曝气滴灌对不同容重下土壤水分入渗及通气性的影响
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摘要
曝气滴灌通过滴灌系统将水气两相流输送到作物根部,能够有效减缓作物根系的缺氧状况.为了明确曝气滴灌对不同容重下土壤水分入渗和通气性的影响,实验设置了1.3,1.35和1.4 g/cm~3 3个土壤容重以及曝气滴灌和常规滴灌2个增氧水平,系统研究了不同土壤容重和增氧水平对土壤湿润体含水率(θv)、溶解氧(DO)、氧气扩散速率(ODR)和土壤氧化还原电位(Eh)的影响.结果表明:曝气滴灌可以加速湿润体扩散,改善土壤通气性.与γ_1C相比,γ_1A在灌溉12 h后的土壤DO,ODR,Eh分别提高了7.85%,38.0%和22.8%(P<0.05).容重降低同样会改变土壤物理性质,改善土壤通气性.与γ_3C相比,γ_1C在滴灌开始12 h以后的土壤DO,ODR,Eh分别提高了3.5%,21.0%和9.5%(P<0.05).
Aerated drip irrigation can effectively alleviate the hypoxia of crop rhizosphere by transferring water-air two-phase flow to crop root through drip irrigation system.In order to clarify the effects of aerated drip irrigation on soil water infiltration and aeration under different bulk densities,three soil bulk densities(1.3,1.35 and 1.4 g/cm3) and two oxygen enrichment levels of aerated drip irrigation and conventional drip irrigation were set up.The effects of different soil bulk densities and oxygen enrichment levels on soil moisture content(θv),dissolved oxygen(DO),oxygen diffusion rate(ODR) and soil redox potential(Eh) were systematically studied.The results showed that drip irrigation with aeration could change the physical properties of the soil and improve soil aeration.Compared with γ_1C,soil DO,ODR and Eh of γ_1A increased by 7.85%,38.0% and 22.8% respectively after 12 hours of irrigation(P<0.05).Lower bulk density also accelerates wetting body diffusion and improves soil aeration.Compared with γ_3C,DO,ODR,Eh of γ_1C in soil solution increased by 3.5%,21.0% and 9.5% respectively after 12 hours of drip irrigation(P<0.05).
Aerated drip irrigation can effectively alleviate the hypoxia of crop rhizosphere by transferring water-air two-phase flow to crop root through drip irrigation system.In order to clarify the effects of aerated drip irrigation on soil water infiltration and aeration under different bulk densities,three soil bulk densities(1.3,1.35 and 1.4 g/cm3) and two oxygen enrichment levels of aerated drip irrigation and conventional drip irrigation were set up.The effects of different soil bulk densities and oxygen enrichment levels on soil moisture content(θv),dissolved oxygen(DO),oxygen diffusion rate(ODR) and soil redox potential(Eh) were systematically studied.The results showed that drip irrigation with aeration could change the physical properties of the soil and improve soil aeration.Compared with γ_1C,soil DO,ODR and Eh of γ_1A increased by 7.85%,38.0% and 22.8% respectively after 12 hours of irrigation(P<0.05).Lower bulk density also accelerates wetting body diffusion and improves soil aeration.Compared with γ_3C,DO,ODR,Eh of γ_1C in soil solution increased by 3.5%,21.0% and 9.5% respectively after 12 hours of drip irrigation(P<0.05).
引文
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[13] 臧明,雷宏军,潘红卫,等.增氧地下滴灌改善土壤通气性促进番茄生长[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(23):117-126.
[14] ORCHARD V A,COOK F J.Relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1983,15(4):1034-1038.
[15] KIRKHAM M B.Principles of soil and plant water relations[M].Burlington:Elsevier Academic Press,2005:5-13.
[16] UNGER I M,MOTAVALLI P P,MUZIKA R M.Changes in soil chemical properties with flooding:A field laboratory approach[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2009,131(1):105-110.
[17] BHATTARAI S P,PENDERGAST L,MIDMORE D J.Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2006,108(3):278-288.
[2] PENDERGAST L,BHATTARAI S P,MIDMORE D J.Benefits of oxygation of subsurface drip-irrigation water for cotton in a vertosol[J].Crop and Pasture Science,2014,64(12):1171-1181.
[3] BHATTARAI S P,SU N,MIDMORE D J.Oxygation unlocks yield potentials of crops in oxyge limimited soil environments[J].Advances in Agronomy,2005(88):313-377.
[4] NIU W Q,JIA Z X,ZHANG X,et al.Effects of soil rhizosphere aeration on the root growth and water absorption of tomato[J].Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica,2012,40(12):1364-1371.
[5] VARTAPETIAN B B,JACKSON M B.Plant adaptations to anaerobic stress[J].Annals of Botany,1997,79(suppl.A):3-20.
[6] SOJKA R E,LEHRSCH G A,KOSTKA S J,et al.Soil water measurements relevant to agronomic and environmental functions of chemically treated soil[J].Journal of ASTM International,2009,6(1):1-19.
[7] ATKIN O K,EDWARDS E J,LOVERYS B R.Response of root respiration to changes in temperature and its relevance to global warming[J].New Phytologist,2000,147(1):141-154.
[8] 贾丙瑞,周广胜,王风玉,等.土壤微生物与根系呼吸作用影响因子分析[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(8):1547-1552.
[9] FENG G,WU L,LETEY J.Evaluating aeration criteria by simultaneous measurement of oxygen diffusion rate and soil-water regime[J].Soil Science,2002,167(8):495-503.
[10] 张振华,雷宏军.一种水肥气高效耦合灌溉供水系统及灌溉方法:CN103314696A[P].2013-09-25.
[11] 雷宏军,臧明,张振华,等.循环曝气压力与活性剂浓度对滴灌带水气传输的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):63-69.
[12] 赵勇钢,赵世伟,曹丽花,等.半干旱典型草原区退耕地土壤结构特征及其对入渗的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(6):14-20.
[13] 臧明,雷宏军,潘红卫,等.增氧地下滴灌改善土壤通气性促进番茄生长[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(23):117-126.
[14] ORCHARD V A,COOK F J.Relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1983,15(4):1034-1038.
[15] KIRKHAM M B.Principles of soil and plant water relations[M].Burlington:Elsevier Academic Press,2005:5-13.
[16] UNGER I M,MOTAVALLI P P,MUZIKA R M.Changes in soil chemical properties with flooding:A field laboratory approach[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2009,131(1):105-110.
[17] BHATTARAI S P,PENDERGAST L,MIDMORE D J.Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2006,108(3):278-288.
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