地质统计学反演方法对单一河道砂体的刻画
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摘要
河道储层是我国东部陆相油田的主要储层类型,储层内单一河道砂体宽度窄、横向变化快,砂体之间叠置关系复杂,导致了油田开发中后期面临的注采矛盾突出、剩余油挖潜困难等一系列生产难题.因此,对单一河道砂体进行预测和精细刻画尤为重要.应用传统测井剖面对比方式刻画单一河道砂体,不仅难度高、工作量大,而且井间砂体预测只能依靠推测,可靠性低.而受限于地震资料的主频,常规储层反演的预测结果纵向分辨率低,无法达到描述薄层单一河道砂体的要求.近年来的实践表明:地质统计学反演方法基于井震结合思想,通过数学模拟的手段,可以有效改善薄层砂体的预测效果,在其预测结果中刻画薄层单一河道砂体的精度可以满足开发中后期油田生产的需要.本文以松辽盆地北部榆树林油田树123区块为例,采用地质统计学反演方法,对扶杨油层浅水湖泊三角洲相河道储层单砂体开展了预测和刻画.结果显示:密井区砂体预测符合率达到85.6%,稀井区砂体预测结果与沉积模式吻合.在剖面上可以识别出薄层单一河道砂体间的叠置或接触关系,有效指导了井间砂体对比,揭示砂体连通关系;在平面上相对准确地定量化展现出单一河道砂体的展布形态,为确定剩余油富集区和井位部署提供依据,从而保障油田持续增储上产.
Distributary channel reservoir is the main reservoir type in terrestrial oilfields in East China. The limited wideness and the rapid change of microfacies in the transverse direction are two main characteristics of this kind of reservoir. These characteristics together with the complex overlapping relationship of single sandbodies in distributary channel cause many development problems in middle-late period of oilfield development. So the detailed prediction and describe of single sandbodies is very important to make clear the distribution of distributary channel reservoir to meet the production need. It's difficult to use traditional method such as comparison in section to describe single sandbodies in this kind of reservoir. And the vertical resolution of conventional seismic inversion is lower than the demand of fine description of thin single sandbodies in distributary channel because of the limit in its frequency. Recent practice shows that with mathematical simulation, geological statistics inversion combined the advantages of seismic data and logging data, which makes this method more capable to predict thin sandbody. Thus, this paper applied geological statistics inversion in area Shu123 of Yushulin Oilfield in Songlao Basin to conduct prediction and description of single sandbodies of distributary channel reservoir of shallow lacustrine delta plain in Fuyu oil layer and Yangdachengzi oil layer.The result is fine. In dense well spacing area, the coincidence rate of sandbodies prediction can reach 85.6%. And in under-exploited area with wide-spaced wells the prediction of sandbodies matches the result of sedimentary study. The connection and vertical overlapping of single sandbodies in Fuyu oil layer and Yanddachengzi oil layer are clearly recognized in section. The surface distribution is shown in a quantitative way relatively in plain. These information can make good foundation in study of remaining oil finding and well location planning to guarantee the growth of oilfield output.
Distributary channel reservoir is the main reservoir type in terrestrial oilfields in East China. The limited wideness and the rapid change of microfacies in the transverse direction are two main characteristics of this kind of reservoir. These characteristics together with the complex overlapping relationship of single sandbodies in distributary channel cause many development problems in middle-late period of oilfield development. So the detailed prediction and describe of single sandbodies is very important to make clear the distribution of distributary channel reservoir to meet the production need. It's difficult to use traditional method such as comparison in section to describe single sandbodies in this kind of reservoir. And the vertical resolution of conventional seismic inversion is lower than the demand of fine description of thin single sandbodies in distributary channel because of the limit in its frequency. Recent practice shows that with mathematical simulation, geological statistics inversion combined the advantages of seismic data and logging data, which makes this method more capable to predict thin sandbody. Thus, this paper applied geological statistics inversion in area Shu123 of Yushulin Oilfield in Songlao Basin to conduct prediction and description of single sandbodies of distributary channel reservoir of shallow lacustrine delta plain in Fuyu oil layer and Yangdachengzi oil layer.The result is fine. In dense well spacing area, the coincidence rate of sandbodies prediction can reach 85.6%. And in under-exploited area with wide-spaced wells the prediction of sandbodies matches the result of sedimentary study. The connection and vertical overlapping of single sandbodies in Fuyu oil layer and Yanddachengzi oil layer are clearly recognized in section. The surface distribution is shown in a quantitative way relatively in plain. These information can make good foundation in study of remaining oil finding and well location planning to guarantee the growth of oilfield output.
引文
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Haas A,Dubrule O. 1994. Geostatistical inversion: a sequential method of stochastic reservoir modelling constrained by seismic data [J]. First Break,12(11): 561-569.
He H H,Li S H,Du J Y,et al. 2011. The Application of Geostatistic Inversion Method to Predicting the Thin Sandstone Reservoir [J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration (in Chinese),36(06): 804-808.何火华,李少华,杜家元,等. 2011. 利用地质统计学反演进行薄砂体储层预测[J]. 物探与化探,36(06): 804-808.
He T T,Li S L,Gao X J,et al. 2014. Types and superposed patterns of distributary channels in a shallow lacustrine delta plain [J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (in Chinese),16(5): 597- 604.贺婷婷,李胜利,高兴军,等. 2014. 浅水湖泊三角洲平原分流河道类型与叠置模式[J]. 古地理学报,16(5): 597- 604.
Jiang Y,Xu L H,Zhang X L,et al. 2013. Prestack geostatistical inversion method and its application on the reservoir prediction of Changyuan oil field [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),28(05): 2579-2586,doi: 10.6038/pg20130537.姜岩,徐立恒,张秀丽,等. 2013. 叠前地质统计学反演方法在长垣油田储层预测中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,28(05): 2579-2586,doi: 10.6038/pg20130537.
Jin Z K,Shi X Z,He M. 2010. Identification Methods for Single-Channel Sand Body [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology (in Chinese),31(06): 572-575.金振奎,时晓章,何苗. 2010. 单河道砂体的识别方法[J]. 新疆石油地质,31(06): 572-575.
Li S H,Zhang C M,Yin Y S. 2003. Several stochastic modeling methods for fluvial reservoirs [J]. Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute (Natural Science Edition) (in Chinese),(05): 10-16.李少华,张昌民,尹艳树. 2003. 河流相储层随机建模的几种方法[J]. 西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),18(05): 10-16.
Li Y P,Chen S M,Song Y Z,et al. 2005. Shallow Lacustrine-Delta System Deposition Characteristics of Fuyang Oil Bed in Daqing Placanticline and Quan3 and Quan4 Member to Its East [J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing (in Chinese),24(05): 13-16.李延平,陈树民,宋永忠,等. 2005. 大庆长垣及以东泉三、四段扶杨油层浅水湖泊-三角洲体系沉积特征[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发,24(05): 13-16.
Li Z D,Zhao W,Li Y,et al. 2011. Feasibility study and application of development seismic inversion -a case study from northern Changyuan oilfield of Daqing area [J]. Oil & Gas Geology (in Chinese),32(05): 797-806.李占东,赵伟,李阳,等. 2011. 开发地震反演可行性研究及应用——以大庆长垣北部油田为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质,32(05): 797-806.
Lin B. 2007. Shengtuo Oilfield Fluvial Facies Reservoir Architectural-Elements Analysis and Remaining Oil Research [D].China University of Petroleum.林博. 2007. 胜坨油田河流相储层建筑结构分析与剩余油分布研究[D]. 中国石油大学.
Liu G H. 2013. Application of Geostatistical Seismic Inversion in the Later Period of the Oilfield Development [J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing (in Chinese),32(05): 156-158.刘国慧. 2013. 地质统计学地震反演在油田开发后期的应用[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发,32(05): 156-158.
Liu J M,Xu S Y. 2003. Reservoir Sedimentary Model of Fluvial Facies and It’s Control to Toremaining Oil Distribution [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese),24(01): 58- 62.刘建民,徐守余. 2003. 河流相储层沉积模式及对剩余油分布的控制[J]. 石油学报,24(01): 58- 62.
Liu Y F,Yin Z J,Li J B,et al. 2012. Application of Multiple-Point Geostatistics in Sedimentary Microfacies Modeling in SU49- 01 Area of Sulige Gas Field [J]. China Petroleum Exploration (in Chinese),17(4): 41- 46.刘彦锋,尹志军,李进步,等. 2012. 多点地质统计学在苏49- 01井区沉积微相建模中的应用[J]. 中国石油勘探,17(4): 41- 46.
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