction of the maximum principal compressive stress changes from the direction of NNE to the direction of NNW. From the northeast block to the North China block and the South China block, the maximum principal compressive stress direction has a rotational tendency from NE to EW and NW.
In this paper, focal mechanism solutions of 4303 earthquakes occurred in and around the mainland of China(15°～55°N, 65°～125°E) from 1976 to 2018 are collected, and the focal mechanism solutions and the spatial distribution characteristics of the P, T axis are analyzed. Using these focal mechanism solutions, we obtained a 2-D tectonic stress field distribution. The results of stress field inversion show that the strike-slip stress is dominant in most of Yunnan, most of the Tibet Plateau and most of North and South China. The strong collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate controls the western part of China. A large number of fault-type earthquakes are concentrated in the Tibet Plateau and the Tianshan area of active block in the western region. There are also normal fault type earthquakes in the Tibet Plateau interior, and the direction of the stress field changes greatly at 26°N. In the Yunnan-Myanmar active block located south of the eastern tectonic line of the Tibet Plateau, the direction of the maximum principal compressive stress changes from the direction of NNE to the direction of NNW. From the northeast block to the North China block and the South China block, the maximum principal compressive stress direction has a rotational tendency from NE to EW and NW.
引文
[1]王强,虎雄林,朱荣欢.构造应力场研究综述[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(SI):122-129.
[2]Angelier J.Determination of the mean principal directions of stresses for a given fault population[J].Tectonophysics,1979,56,T17-T26.
[3]Michale A J.Determination of stress from slip data:Faults and folds[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89(B13),11 517-11 526.
[4]Michale A J.Use of focal mechanisms to determine stress:Acontrol study[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1987,92(B1),357-368.
[5]Hardebeck J L,Michael A J.Damped regional-scale stress inversions:Methodology and examples for southern California and the Coalinga aftershock sequence[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111(B11):B11310.
[6]阚荣举,张四昌,晏凤桐,等.我国西南地区现代构造应力场与现代构造活动特征的探讨[J].地球物理学报,1977,20(2):96-108.
[7]许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.由多个小震推断的青甘和川滇地区地壳应力场的方向特征[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(5):476-486.
[8]吴建平,明跃红,王春镛.云南地区中小地震震源机制解及构造应力场研究[J].地震学报,2004,26(5):457-465.
[9]崔效锋,谢富仁,张红艳.川滇地区现代构造应力场分区及动力学意义[J].地震学报,2006,28(5):451-461.
[10]钱晓东,秦家政,刘丽芳.云南地区现代构造应力场研究[J].地震地质,2011,33(1):91-106.
[11]许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.由大量的地震资料推断的我国大陆构造应力场[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(6):636-646.
[12]谢富仁,祝景忠,梁海庆,等.中国西南地区现代构造应力场基本特征[J].地震学报,1993,15(4):407-417.
[13]崔效锋,谢富仁,赵建涛.中国及邻区震源机制解的分区特征[J].地震地质,2005,27(2):298-307.
[14]徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):770-781.
[15]杜兴信,邵辉成.由震源机制解反演中国大陆现代构造应力场[J].地震学报,1999,21(4):354-360.
[16]沈正康,王敏,甘卫军,等.中国大陆现今构造应变率场及其动力学成因研究[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):93-100.
[17]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441.
[18]徐纪人,赵志新.中国岩石圈应力场与构造运动区域特征[J].中国地质,2006,33(4):782-792.
[19]张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学,D辑,2003,33(增刊):12-20.
[20]Xu Y,Robert B.Herrmann,Keith D.Koper.Source parameters of regional small-to-moderate earthquakes in the Yunnan-Sichuan region of Chiana[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Socity of A-merica,2010,100(5B):2 518-2 531.
[21]Luo J,Zhao C P,Zhou L Q,et al.Characteristics of focal mechanisms and stress field in the Southeasern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2016,173:2 687-2 710.
[22]高国英,聂晓红,龙海英.近期新疆震源机制解与地震活动特征研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(1):57-63.
[23]林向东,袁怀玉,徐平,等.华北地区地震震源机制解[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(12):4 589-4 622.
[24]沈娅宏,张建国,毛燕,等.小江断裂带及其周边地区构造应力场特征[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(3):308-314.
[25]Lund B,Townend J.Calculating horizontal stress orientations with full or partial knowledge of the tectonic stress Tensor[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,170(3):1 328-1 335.
[26]谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛,等.中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场分区[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):654-662.
[27]赵素涛,金振民,干微.中国东北深源地震机理[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京);北京大学),2012,19(5):300-311.
[28]唐方头.华北地块近期构造变形和强震活动特征研究[博士论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2003.
[29]徐纪人,赵志新.南北地震带南段地震构造运动特征[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(3):1 059-1 066.
[30]Wessel P,Smith W H F.New version of Generic Mapping Tools released.Eos Trans.AGU,1995,76:329.
[2]Angelier J.Determination of the mean principal directions of stresses for a given fault population[J].Tectonophysics,1979,56,T17-T26.
[3]Michale A J.Determination of stress from slip data:Faults and folds[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89(B13),11 517-11 526.
[4]Michale A J.Use of focal mechanisms to determine stress:Acontrol study[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1987,92(B1),357-368.
[5]Hardebeck J L,Michael A J.Damped regional-scale stress inversions:Methodology and examples for southern California and the Coalinga aftershock sequence[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111(B11):B11310.
[6]阚荣举,张四昌,晏凤桐,等.我国西南地区现代构造应力场与现代构造活动特征的探讨[J].地球物理学报,1977,20(2):96-108.
[7]许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.由多个小震推断的青甘和川滇地区地壳应力场的方向特征[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(5):476-486.
[8]吴建平,明跃红,王春镛.云南地区中小地震震源机制解及构造应力场研究[J].地震学报,2004,26(5):457-465.
[9]崔效锋,谢富仁,张红艳.川滇地区现代构造应力场分区及动力学意义[J].地震学报,2006,28(5):451-461.
[10]钱晓东,秦家政,刘丽芳.云南地区现代构造应力场研究[J].地震地质,2011,33(1):91-106.
[11]许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.由大量的地震资料推断的我国大陆构造应力场[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(6):636-646.
[12]谢富仁,祝景忠,梁海庆,等.中国西南地区现代构造应力场基本特征[J].地震学报,1993,15(4):407-417.
[13]崔效锋,谢富仁,赵建涛.中国及邻区震源机制解的分区特征[J].地震地质,2005,27(2):298-307.
[14]徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):770-781.
[15]杜兴信,邵辉成.由震源机制解反演中国大陆现代构造应力场[J].地震学报,1999,21(4):354-360.
[16]沈正康,王敏,甘卫军,等.中国大陆现今构造应变率场及其动力学成因研究[J].地学前缘,2003,10(特刊):93-100.
[17]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441.
[18]徐纪人,赵志新.中国岩石圈应力场与构造运动区域特征[J].中国地质,2006,33(4):782-792.
[19]张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学,D辑,2003,33(增刊):12-20.
[20]Xu Y,Robert B.Herrmann,Keith D.Koper.Source parameters of regional small-to-moderate earthquakes in the Yunnan-Sichuan region of Chiana[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Socity of A-merica,2010,100(5B):2 518-2 531.
[21]Luo J,Zhao C P,Zhou L Q,et al.Characteristics of focal mechanisms and stress field in the Southeasern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2016,173:2 687-2 710.
[22]高国英,聂晓红,龙海英.近期新疆震源机制解与地震活动特征研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(1):57-63.
[23]林向东,袁怀玉,徐平,等.华北地区地震震源机制解[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(12):4 589-4 622.
[24]沈娅宏,张建国,毛燕,等.小江断裂带及其周边地区构造应力场特征[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(3):308-314.
[25]Lund B,Townend J.Calculating horizontal stress orientations with full or partial knowledge of the tectonic stress Tensor[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,170(3):1 328-1 335.
[26]谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛,等.中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场分区[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):654-662.
[27]赵素涛,金振民,干微.中国东北深源地震机理[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京);北京大学),2012,19(5):300-311.
[28]唐方头.华北地块近期构造变形和强震活动特征研究[博士论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2003.
[29]徐纪人,赵志新.南北地震带南段地震构造运动特征[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(3):1 059-1 066.
[30]Wessel P,Smith W H F.New version of Generic Mapping Tools released.Eos Trans.AGU,1995,76:329.