精制食盐及加碘精制食盐营养健康效应的对比实验评价
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摘要
目的采用小鼠模型及损益指数及总积分(benefit damage index-general score, BDI-GS)系统对比评价市售精制食盐及加碘食盐的营养健康效应,揭示其过度摄取的健康危害。方法生长期雄性ICR实验小鼠分为7组,分别是玉米空白对照组,0.5%、1.0%、1.5%精制食盐及0.5%、1.0%、1.5%加碘盐实验组,每组各8只小鼠。总计喂养10d,隔日称取体质量1次。第10d取血分离血清,处死小鼠并解剖。准确称取心、肺、胸腺、脾、肝脏、胰腺、双肾、性腺及股骨质量;血清测定常规血生化指标,并进行统计学分析。结果精制食盐组小鼠胰腺的营养及健康指标BDI均小于等于0.90。加碘食盐小鼠之胰腺营养健康损害更严重,个别剂量BDI甚至低至0.67,并且统计学与空白对照组存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。加碘食盐对性腺营养健康存在较重损害,各剂量组BDI均明显低于1.0。结论精制食盐过度摄取对人体营养健康会造成不利影响,加碘食盐存在一定健康问题。
Objective To compare the nutrition and health effects of commercially available refined salt and iodized salt by mouse model and benefit damage index-general score(BDI-GS) system, and reveal the health hazard of excessive intake. Methods The male ICR mice in growth period were divided into 7 groups: cornmon control group, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% refined salt, and 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% iodized salt experimental group, with 8 mice in each group. The total feeding time was 10 days, and the body mass was weighed once every other day. On the 10 th day, the serum was taken and separated, and the mice were sacrificed and dissected. The qualities of heart, lung,thymus, spleen, liver, pancreas, kidney, gonad and femur were accurately weighed. Routine blood biochemical indexes were measured in serum and analyzed statistically. Results The BDI values of pancreas in nutrition and health effects for the test mice fed with refined salt blending diet were all ≤ 0.90. The pancreatic nutrition of the iodized salt mice was more serious, and the individual doses of BDI were even as low as 0.67, and there was a significant difference with the blank control group(P<0.05). Iodinated salt had significant damage to gonadal nutritional health, and BDI was significantly lower than 1.0 in each dose group. Conclusion Excessive intake of refined salt can adversely affect human nutrition and health, and iodized salt is of certain healthy problem.
Objective To compare the nutrition and health effects of commercially available refined salt and iodized salt by mouse model and benefit damage index-general score(BDI-GS) system, and reveal the health hazard of excessive intake. Methods The male ICR mice in growth period were divided into 7 groups: cornmon control group, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% refined salt, and 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% iodized salt experimental group, with 8 mice in each group. The total feeding time was 10 days, and the body mass was weighed once every other day. On the 10 th day, the serum was taken and separated, and the mice were sacrificed and dissected. The qualities of heart, lung,thymus, spleen, liver, pancreas, kidney, gonad and femur were accurately weighed. Routine blood biochemical indexes were measured in serum and analyzed statistically. Results The BDI values of pancreas in nutrition and health effects for the test mice fed with refined salt blending diet were all ≤ 0.90. The pancreatic nutrition of the iodized salt mice was more serious, and the individual doses of BDI were even as low as 0.67, and there was a significant difference with the blank control group(P<0.05). Iodinated salt had significant damage to gonadal nutritional health, and BDI was significantly lower than 1.0 in each dose group. Conclusion Excessive intake of refined salt can adversely affect human nutrition and health, and iodized salt is of certain healthy problem.
引文
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[14]龙伟,靳谨,周岳,等.新体系对比评价常见鲜品山药的补益及健康效应[J].中华中医药学刊,2014,32(12):3031-3035.Long W,Jin J,Zhou Y,et al.Comparative evaluation of the benefits and health effects of common fresh dioscorea opposita by the new system[J].Chin Arch Trad Chin Med,2014,32(12):3031-3035.
[15]龙伟,沈秀,王浩,等.可乐饮料功效安全性BDI-GS体系综合评价[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(增刊):19-22.Long W,Shen X,Wang H,et al.The comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cola using BDI-GS system[J].Chin J Publ Health,2013,29(sl):19-22.
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[17]黄继汉,黄晓晖,陈志扬,等.药理试验中动物间和动物与人体间的等效剂量换算[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2004,9(9):1069-1072.Huang JH,Huang XH,Chen ZY,et al.Dose conversion among different animals and healthy volunteers in pharmacological study[J].Chin J Clin Pharmacol Ther,2004,9(9):1069-1072.
[18]Baudrand R,Campino C,Carvajal CA,et al.High sodium intake is associated with increased glucocorticoid production,insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome[J].Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2014,80(5):677-684.
[19]缪珩,曾繁梅,王卫东.食盐对Ⅱ型糖尿病人血糖及血清胰岛素水平的影响[J].临床荟萃,l995,10(1):12-13.Miao H,Zeng FM,Wang WD.Impact of salt on blood glucose and serum insulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Clin Focus,l995,10(1):12-13.
[20]杨进刚.吃得咸也可能得糖尿病[J].人人健康,2017,21:48.Yang JG.Eating salty can also lead to diabetes mellitus[J].Heal Every,2017,21:48.
[21]罗琳,张建中,白丽艳.2型糖尿病饮食结构特点和肾脏功能变化[J].中国实验诊断学,2015,19(10):1768-1769.Luo L,Zhang JZ,Bai LY.Dietary characteristics and renal function changes for type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Chin J Lab Diagn,2015,19(10):1768-1769.
[22]林爽,王志江,吴小勇,等.仙草黑木耳果冻粉的研制与降糖作用分析[J].中国食品添加剂,2016,8:75-78.Lin S,Wang ZJ,Wu XY,et al.Development and hypoglycemic effect analysis of jelly powder of mesona blume and auricularia auricular[J].Chin Food Add,2016,8:75-78.
[23]邱进,杨施,陈向锋.男性自我生育力保存的价值及前景[J],性教育与生殖健康,2016,3:15-20.Qiu J,Yang S,Chen XF.The value and prospect of male self-fertility preservation[J].Sex Educ Reprod Heal,2016,3:15-20.
[24]朱广苓.不孕不育症发病率上升且年轻化[J].开卷有益:求医问药,2017,5:15.Zhu GL.Increase and younger trend for the incidence of infertility[J].JBenef Read Drug Inf Med Ad,2017,5:15.
[25]刘彩平,张亦心,高章圈,等.211对不孕不育症患者临床诊断分析[J].中国生育健康杂志,2010,21(l):47-48.Liu CP,Zhang YX,Gao ZQ,et al.Clinical diagnosis and analysis for 211cases of infertility[J].Chin J Reprod Heal,2010,21(l):47-48.
[26]李红燕.高碘与甲状腺相关疾病的研究进展[J].山西医药杂志,2015,44(13):1515-1517.Li HY.Research Progress on iodine excess and related diseases of thyroid[J].Shanxi Med J,2015,44(13):1515-1517.
[27]康迪,王立,李春,等.少数民族地区加碘盐对结节性甲状腺肿患者发病的影响[J].医疗装备,2016,29(21):75-76.Kang D,Wang L,Li C,et al.influence of iodized salt on patients of nodular goiter in ethnic minority areas[J].Med Equip,2016,29(21):75-76.
[28]杨彩娴,黄启亚,卢志权,等.清远地区甲状腺疾病与碘摄入量的相关性分析[J].海南医学,2015,26(19):2903-2905.Yang CX,Huang QY,Lu ZQ,et al.Correlation analysis for thyroid diseases and iodine intake in Qingyuan area[J].Hainan Med J,2015,26(19):2903-2905.
[29]陆国超,李春雨,吴远冰.食盐碘化对甲状腺癌发病的影响[J].河北医学,2008,14(4):450-451.Lu GC,Li CY,Wu YB.Impact of salt iodization on the incidence of thyroid carcinoma[J].Hebei Med J,2008,14(4):450-451.
[2]曾玉林.全民食盐加碘5年碘缺乏病防治效果评价[J].交通医学,2002,16(5):489-490.Zeng YL.Evaluation on the prevention and treatment effects of iodine deficiency diseases after 5 years of nationwide salt iodization[J].Med JCommun,2002,16(5):489-490.
[3]郭怀兰,庞红,徐健,等.碘酸钾的亚慢性毒性研究[J].毒理学杂志,2005,l9(4):263-265.Guo HL,Pang H,Xu J,et al.The research on the subchronic toxicity of potassium iodate in rats[J].Toxicol,2005,l9(4):263-265.
[4]杨慧萍,曹玉华,王素雅,等.加碘盐与人体健康[J].食品科学,2006,27(11):536-539.Yang HP,Cao YH,Wang SY,et al.Iodized salt and human health[J].Food Sci,2006,27(11):536-539.
[5]汪正园,周静哲,贾晓东.碘酸钾安全性研究进展[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(2):175-178.Wang ZY,Zhou JZ,Jia XD.Research advance on potassium iodate safety[J].J Environ Occup Med,2017,34(2):175-178.
[6]姜启兴,于沛沛,夏文水,等.碘酸钾的安全性与应用[J].河南畜牧兽医,2010,31(5):11-13.Jiang QX,Yu PP,Xia WS,et al.Safety and application of potassium iodate[J].Henan Livest Vet,2010,31(5):11-13.
[7]皮云帆.加碘盐,吃还是不吃?[J].食品安全导刊,2014,11:50-52.Pi YF.Iodized salt,eat or not?[J].Chin Food Saf Magaz,2014,11:50-52.
[8]张国文.碘与甲状腺疾病密切相关,加碘盐该怎么吃?[J].医食参考,2017,12:20-21.Zhang GW.Iodine and thyroid diseases are closely related,how to intake iodized salt?[J].Med Food Refer,2017,12:20-21.
[9]白佳利,沈秀,王浩,等.用损益指数综合评价大豆营养保健功效及安全性[J].食品科学,2012,33(17):263-268.Bai JL,Shen X,Wang H,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of nutrition and health functions and safety of soybean by benefit-damage index[J].Food Sci,2012,33(17):263-268.
[10]黄君红,何中初,陈琼,等.发酵型酸奶预防环磷酰胺导致小鼠骨质疏松作用的探讨[J].中国老年学杂志,2008,28(5):459-462.Huang JH,He ZC,Chen Q,et al.Experimental study on fermented yoghurt prevention of osteoporosis induced by cyclophosphamide in mice[J].Chin J Geront,2008,28(5):459-462.
[11]龙伟,沈秀,白佳利,等.用损益指数综合评价精米的营养健康效应[J].中国稻米,2013,19(2):9-13.Long W,Shen X,Bai JL,et al.Using Benefit-damage Indexes to evaluate nutrition and health effects of white rice[J].Chin Rice,2013,19(2):9-13.
[12]王晓光,王浩,白佳利,等.用BDI-GS系统评价糙米的营养健康效应[J].中国稻米,2013,19(3):18-22.Wang XG,Wang H,Bai JL,et al.Using BDI-GS system evaluate nutrition and health effects of crude dehulled rice(brown rice)[J].Chin Rice,2013,19(3):18-22.
[13]龙伟,沈秀,周晓靓,等.新体系评价转基因大豆油的食用安全性[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2014,5(8):2568-2574.Long W,Shen X,Zhou XL,et al.Evaluation on edible Safety of genetically modified soy oil by novel System[J].J Food Saf Qual,2014,5(8):2568-2574.
[14]龙伟,靳谨,周岳,等.新体系对比评价常见鲜品山药的补益及健康效应[J].中华中医药学刊,2014,32(12):3031-3035.Long W,Jin J,Zhou Y,et al.Comparative evaluation of the benefits and health effects of common fresh dioscorea opposita by the new system[J].Chin Arch Trad Chin Med,2014,32(12):3031-3035.
[15]龙伟,沈秀,王浩,等.可乐饮料功效安全性BDI-GS体系综合评价[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(增刊):19-22.Long W,Shen X,Wang H,et al.The comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cola using BDI-GS system[J].Chin J Publ Health,2013,29(sl):19-22.
[16]李小成,谢国祥,姜云,等.南京市居民食盐消费情况及其与新诊断高血压的相关分析[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(9):775-778.Li XC,Xie GX,Jiang Y,et al.Relationship between salt consumption and new diagnosed hypertension among residents in Nanjing[J].Chin J Heal Educ,2017,33(9):775-778.
[17]黄继汉,黄晓晖,陈志扬,等.药理试验中动物间和动物与人体间的等效剂量换算[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2004,9(9):1069-1072.Huang JH,Huang XH,Chen ZY,et al.Dose conversion among different animals and healthy volunteers in pharmacological study[J].Chin J Clin Pharmacol Ther,2004,9(9):1069-1072.
[18]Baudrand R,Campino C,Carvajal CA,et al.High sodium intake is associated with increased glucocorticoid production,insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome[J].Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2014,80(5):677-684.
[19]缪珩,曾繁梅,王卫东.食盐对Ⅱ型糖尿病人血糖及血清胰岛素水平的影响[J].临床荟萃,l995,10(1):12-13.Miao H,Zeng FM,Wang WD.Impact of salt on blood glucose and serum insulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Clin Focus,l995,10(1):12-13.
[20]杨进刚.吃得咸也可能得糖尿病[J].人人健康,2017,21:48.Yang JG.Eating salty can also lead to diabetes mellitus[J].Heal Every,2017,21:48.
[21]罗琳,张建中,白丽艳.2型糖尿病饮食结构特点和肾脏功能变化[J].中国实验诊断学,2015,19(10):1768-1769.Luo L,Zhang JZ,Bai LY.Dietary characteristics and renal function changes for type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Chin J Lab Diagn,2015,19(10):1768-1769.
[22]林爽,王志江,吴小勇,等.仙草黑木耳果冻粉的研制与降糖作用分析[J].中国食品添加剂,2016,8:75-78.Lin S,Wang ZJ,Wu XY,et al.Development and hypoglycemic effect analysis of jelly powder of mesona blume and auricularia auricular[J].Chin Food Add,2016,8:75-78.
[23]邱进,杨施,陈向锋.男性自我生育力保存的价值及前景[J],性教育与生殖健康,2016,3:15-20.Qiu J,Yang S,Chen XF.The value and prospect of male self-fertility preservation[J].Sex Educ Reprod Heal,2016,3:15-20.
[24]朱广苓.不孕不育症发病率上升且年轻化[J].开卷有益:求医问药,2017,5:15.Zhu GL.Increase and younger trend for the incidence of infertility[J].JBenef Read Drug Inf Med Ad,2017,5:15.
[25]刘彩平,张亦心,高章圈,等.211对不孕不育症患者临床诊断分析[J].中国生育健康杂志,2010,21(l):47-48.Liu CP,Zhang YX,Gao ZQ,et al.Clinical diagnosis and analysis for 211cases of infertility[J].Chin J Reprod Heal,2010,21(l):47-48.
[26]李红燕.高碘与甲状腺相关疾病的研究进展[J].山西医药杂志,2015,44(13):1515-1517.Li HY.Research Progress on iodine excess and related diseases of thyroid[J].Shanxi Med J,2015,44(13):1515-1517.
[27]康迪,王立,李春,等.少数民族地区加碘盐对结节性甲状腺肿患者发病的影响[J].医疗装备,2016,29(21):75-76.Kang D,Wang L,Li C,et al.influence of iodized salt on patients of nodular goiter in ethnic minority areas[J].Med Equip,2016,29(21):75-76.
[28]杨彩娴,黄启亚,卢志权,等.清远地区甲状腺疾病与碘摄入量的相关性分析[J].海南医学,2015,26(19):2903-2905.Yang CX,Huang QY,Lu ZQ,et al.Correlation analysis for thyroid diseases and iodine intake in Qingyuan area[J].Hainan Med J,2015,26(19):2903-2905.
[29]陆国超,李春雨,吴远冰.食盐碘化对甲状腺癌发病的影响[J].河北医学,2008,14(4):450-451.Lu GC,Li CY,Wu YB.Impact of salt iodization on the incidence of thyroid carcinoma[J].Hebei Med J,2008,14(4):450-451.
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