大数据时代科研人员数据共享演化博弈研究:信任机制视角
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摘要
[目的/意义]大数据时代,全球科研数据爆炸式增长,科研人员亟须基于数据开放共享提高科研能力,而信任机制是影响科研人员数据共享的关键因素,因此在信任机制视角下通过演化博弈理论研究大数据时代科研人员数据共享行为具有重要的现实意义。[方法/过程]利用演化博弈的分析方法,分别建立无信任机制和有信任机制下科研人员数据共享的博弈模型,分析并比较了这两种情况下科研人员数据共享行为的动态演化机理,提出了"成本—数据—信任—政策"四位一体的驱动策略,并结合实例进行了"应用实践分析"。[结果/结论]研究表明,博弈双方在无信任机制情况下进行数据共享的演化稳定策略为(共享,共享)或(不共享,不共享),而在添加信任机制后,(共享,共享)为博弈双方唯一的演化稳定策略,由此为促进科研人员数据共享提出相关策略建议。
[Purpose/significance] In the age of big data,with the explosive growth of global scientific research data,researchers are in urgent need of enhancing their scientific research capabilities based on data open and sharing.As trust mechanism is the key factor affecting data sharing among researchers,it is of great practical significance to study the data sharing behavior of researchers in the era of big data through evolutionary game theory from the perspective of trust mechanism.[Method/process] Using the evolutionary game theory to establish the game models for data sharing of scientific researchers under no-trust mechanism and the trust mechanism respectively,this paper analyzes and compares the dynamic evolution mechanism in these two cases,puts forward the four-in-one driving strategy of "cost-data-trust-policy",and combines with an example to carry out "application and practice analysis".[Result/conclusion]The research shows that the evolutionarily stable strategy for data sharing between the two players in the case of no-trust mechanism is(sharing,sharing) or(not sharing,not sharing),but after adding the trust mechanism,(sharing,sharing) is the only evolutionarily stable strategy,which can provide relevant suggestions for promoting data sharing among researchers.
[Purpose/significance] In the age of big data,with the explosive growth of global scientific research data,researchers are in urgent need of enhancing their scientific research capabilities based on data open and sharing.As trust mechanism is the key factor affecting data sharing among researchers,it is of great practical significance to study the data sharing behavior of researchers in the era of big data through evolutionary game theory from the perspective of trust mechanism.[Method/process] Using the evolutionary game theory to establish the game models for data sharing of scientific researchers under no-trust mechanism and the trust mechanism respectively,this paper analyzes and compares the dynamic evolution mechanism in these two cases,puts forward the four-in-one driving strategy of "cost-data-trust-policy",and combines with an example to carry out "application and practice analysis".[Result/conclusion]The research shows that the evolutionarily stable strategy for data sharing between the two players in the case of no-trust mechanism is(sharing,sharing) or(not sharing,not sharing),but after adding the trust mechanism,(sharing,sharing) is the only evolutionarily stable strategy,which can provide relevant suggestions for promoting data sharing among researchers.
引文
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[2] 刘荣辉.大数据架构技术与实例分析[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2017:1-3.
[3] 马海群,蒲攀.国内外开放数据政策研究现状分析及我国研究动向研判[J].中国图书馆学报,2015,41(5):76-86.
[4] 庄倩,何琳.数据共享中科研人员共享行为的演化博弈分析[J].情报杂志,2015(8):152-157.
[5] 黄如花,邱春艳.国外科学数据共享研究综述[J].情报资料工作,2013(4):25-31.
[6] ZHANG J,LV J,TIAN Y.Review of factors influencing the data sharing behaviors at abroad[J].Library & Information Service,2014.
[7] KIM Y,ADLER M.Social scientists’ data sharing behaviors:Investigating the roles of individual motivations,institutional pressures,and data repositories [J].International Journal of Information Management,2015,35(4):408-418.
[8] KIM Y,STANTON J M.Institutional and individual factors affecting scientists’ data-sharing behaviors:a multilevel analysis [M].John Wiley & Sons,Inc,2016.
[9] 张静蓓,吕俊生,田野.国外数据共享行为影响因素研究综述[J].图书情报工作,2014,58(4):136-142.
[10] 张晋朝.高校科研人员科学数据获取意愿研究[J].情报杂志,2013,32(6):70-75.
[11] 陈欣,叶凤云,汪传雷.基于扎根理论的社会数据共享驱动因素研究[J].情报理论与实践,2016,39(12):91-98.
[12] 孙晓燕.科学数据共享行为的理论模型构建及测度实证研究[J].情报学报,2016,35(10):1062-1071.
[13] DONG X,LI R,HE H,et al.Secure sensitive data sharing on a big data platform [J].Tsinghua Science and Technology,2015,20(1):72-80.
[14] MING Z,QINGSONG X U,SHEN X.Data exchange and sharing platform model based on XML[J].Journal of Tsinghua University,2003.
[15] ZHU Y,LIU R,MIN F,et al.Research on earth system scientific data sharing platform based on SOA[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2009,11(1):77-83.
[16] WANG Q.Review on open sharing of scientific data based on bibliometrics(2002-2013)[J].Journal of Tianjin Radio & Television University,2014.
[17] 姜鑫.科学数据开放政策研究现状分析及未来研究动向评判[J].现代情报,2016,36(2):167-170.
[18] 李亚京,马海群.基于文献计量的我国科学数据研究综述[J].图书馆研究与工作,2017(12):46-51.
[19] ALI B,MAHESWARAN M.A game theoretic analysis of blacklisting in online data storage systems[C]//Global Telecommunications Conference,2009.GLOBECOM.IEEE,2009:1-7.
[20] KAMHOUA C A,KWIAT K A,PARK J S.A game theoretic approach for modeling optimal data sharing on Online Social Networks[C]//International Conference on Electrical Engineering,Computing Science and Automatic Control.IEEE,2013:1-6.
[21] PRONK T E,WIERSMA P H,WEERDEN A V.A research data sharing game[J].Peer J,2014.
[22] 高峰,王剑.基于合作博弈的农业科学数据平台共享管理机制研究[J].技术与创新管理,2013,34(5):457-460.
[23] 左建安,陈雅.基于大数据环境的科学数据共享模式研究[J].情报杂志,2013(12):151-154.
[24] 朝乐门.数据科学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2016:4-21.
[25] 李佳,王宏起,李玥,等.大数据时代区域创新服务平台间科技资源共享行为的演化博弈研究[J].情报科学,2018,36(1):38-44.
[26] 冀鸿,霍明奎.高校教师团队知识共享的演化博弈分析[J].情报科学,2013(5):142-146.
[27] FRIEDMAN D.Evolutionary games in economics[J].Econometrica,1991,59(3):637-666.
[28] 赵付春.大数据环境下用户隐私保护和信任构建[J].探索与争鸣,2017,1(12):97-100.
[29] 陈姣,马君.信任的博弈论分析[J].华东经济管理,2005,19(4):81-85.
[30] JOHNSON N D,MISLIN AA.Trust games:a meta-analysis[J].Journal of Economic Psychology,2011,32(5):865-889.
[31] NOORDERHAVEN N G.Opportunism and trust in transaction cost economics [M]//Transaction Cost Economics and Beyond.Springer Netherlands,1996:105-128.
[32] 美国EMC教育服务团队.数据科学与大数据分析[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2016:17-19.
[33] 李晓波.科学数据共享关键技术[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:11-12.
[34] 严炜炜,张敏.科研协同中的数据共享与利用行为模式分析[J].情报理论与实践,2018(1):55-60.
[35] 刁丽琳.合作创新中知识窃取和保护的演化博弈研究[J].科学学研究,2012(5):721-728.
[36] 顾立平.科学数据开放获取的政策研究[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2016:124-134.
[37] GAULTON A,BELLIS L J,BENTO A P,et al.ChEMBL:a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2012,40:1100-1107.
[38] GOWER A C,SPIRA A,LENBURG M E.Discovering biological connections between experimental conditions based on common patterns of differential gene expression[J].BMC Bioinformatics,2011,12:381.