护士压力、社会支持、心理健康的调查报告
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摘要
目的:调查综合医院临床护士心理压力、社会支持和心理健康水平现状,分析其影响因素以及三者关系。方法:采用随机抽样法,对415名临床护士进行问卷调查。其中,基本人口学特征间心理压力、社会支持和心理健康水平的比较采用两独立样本的t检验或单因素方差分析,上述三者关系分析采用Pearson相关分析,社会支持的中介效应采用分层线性回归分析。结果:知觉压力量表平均得分(39.67±6.925)分;社会支持评定量表平均得分(35.27±7.910)分;一般健康问卷平均得分(10.99±4.859)分;知觉压力得分在夜班/非夜班(t=-2.20,P<0.05)、职称(χ~2=4.56,P<0.05)的分布上存在显著差异;社会支持得分在婚姻状况(t=-8.39,P<0.01)、年龄(χ~2=7.13,P<0.01)、工龄(χ~2=12.43,P<0.01)的分布上存在显著差异;心理健康得分在夜班/非夜班(t=4.08,P<0.01)、学历(χ~2=6.26,P<0.01)、医院级别(χ~2=14.75,P<0.01)的分布上存在显著差异;社会支持、心理压力、心理健康间存在两两相关关系(r12=0.145,r23=0.129,r13=-0.137;P<0.01);社会支持在后两者之间存在部分中介效应,中介效应占总效应百分比为17.77%。结论:社会支持是心理压力与心理健康的中介因素。
Objective:To investigate and describe the prevalence of the clinical nurses' stress,social support and mental health,and to analysis the influencing factors,and to explore the effect of social support on the relationship between the other two variables.Methods:Questionnaire investigation was conducted in 415 clinical nurses through random sampling.T-test or one—way ANOVA was used to analyze difference of stress,social support and mental health in the demographic characteristics.Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to explore effects of social support in stress and mental health.Results:The CPSS average score was(39.67 ± 6.925),the SSRS average score was(35.27±7.910),and the CHQ average score was(10.99 ± 4.859).For perceived stress,there were significant differences in night shift(t= 4.08,P<0.01) and professional title(χ~2=4.56,P<0.05).For social support,there were significant differences in marital status(t=-8.39,P<0.01),age(χ~2 =7.13,P<0.01)and years of employed(χ~2 =12.43,P<0.01).For mental health,there were significant differences in night shift(t = 4.08,P<0.01),education(χ~2= 6.26,P<0.01) and hospital degree(χ~2 = 14.75,P<0.01).The clinical nurses' stress,social support and mental health had significant interrelated relationships between each other(rl2 = 0.145,r23 = 0.129,r13 =-0.137,P<0.01)and social support was intermediate variable between stress and mental health,and the mediating effect made up 17.77%of the total effect.Conclusion:Social support is intermediate variable between stress and mental health.
Objective:To investigate and describe the prevalence of the clinical nurses' stress,social support and mental health,and to analysis the influencing factors,and to explore the effect of social support on the relationship between the other two variables.Methods:Questionnaire investigation was conducted in 415 clinical nurses through random sampling.T-test or one—way ANOVA was used to analyze difference of stress,social support and mental health in the demographic characteristics.Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to explore effects of social support in stress and mental health.Results:The CPSS average score was(39.67 ± 6.925),the SSRS average score was(35.27±7.910),and the CHQ average score was(10.99 ± 4.859).For perceived stress,there were significant differences in night shift(t= 4.08,P<0.01) and professional title(χ~2=4.56,P<0.05).For social support,there were significant differences in marital status(t=-8.39,P<0.01),age(χ~2 =7.13,P<0.01)and years of employed(χ~2 =12.43,P<0.01).For mental health,there were significant differences in night shift(t = 4.08,P<0.01),education(χ~2= 6.26,P<0.01) and hospital degree(χ~2 = 14.75,P<0.01).The clinical nurses' stress,social support and mental health had significant interrelated relationships between each other(rl2 = 0.145,r23 = 0.129,r13 =-0.137,P<0.01)and social support was intermediate variable between stress and mental health,and the mediating effect made up 17.77%of the total effect.Conclusion:Social support is intermediate variable between stress and mental health.
引文
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[12]韩立丽.东营市县乡两级医疗机构护士社会支持情况及影响因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2010
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[14]干雪琴,杨红英.精神专科和综合医院内科夜班护士睡眠质量与心理状况调查[J].护理学报,2010,16(21):72-74
[15]侯珺.山东省十七地市卫生资源配置公平性分析与预测[D].济南:山东大学,2013
[16]程俊,张玉山,张丽影,卢少荣.不同级别综合性医院医患关系现状调查与分析[J].中国医学伦理学,2010,23(3):20-21+83
[17]许崇涛.社会支持、人格在生活事件-心理健康关系中的作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1997,5(2):91-94
[18]闻吾森,王义强,赵国秋,等.社会支持、心理控制感和心理健康的关系研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14(4):258-262
[19]丁宇,肖凌,郭文斌,等.社会支持在生活事件-心理健康关系中的作用模型研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2005,13(3):161-164
[20]姜松梅,傅安洲,张勤.应对方式、社会支持在研究生心理压力与心理健康中的影响研究[J].扬州大学学报(高教研究版),2011,15(1):80-84
[21]李伟,陶沙.大学生的压力感与抑郁、焦虑的关系:社会支持的作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2003,11(2):108-110
[22]刘玉新,张建卫,金盛华.社会支持与人格对大学生压力的影响[J].心理学报,2005,37(1):92-99
[23]全宏艳,叶茂林,何资桥,等.领悟社会支持在人格与心理健康之间的调节作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2007,15(6):598-600
[24]贝志红,江乙,陈杏芝,等.综合医院护士的心理健康状况与社会支持的相关性研究[J].齐鲁护理杂志,2009,15(17):24-25
[25]贾峥,秦洁.应用同事支持系统改善急诊护士心理状况的效果评价[J].中国护理管理,2013,13(1):110-111
[2]唐莹,张静平,余小波.护士心身健康状况的研究进展[J].现代护理,2005,11(4):270-273
[3]陈惠,沈波,陈秀英.我国临床护士心理状况的Meta分析[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2010,16(4):75-76
[4]张平,陈蕾,宋旭红,邓晶晶.SCL-90评估中国内地31249名护士心理健康状况的Meta分析及常模确定[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(3):297-300
[5]汪向东,姜长青,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版)[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,2011:127-131
[6]胡艳娜,李青,张景屹.护士压力及社会支持研究进展[J].现代临床护理,2008,7(8):72-74
[7]杨廷忠,黄汉腾.社会转型中城市居民心理压力的流行病学研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2003,24(9):760-764
[8]王文强,丁丽君,廖震华,等.12项一般健康问卷中不同计分方法的最佳切分值及筛选特点[J].中华精神科杂志,2012,45(6):349-353
[9]Montazeri A,Harirchi A M,Shariati M,et al.The 12-item General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12):Translation and validation study of the Iranian version[J].Health Qual Life Out,2003(1):66-70
[10]彭爱霞,陈一芬.中初级职称护士压力源调查分析及对策[J].全科护理,2010,8(1):68-69
[11]胡梦梦,皮红英.不同职称护理人员工作压力与工作满意度相关性调查[J].解放军医学院学报,2014,25(3):286-288
[12]韩立丽.东营市县乡两级医疗机构护士社会支持情况及影响因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2010
[13]Orton DI,Gruzelier J H.Adverse changes in mood and cognitive performance of house officers after a night on duty[J].British Medical Journal,1989,298:21-23
[14]干雪琴,杨红英.精神专科和综合医院内科夜班护士睡眠质量与心理状况调查[J].护理学报,2010,16(21):72-74
[15]侯珺.山东省十七地市卫生资源配置公平性分析与预测[D].济南:山东大学,2013
[16]程俊,张玉山,张丽影,卢少荣.不同级别综合性医院医患关系现状调查与分析[J].中国医学伦理学,2010,23(3):20-21+83
[17]许崇涛.社会支持、人格在生活事件-心理健康关系中的作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,1997,5(2):91-94
[18]闻吾森,王义强,赵国秋,等.社会支持、心理控制感和心理健康的关系研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14(4):258-262
[19]丁宇,肖凌,郭文斌,等.社会支持在生活事件-心理健康关系中的作用模型研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2005,13(3):161-164
[20]姜松梅,傅安洲,张勤.应对方式、社会支持在研究生心理压力与心理健康中的影响研究[J].扬州大学学报(高教研究版),2011,15(1):80-84
[21]李伟,陶沙.大学生的压力感与抑郁、焦虑的关系:社会支持的作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2003,11(2):108-110
[22]刘玉新,张建卫,金盛华.社会支持与人格对大学生压力的影响[J].心理学报,2005,37(1):92-99
[23]全宏艳,叶茂林,何资桥,等.领悟社会支持在人格与心理健康之间的调节作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2007,15(6):598-600
[24]贝志红,江乙,陈杏芝,等.综合医院护士的心理健康状况与社会支持的相关性研究[J].齐鲁护理杂志,2009,15(17):24-25
[25]贾峥,秦洁.应用同事支持系统改善急诊护士心理状况的效果评价[J].中国护理管理,2013,13(1):110-111