不同种植模式、密度与留果穗数对日光温室番茄生长特性、产量及品质影响
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摘要
【目的】本文探究了不同种植模式、密度和留果穗数对番茄植株生长及产量和品质的影响。【方法】以番茄"粉宴1号"为试材,设置2个种植模式(A1:双行种植,A2:单行种植),3个密度水平(B1:30 000株/hm~2;B2:40 500株/hm~2;B3:54 000株/hm~2),2个留果穗数水平(K1:3穗果打顶;K2:4穗果打顶),共12个处理。【结果】相同种植模式下,植株株高随着种植密度与留果穗数增加呈增长趋势;茎粗、叶面积的变化呈减小趋势;叶绿素含量显著增大;叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率及光合速率含量均呈先增后降的趋势。番茄果实中果形指数无显著性差异,但种植模式和密度相同条件下,随着留果穗数增大,可溶性糖、有机酸、可溶性固形物、Vc、糖酸比呈不同趋势变化;色泽参数中的色度角、色泽比等参数能反应番茄果实发育过程中色泽的变化;相同种植模式下,不同栽培密度与留果穗数对番茄产量、平均单果质量、小区平均产量的影响均有显著差异。【结论】适合日光温室番茄生产的适宜种植模式为A1双行种植、栽培密度为B2 40 500株/hm~2、留果穗数为K2留4穗果。
【Objective】This paper aimed to seek the effect of different planting patterns, densities and the remaining fruit clusters on the growth, yield and quality of tomato. 【Method】Taking ‘Fenyan 1' tomato as tested material, the experiments were designed with twelve treatments, including two pattern levels(2 rows for A1 planting; 1 rows for A2 planting), three density levels(B1 planting density of 30 000 plants per hm~2; B2 planting density of 40 500 plants per hm~2; B3 planting density of 54 000 plants per hm~2;)and two remaining fruit clusters(K1 with 3 fruit clusters; K2 with 4 fruit clusters). 【Result】With the increasing of density and fruit cluster levels, the amplification of plant height was quick trend, the changes of plant stem diameter and leaf area were slow trend, the content of chlorophyll increased significantly, and the leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and photosynthetic all increased then fall. The fruit shape index displayed no significant difference in tomato fruit, however, under the same planting pattern and density, the soluble sugar, organic acids, soluble solids, Vc, and sugar-acid ratio showed different trends with the increase in the remaining fruit clusters. The parameters such as chromaticity angle and color ratio in the luster parameters can reflect the change of color during the development of tomato fruit. Under the same planting pattern, the effects of different planting densities and the remaining fruit cluster on tomato yield, the average weight of single fruit and average yield of plot were all significantly different. 【Conclusion】When the suitable production pattern and density for remaining fruit cluster in greenhouse was(2 rows for A1 planting; B2 planting density of 40 500 plants per hm~2; K2 with 4 fruit clusters), the yield was the highest and 95047.2 kg/hm~2.
【Objective】This paper aimed to seek the effect of different planting patterns, densities and the remaining fruit clusters on the growth, yield and quality of tomato. 【Method】Taking ‘Fenyan 1' tomato as tested material, the experiments were designed with twelve treatments, including two pattern levels(2 rows for A1 planting; 1 rows for A2 planting), three density levels(B1 planting density of 30 000 plants per hm~2; B2 planting density of 40 500 plants per hm~2; B3 planting density of 54 000 plants per hm~2;)and two remaining fruit clusters(K1 with 3 fruit clusters; K2 with 4 fruit clusters). 【Result】With the increasing of density and fruit cluster levels, the amplification of plant height was quick trend, the changes of plant stem diameter and leaf area were slow trend, the content of chlorophyll increased significantly, and the leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and photosynthetic all increased then fall. The fruit shape index displayed no significant difference in tomato fruit, however, under the same planting pattern and density, the soluble sugar, organic acids, soluble solids, Vc, and sugar-acid ratio showed different trends with the increase in the remaining fruit clusters. The parameters such as chromaticity angle and color ratio in the luster parameters can reflect the change of color during the development of tomato fruit. Under the same planting pattern, the effects of different planting densities and the remaining fruit cluster on tomato yield, the average weight of single fruit and average yield of plot were all significantly different. 【Conclusion】When the suitable production pattern and density for remaining fruit cluster in greenhouse was(2 rows for A1 planting; B2 planting density of 40 500 plants per hm~2; K2 with 4 fruit clusters), the yield was the highest and 95047.2 kg/hm~2.
引文
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[14]叶林,张光弟,李建设,等.密植矮化对日光温室秋茬番茄生长及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(2):162-164.
[16]姚建刚,张贺,许向阳,等.番茄果实成熟过程中色泽变化的研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2010,1(8):1-6.
[17]李平平,邵玉玲,张发年,等.基于统计分析猕猴桃外观指标分级方法的研究[J].农机化研究,2014(4):167-170.
[2]杨丽丽,王一鸣,康孟珍,等.不同种植密度番茄生长行为的结构功能模型模拟[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(10):156-160.
[3]姜克伟.日光温室不同部位番茄的生育特性及适宜密度研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2007.
[4]王强,王浩,闫鹏,等.不同密度和果穗数对日光温室番茄冠层光合及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(15):84-87.
[5]李文甲,李建设,高艳明,等.宁夏日光温室番茄高密度早熟栽培研究[J].北方园艺,2010(2):62-64.
[6]徐进,齐艳花朵,李红岭,等.不同栽培密度与留果穗数对秋大鹏番茄生长发育及产量的影响[J].北京农业,2009(12):14-19.
[7]周怀兵,蒋芳玲.定值密度和单株留果穗数对春季大棚大果型番茄植株生长及产量和品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2013,29(3):626-632.
[8]吴远藩.量叶片的长和宽计算番茄叶面积[J].农业科技通讯,1980(12):21-22.
[9]王敏,李建设,高艳明.限根栽培对日冠温室樱桃番茄植株生长和产量品质的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(10):99.
[10]汪琳,应铁进.番茄果实采后贮藏的颜色动力学研究[J].食品科技,2000(5):49-51.
[11]Brashlyanova B,Ganeva D.Texture quality of tomatoes as affected by different storage temperatures and growth habit[J].Emirates Journal of Food & Agriculture,2014,23(1):750.
[12]何子顺,任红,张峰,等.库尔勒香梨的商品性状分析[J].北方园艺,2012(17):36-38.
[13]Caldwell M M,Teramura A H,Bornman J F,et al.Effects of Increased Solar Ultraviolet Radiation on Terrestrial Plants[J].Ambio,1995,24(3):166-173.
[14]叶林,张光弟,李建设,等.密植矮化对日光温室秋茬番茄生长及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(2):162-164.
[16]姚建刚,张贺,许向阳,等.番茄果实成熟过程中色泽变化的研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2010,1(8):1-6.
[17]李平平,邵玉玲,张发年,等.基于统计分析猕猴桃外观指标分级方法的研究[J].农机化研究,2014(4):167-170.