基于多旋翼无人机倾斜摄影测量的沙丘三维形态研究
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摘要
无人机倾斜摄影技术是近年来发展起来的新型测量方法,具有高效率、高精度、非接触、大范围等优点。本研究采用多旋翼无人机,结合精确测定的地面控制点,实现了对新月形沙丘群三维形态的精确测量。结果表明:无人机倾斜摄影测量的均方根误差小于18 mm,可以满足大比例尺地形测量的要求。利用该技术获取的多种测量参数表明,新月形沙丘二维与三维形态之间存在良好的相关性,基于这些关系,可以实现二维遥感影像量测结果向沙丘高度、沙丘体积等三维参数的转换。沙丘剖面形态可以采用非线性函数精确描述,为沙丘形态精确建模提供了参考。无人机倾斜摄影技术获取的沙丘三维形态参数,对于深入认识沙丘形态动力过程具有重要参考价值。
Oblique photogrammetry based on UAV is a newly developed technique in recent years and it is a measurement means with high efficiency and precision,non-disturb,wide ranging. In this study,the 3-D morphological features of barchan dunes were measured by means of a multi-rotor UAV with accurate ground control points. The results indicate that the root mean square error is less than 18 mm which meets the criterion of large scale terrain measurement. The results measured by UAV show that there is a good relationship between 2 D and 3 D parameters of barchan dunes,and it is possible to calculate the 3 D parameters based on 2 D measurements according to such relations.Meanwhile,the profiles of barchan dunes can be accurately described with a non-linear function and thus our results provide some useful references for numerical dune models. Finally,the results showed in this study demonstrate that the 3 D parameters measured by means of oblique photogrammetry can improve our understandings of morphodynamic processes of dunes significantly.
Oblique photogrammetry based on UAV is a newly developed technique in recent years and it is a measurement means with high efficiency and precision,non-disturb,wide ranging. In this study,the 3-D morphological features of barchan dunes were measured by means of a multi-rotor UAV with accurate ground control points. The results indicate that the root mean square error is less than 18 mm which meets the criterion of large scale terrain measurement. The results measured by UAV show that there is a good relationship between 2 D and 3 D parameters of barchan dunes,and it is possible to calculate the 3 D parameters based on 2 D measurements according to such relations.Meanwhile,the profiles of barchan dunes can be accurately described with a non-linear function and thus our results provide some useful references for numerical dune models. Finally,the results showed in this study demonstrate that the 3 D parameters measured by means of oblique photogrammetry can improve our understandings of morphodynamic processes of dunes significantly.
引文
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[28] Wang Z,Tao S,Xie Y,et al.Barchans of Minqin:morphometry[J].Geomorphology,2007,89:405-411.
[29] Yizhaq H,Isenberg O,Wenkart R,et al.Morphology and dynamics of aeolian mega-ripples in Nahal Kasuy,southern Israel[J].Israel Journal of Earth Sciences,2009,57:149-165.
[30] Nield J M,Wiggs G F S,Squirrell R S.Aeolian sand strip mobility and protodune development on a drying beach:examining surface moisture and surface roughness patterns measured by terrestrial laser scanning[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2011,36(4):513-522.
[31] Elbelrhiti H.Initiation and early development of barchan dunes:A case study of the M oroccan Atlantic Sahara desert[J]. Geomorphology,2012,138:181-188.
[32] Bogle R,Redsteer M H,Vogel J.Field measurement and analysis of climatic factors affecting dune mobility near Grand Falls on the Navajo Nation,southw estern United States[J]. Geomorphology,2015,228:41-51.
[33] Baddock M C,Nield J M,Wiggs G F S.Early-stage aeolian protodunes:Bedform development and sand transport dynamics[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2018,43(1):339-346.
[34] Hugenholtz C H,Whitehead K,Brown O W,et al.Geomorphological mapping w ith a small unmanned aircraft system(s UAS):feature detection and accuracy assessment of a photogrammetrically-derived digital terrain model[J]. Geomorphology,2013,194:16-24.
[35]李德仁,刘立坤,邵振峰.集成倾斜航空摄影测量和地面移动测量技术的城市环境监测[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2015(4):427-435.
[36]万剑华,王朝,刘善伟,等.消费级无人机的大比例尺测图能力分析[J].测绘通报,2018(6):104-108.
[37] Solazzo D,Sankey J B,Sankey T T,et al.Mapping and measuring aeolian sand dunes w ith photogrammetry and LiDAR from unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)and multispectral satellite imagery on the Paria Plateau,AZ,USA[J].Geomorphology,2018,319:174-185.
[38] Westoby M J,Brasington J,Glasser N F,et al.‘Structure-fromM otion'photogrammetry:a low-cost,effective tool for geoscience applications[J].Geomorphology,2012,179:300-314.
[39]张祖勋,张剑清.数字摄影测量学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2012:444.
[40] Lancaster N.Geomorphology of Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Routledge,1995:290.
[41] Bourke M C,Goudie A S. Varieties of barchan form in the Namib Desert and on M ars[J]. Aeolian Research,2009,1(1/2):45-54.
[42] Bourke M C.Barchan dune asymmetry:observations from Mars and Earth[J].ICARUS,2010,205:183-197.
[43]钱广强,董治宝,罗万银,等.横向沙丘背风侧气流重附风洞模拟[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(1):16-20.
[44]熊强,王双亭,王晓宇,等.基于Smart3D的倾斜摄影测量模拟系统三维建模[J].测绘工程,2018(7):55-59.
[45]朱震达,陈治平,吴正,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:110.
[46] Ahmedou D O,Mahfoudh A O,Dupont P,et al. Barchan dune mobility in M auritania related to dune and interdune sand fluxes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112(F2):1-18.
[2] King W J H.Study of a dune belt[J].The Geographical Journal,1918,51(1):16-33.
[3] Cressey G B.Notes on the sand dunes of northwestern Indiana[J].The Journal of Geology,1922,30(3):248-251.
[4] Bagnold R A.The movement of desert sand[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.Series A,M athematical and Physical Sciences,1936,157(892):594-620.
[5] Bagnold R A. The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Methuen,1941:265.
[6] Finkel H J.The barchans of southern Peru[J].The Journal of Geology,1959,67(7):614-647.
[7]朱震达,郭恒文,吴功成.塔克拉玛干沙漠西南地区绿洲附近沙丘移动的研究[J].地理学报,1964,30(1):35-50.
[8] Long J T,Sharp R P.Barchan-dune movement in Imperial Valley,California[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1964,75(2):149-156.
[9] Lancaster N.Dunes on the skeleton coast,Namibia(South West Africa):geomorphology and grain size relationships[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1982,7(6):575-587.
[10] Livingstone I.Monitoring surface change on a Namib linear dune[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1989,14(4):317-332.
[11]哈斯.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘形态示量特征及其影响因素[J].中国沙漠,1995,25(2):136-142.
[12] Bullard J E,Thomas D S G,Livingstone I,et al.Analysis of linear sand dune morphological variability,southw estern Kalahari desert[J].Geomorphology,1995,11:189-203.
[13]钱广强,董治宝,罗万银,等.回涡沙丘的形态特征与表面物质组成[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):587-592.
[14]董玉祥,黄德全.海岸新月形沙丘移动与形态变化的典型研究[J].地理科学,2014(7):863-869.
[15] Bourke M C,Edgett K S,Cantor B A. Recent aeolian dune change on M ars[J].Geomorphology,2008,94:247-255.
[16] Tsoar H.Dynamic processes acting on a longitudinal(seif)sand dune[J].Sedimentology,1983,30(4):567-578.
[17]哈斯,董光荣,王贵勇.腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘的形态-动力学研究[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),1999(5):466-471.
[18] Walker I J,Nickling W G. Dynamics of secondary airflow and sediment transport over and in the lee of transverse dunes[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2002,26(1):47-75.
[19] Qian G,Dong Z,Luo W,et al.Variations of horizontal and vertical velocities over tw o-dimensional transverse dunes:a w ind tunnel simulation of the effect of w indw ard slope[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2009,73:1109-1116.
[20] Lancaster N,Nickling W G,Neuman C K M,et al.Sediment flux and airflow on the stoss slope of a barchan dune[J]. Geomorphology,1996,17:55-62.
[21] Hastenrath S L. The barchans of the Arequipa region,southern Peru[J].Zeitschrift Für Geomorphologie,1967,11:300-331.
[22] Hastenrath S L. The barchan dunes of Southern Peru revisited[J].Zeitschrift Für Geomorphologie,1987,31:167-178.
[23] Lancaster N.Aspects of the morphometry of linear dunes in the Namib desert[J]. South African Journal of Science,1981,77(8):366-368.
[24] Hesp P A,Hastings K.Width,height and slope relationships and aerodynamic maintenance of barchans[J]. Geomorphology,1998,22:193-204.
[25] Sauermann G,Rognon P,Poliakov A,et al.The shape of the barchan dunes of Southern M orocco[J].Geomorphology,2000,36:47-62.
[26] Bishop M A.Seasonal variation of crescentic dune morphology and morphometry,Strzelecki-Simpson Desert,Australia[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2001,26(7):783-791.
[27] Livingstone I.A twenty-one-year record of surface change on a Namib linear dune[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2003,28(9):1025-1031.
[28] Wang Z,Tao S,Xie Y,et al.Barchans of Minqin:morphometry[J].Geomorphology,2007,89:405-411.
[29] Yizhaq H,Isenberg O,Wenkart R,et al.Morphology and dynamics of aeolian mega-ripples in Nahal Kasuy,southern Israel[J].Israel Journal of Earth Sciences,2009,57:149-165.
[30] Nield J M,Wiggs G F S,Squirrell R S.Aeolian sand strip mobility and protodune development on a drying beach:examining surface moisture and surface roughness patterns measured by terrestrial laser scanning[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2011,36(4):513-522.
[31] Elbelrhiti H.Initiation and early development of barchan dunes:A case study of the M oroccan Atlantic Sahara desert[J]. Geomorphology,2012,138:181-188.
[32] Bogle R,Redsteer M H,Vogel J.Field measurement and analysis of climatic factors affecting dune mobility near Grand Falls on the Navajo Nation,southw estern United States[J]. Geomorphology,2015,228:41-51.
[33] Baddock M C,Nield J M,Wiggs G F S.Early-stage aeolian protodunes:Bedform development and sand transport dynamics[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2018,43(1):339-346.
[34] Hugenholtz C H,Whitehead K,Brown O W,et al.Geomorphological mapping w ith a small unmanned aircraft system(s UAS):feature detection and accuracy assessment of a photogrammetrically-derived digital terrain model[J]. Geomorphology,2013,194:16-24.
[35]李德仁,刘立坤,邵振峰.集成倾斜航空摄影测量和地面移动测量技术的城市环境监测[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2015(4):427-435.
[36]万剑华,王朝,刘善伟,等.消费级无人机的大比例尺测图能力分析[J].测绘通报,2018(6):104-108.
[37] Solazzo D,Sankey J B,Sankey T T,et al.Mapping and measuring aeolian sand dunes w ith photogrammetry and LiDAR from unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)and multispectral satellite imagery on the Paria Plateau,AZ,USA[J].Geomorphology,2018,319:174-185.
[38] Westoby M J,Brasington J,Glasser N F,et al.‘Structure-fromM otion'photogrammetry:a low-cost,effective tool for geoscience applications[J].Geomorphology,2012,179:300-314.
[39]张祖勋,张剑清.数字摄影测量学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2012:444.
[40] Lancaster N.Geomorphology of Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Routledge,1995:290.
[41] Bourke M C,Goudie A S. Varieties of barchan form in the Namib Desert and on M ars[J]. Aeolian Research,2009,1(1/2):45-54.
[42] Bourke M C.Barchan dune asymmetry:observations from Mars and Earth[J].ICARUS,2010,205:183-197.
[43]钱广强,董治宝,罗万银,等.横向沙丘背风侧气流重附风洞模拟[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(1):16-20.
[44]熊强,王双亭,王晓宇,等.基于Smart3D的倾斜摄影测量模拟系统三维建模[J].测绘工程,2018(7):55-59.
[45]朱震达,陈治平,吴正,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:110.
[46] Ahmedou D O,Mahfoudh A O,Dupont P,et al. Barchan dune mobility in M auritania related to dune and interdune sand fluxes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112(F2):1-18.