叠前衰减补偿时间偏移及GPU实现
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摘要
地下介质的黏滞特性会导致地震波能量耗散、相位畸变,地震剖面分辨率降低。为此,发展了一种偏移方法,可以在叠前偏移中沿波场传播路径补偿黏滞介质的吸收效应,提高地震分辨率。在Q场建模方面,通过VSP测井资料与地面反射地震资料联合应用求取品质因子Q值,并依据衰减合成地震记录与井旁地震道的匹配情况判断Q值是否合理;在压制偏移噪声方面,采用倾角域变偏移孔径的实现方式,通过孔径的自适应改变,有效压制偏移噪声;在提高计算效率方面,采用GPU加速策略,有效解决频率域衰减补偿叠前时间偏移计算效率低的问题。模拟与实际数据处理结果表明,叠前衰减补偿时间偏移在提高地震资料分辨率的同时,能较好保持地震剖面的信噪比与波组关系,在衰减强烈且信噪比较低地区有广阔的应用前景。
The intrinsic absorption in subsurface media causes dissipation of seismic energy,thus decreases the amplitude and modifies the phase,and gives worse data resolution.We propose a prestack time migration in this paper,which compensates the attenuation along the seismic wave propagating path and enhance the resolution.For Q estimation,we calculate Q value with the joint use of VSP and seismic data.In general,we judge a right Q value based on visco-acoustic seismic synthetic seismogram and seismic traces at the well.For noise elimination,we use adaptive aperture according to dip angles,which can effectively remove migration noise.To improve computation efficiency,we adopt GPU calculating scheme.Model and real data results demonstrate that the proposed approach can not only compensate seismic energy but also improve data resolution.
The intrinsic absorption in subsurface media causes dissipation of seismic energy,thus decreases the amplitude and modifies the phase,and gives worse data resolution.We propose a prestack time migration in this paper,which compensates the attenuation along the seismic wave propagating path and enhance the resolution.For Q estimation,we calculate Q value with the joint use of VSP and seismic data.In general,we judge a right Q value based on visco-acoustic seismic synthetic seismogram and seismic traces at the well.For noise elimination,we use adaptive aperture according to dip angles,which can effectively remove migration noise.To improve computation efficiency,we adopt GPU calculating scheme.Model and real data results demonstrate that the proposed approach can not only compensate seismic energy but also improve data resolution.
引文
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[2] Kjartansson E.Constant Q wave propagation and attenuation[J].Journal of Geophysics Research,1979,84(1):4737-4748.
[3] Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.Inverse Q filtering by fourier transform[J].Geophysics,1991,56(1):519-527.
[4] Wang Y.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):657-663.
[5] 陈增保,陈小宏,李景叶,等.一种带限稳定的反Q滤波算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(1):68-74.CHEN Zengbao,CHEN Xiaohong,LI Jingye,et al.A band-limited and robust inverse Q filtering algorithm[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(1):68-74.
[6] Mittet R,Sollie R and Hokstak K.Prestack depth migration with compensation for absorption and dispersion[J].Geophysics,1995,60(1):1485-1494.
[7] Zhang J and Wapenaar K.Wavefield extrapolation and prestack depth migration in anelastic inhomogeneous media[J].Geophysics Prospecting,2002,50(1):629-643.
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[9] Quan Y,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method[J].Geophysics,1997,62(1):895-905.
[10] Xin K,Hung B.3-D tomographic Q inversion for compensation frequency dependent attenuation and dispersion[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:4014-4017.
[11] Zhang C,Ulrych T J.Estimation of quality factors from CMP records[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):1542-1547.
[12] Zhang J F,Wu J Z,and Li X Y.Compensation for absorption and dispersion in prestack migration:An effective Q approach[J].Geophysics,2013,78(1):1-14.
[13] 吴吉忠,刘成权,张建坤,等.倾角域自适应孔径叠前时间偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):502-508.WU Jizhong,LIU Chengquan,ZHANG Jiankun,et al.Adaptive aperture prestack time migration in the dip angle domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(3):502-508.
[14] Klokov A,Fomel S.Optimal migration aperture for conflicting dips[C].SEG Technical Program Expan-ded Abstracts,2012,31:504-507.
[15] 陈志德,初海红.黏滞介质吸收补偿叠前时间偏移的倾角道集孔径优选[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):444-451.CHEN Zhide and CHU Haihong.Optimization of vari-able migration aperture in dip angle gathers for pre-stack time migration with absorption compensation in viscous elastic media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(3):444-451.
[16] Audebert F,Froidevaux P,Racotoarisoa H,et al.Insights into migration in the angle domain[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2002,21:1188-1191.
[17] 刘和年,王建立,吴蕾,等.地层倾角约束自适应孔径叠前时间偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):899-903.LIU Henian,WANG Jianli,WU Lei,et al.Adaptive aperture prestack time migration with dip constrain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(5):899-903.
[18] 李博,刘国峰,刘洪.地震叠前时间偏移的一种图形处理器提速实现方法[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):245-252.LI Bo,LIU Guofeng,LIU Hong.A method of using GPU to accelerate seismic pre-stack time migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(1):245-252.
[19] 李肯立,彭俊杰,周仕勇.基于CUDA的Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移算法设计与实现[J].计算机应用研究,2009,26(12):4474-4477.LI Kenli,PENG Junjie,ZHOU Shiyong.Implement Kirchhoff prestack time migration algorithm on CUDA architecture[J].Application Research of Compu-ters,2009,26(12):4474-4477.
[20] 马召贵,赵改善,武港山,等.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移的GPU移植与性能优化技术[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):700-705.MA Zhaogui,ZHAO Gaishan,WU Gangshan,et al.GPU-based porting and optimization of Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):700-705.
[21] 陈志德,赵忠华,王成.黏滞声学介质地震波吸收补偿叠前时间偏移方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):325-333.CHEN Zhide,ZHAO Zhonghua and WANG Cheng.Prestack time migration with compensation for absorption of viscous-elastic media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(2):325-333.
[22] 吴吉忠,杨晓利,龙洋.一种稳定高效的等效Q值反Q滤波算法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):63-70.WU Jizhong,YANG Xiaoli and LONG Yang.A roubust approach of inverse Q filtering with equivalent Q[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(1):63-70.
[23] Bleistein N,Cohen J K,Stockwell J W.Mathematics of Multidimensional Seismic Inversion[M].Springer,2001.
[24] 卢宝坤,张剑锋,蒲泊伶.角度域叠前时间偏移:非均匀介质中的单程波方法[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3795-3804.LU Baokun,ZHANG Jianfeng,PU Boling.Pre-stack time migration in angle domain:a one-way propagator approach in inhomogeneous media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(11):3795-3804.
[25] 吴吉忠,李君,石文武.南堡1号构造火成岩发育区稳健保幅处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊1):1-9.WU Jizhong,LI Jun,SHI Wenwu.Robust amplitude-preserving processing strategy for well-developed igneous rocks in the structure Nanpu 1[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S1):1-9.
[2] Kjartansson E.Constant Q wave propagation and attenuation[J].Journal of Geophysics Research,1979,84(1):4737-4748.
[3] Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.Inverse Q filtering by fourier transform[J].Geophysics,1991,56(1):519-527.
[4] Wang Y.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):657-663.
[5] 陈增保,陈小宏,李景叶,等.一种带限稳定的反Q滤波算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(1):68-74.CHEN Zengbao,CHEN Xiaohong,LI Jingye,et al.A band-limited and robust inverse Q filtering algorithm[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(1):68-74.
[6] Mittet R,Sollie R and Hokstak K.Prestack depth migration with compensation for absorption and dispersion[J].Geophysics,1995,60(1):1485-1494.
[7] Zhang J and Wapenaar K.Wavefield extrapolation and prestack depth migration in anelastic inhomogeneous media[J].Geophysics Prospecting,2002,50(1):629-643.
[8] Tonn R.The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:A comparison of different computational methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(1):1-27.
[9] Quan Y,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method[J].Geophysics,1997,62(1):895-905.
[10] Xin K,Hung B.3-D tomographic Q inversion for compensation frequency dependent attenuation and dispersion[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:4014-4017.
[11] Zhang C,Ulrych T J.Estimation of quality factors from CMP records[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):1542-1547.
[12] Zhang J F,Wu J Z,and Li X Y.Compensation for absorption and dispersion in prestack migration:An effective Q approach[J].Geophysics,2013,78(1):1-14.
[13] 吴吉忠,刘成权,张建坤,等.倾角域自适应孔径叠前时间偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):502-508.WU Jizhong,LIU Chengquan,ZHANG Jiankun,et al.Adaptive aperture prestack time migration in the dip angle domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(3):502-508.
[14] Klokov A,Fomel S.Optimal migration aperture for conflicting dips[C].SEG Technical Program Expan-ded Abstracts,2012,31:504-507.
[15] 陈志德,初海红.黏滞介质吸收补偿叠前时间偏移的倾角道集孔径优选[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):444-451.CHEN Zhide and CHU Haihong.Optimization of vari-able migration aperture in dip angle gathers for pre-stack time migration with absorption compensation in viscous elastic media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(3):444-451.
[16] Audebert F,Froidevaux P,Racotoarisoa H,et al.Insights into migration in the angle domain[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2002,21:1188-1191.
[17] 刘和年,王建立,吴蕾,等.地层倾角约束自适应孔径叠前时间偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):899-903.LIU Henian,WANG Jianli,WU Lei,et al.Adaptive aperture prestack time migration with dip constrain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(5):899-903.
[18] 李博,刘国峰,刘洪.地震叠前时间偏移的一种图形处理器提速实现方法[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):245-252.LI Bo,LIU Guofeng,LIU Hong.A method of using GPU to accelerate seismic pre-stack time migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(1):245-252.
[19] 李肯立,彭俊杰,周仕勇.基于CUDA的Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移算法设计与实现[J].计算机应用研究,2009,26(12):4474-4477.LI Kenli,PENG Junjie,ZHOU Shiyong.Implement Kirchhoff prestack time migration algorithm on CUDA architecture[J].Application Research of Compu-ters,2009,26(12):4474-4477.
[20] 马召贵,赵改善,武港山,等.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移的GPU移植与性能优化技术[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):700-705.MA Zhaogui,ZHAO Gaishan,WU Gangshan,et al.GPU-based porting and optimization of Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):700-705.
[21] 陈志德,赵忠华,王成.黏滞声学介质地震波吸收补偿叠前时间偏移方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):325-333.CHEN Zhide,ZHAO Zhonghua and WANG Cheng.Prestack time migration with compensation for absorption of viscous-elastic media[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(2):325-333.
[22] 吴吉忠,杨晓利,龙洋.一种稳定高效的等效Q值反Q滤波算法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):63-70.WU Jizhong,YANG Xiaoli and LONG Yang.A roubust approach of inverse Q filtering with equivalent Q[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(1):63-70.
[23] Bleistein N,Cohen J K,Stockwell J W.Mathematics of Multidimensional Seismic Inversion[M].Springer,2001.
[24] 卢宝坤,张剑锋,蒲泊伶.角度域叠前时间偏移:非均匀介质中的单程波方法[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(11):3795-3804.LU Baokun,ZHANG Jianfeng,PU Boling.Pre-stack time migration in angle domain:a one-way propagator approach in inhomogeneous media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(11):3795-3804.
[25] 吴吉忠,李君,石文武.南堡1号构造火成岩发育区稳健保幅处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊1):1-9.WU Jizhong,LI Jun,SHI Wenwu.Robust amplitude-preserving processing strategy for well-developed igneous rocks in the structure Nanpu 1[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S1):1-9.
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