分流砂坝型浅水三角洲储层构型研究
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摘要
为了揭示分流砂坝型浅水三角洲储层分布特征及其内部结构,综合应用现代沉积、岩芯、测井和动态资料,根据构型层次分析理论,对渤海海域A油田NmⅡ-1小层进行了精细构型研究,建立了分流砂坝型浅水三角洲构型分级系统,阐明了其内部单砂体的空间配置关系。研究表明,分流砂坝为该类浅水三角洲的主要构型单元,其中,五级构型单元为同期分流砂坝复合体,四级构型单元为单一分流砂坝,三级构型单元为分流砂坝内部增生体。研究区主要发育泥岩、泥质粉砂岩和粉砂质泥岩3种单一期次砂体构型界面;单一成因分流砂坝长约600～1 300 m,宽约400～800 m,厚度约2.5～7.0 m;垂向上呈部分叠置、主体叠置和主体叠加3种接触样式,平面上呈孤立分布、边部侧向拼接和主体侧向拼接3种组合样式,总体呈"早期前积伴随侧向迁移—晚期逐渐超覆加积"式演化。分流砂坝内部发育3种不同成因类型的泥质夹层,其中,顺源为前积倾斜式夹层,垂直物源为侧迭式和垂积水平式夹层,侧迭式夹层发育于近端物源区,垂积水平式夹层发育于远端湖盆区;研究区夹层厚度一般在0.4～1.2 m,延伸多小于300 m。
To determine the distribution characteristics and internal structure of a distributary-mouth bar type shallow-water delta reservoir, this study integrated current sedimentation, rock core, well logging, and dynamic data and performed hierarchy analysis on the Nm Ⅱ-1 layer of oilfield A in Bohai Sea. The study established a grading system for the hierarchy of the distributary-mouth bar type shallow-water delta and describes the spatial configuration among its internal single sandbodies.Distributary-mouth bars were identified as the main structural unit of this class of shallow-water deltas, of which the level 5 structural units are complexes formed from distributary-mouth bars of the same period, level 4 units are single distributary-mouth bars, and level 3 units are internal accretion bodies of the distributary-mouth bars. Three main types of single-phase sandbody structural interfaces were identified: mudstone, argillaceous siltstone, and silty mudstone. The length, width, and thickness of distributary-mouth bars of single origin are about 600～1 300 m, 400～800 m, and 2.5～7.0 m respectively, arranged vertically in partially overlapped, main-body overlapped and main-body superimposed configurations, and laterally in isolated, edge sideway joined and main-body sideway joined patterns. The overall evolution is "early foreset deposit with lateral migration–late gradual overlapping aggradations." Three mud interlayers of varied genesis developed in the distributary-mouth bars: foreset inclined layer along the source direction, sideway overlapped layer, and vertically accreted horizontal layer perpendicular to the source. The sideway overlapped layer developed in the proximity of the source, whereas the vertically accreted horizontal layer developed at the lake basin region to the far side. The interlayer thickness of the study area is generally 0.4～1.2 m, with extension less than 300 m.
To determine the distribution characteristics and internal structure of a distributary-mouth bar type shallow-water delta reservoir, this study integrated current sedimentation, rock core, well logging, and dynamic data and performed hierarchy analysis on the Nm Ⅱ-1 layer of oilfield A in Bohai Sea. The study established a grading system for the hierarchy of the distributary-mouth bar type shallow-water delta and describes the spatial configuration among its internal single sandbodies.Distributary-mouth bars were identified as the main structural unit of this class of shallow-water deltas, of which the level 5 structural units are complexes formed from distributary-mouth bars of the same period, level 4 units are single distributary-mouth bars, and level 3 units are internal accretion bodies of the distributary-mouth bars. Three main types of single-phase sandbody structural interfaces were identified: mudstone, argillaceous siltstone, and silty mudstone. The length, width, and thickness of distributary-mouth bars of single origin are about 600～1 300 m, 400～800 m, and 2.5～7.0 m respectively, arranged vertically in partially overlapped, main-body overlapped and main-body superimposed configurations, and laterally in isolated, edge sideway joined and main-body sideway joined patterns. The overall evolution is "early foreset deposit with lateral migration–late gradual overlapping aggradations." Three mud interlayers of varied genesis developed in the distributary-mouth bars: foreset inclined layer along the source direction, sideway overlapped layer, and vertically accreted horizontal layer perpendicular to the source. The sideway overlapped layer developed in the proximity of the source, whereas the vertically accreted horizontal layer developed at the lake basin region to the far side. The interlayer thickness of the study area is generally 0.4～1.2 m, with extension less than 300 m.
引文
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[2] MIALL A D. The geology of fluvial deposits:Sedimentary facies, basin analysis&petroleum geology[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1996, 110(1):149-150. doi:10.1016/-S0037-0738(96)00081-4
[3]岳大力,吴胜和,刘建民.曲流河点坝地下储层构型精细解剖方法[J].石油学报,2007, 28(4):99-103. doi:10.7623/syxb200704020YUE Dali, WU Shenghe, LIU Jianmin. An accurate method for anatomizing architecture of subsurface reservoir in point bar of meandering river[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007, 28(4):99-103. doi:10.7623/syxb200704020
[4]刘钰铭,侯加根,王连敏,等.辫状河储层构型分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009, 33(1):7-11.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1673-5005.2009.01.002LIU Yuming, HOU Jiagen, WANG Lianmin, et al. Architecture analysis of braided river reservoir[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), 2009, 33(1):7-11. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1673-5005.-2009.01.002
[5]何文祥,吴胜和,唐义疆,等.河口坝砂体构型精细解剖[J].石油勘探与开发,2005, 32(5):42-46. doi:10.-3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2005.05.009HE Wenxiang, WU Shenghe, TANG Yijiang, et al. Detailed architecture analyses of debouch bar in Shengtuo Oilfield, Jiyang Depression[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Developmen, 2005, 32(5):42-46. doi:10.3321/j.issn:-1000-0747.2005.05.009
[6]邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳,等.大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2008, 82(6):813-825. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.-2008.06.011ZOU Caineng,ZHAO Wenzhi,ZHANG Xingyang,et al.Formation and distribution of shallow water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in large open depression lake Basins[J]. Acta Geological Sinica, 2008, 82(6):813-825.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2008.06.011
[7]张昌民,尹太举,朱永进,等.浅水三角洲沉积模式[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):933-944. doi:10.14027/j.cnki.-cjxb.2010.05.006ZHANG Changmin,YIN Taiju,ZHU Yongjin,et al.Shallow-water deltas and modes[J]. Acta Sedmentologica Sinica, 2010, 28(5):933-944. doi:10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.-2010.05.006
[8]朱筱敏,刘媛,方庆,等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式:以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例[J].地学前缘,2012, 19(1):89-99.ZHU Xiaomin, LIU Yuan, FANG Qing, et al. Formationand sedimentaray model of shallow water delta in largescale lake, example from Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Sanzhao Sag, Songliao Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012, 19(1):89-99.
[9]张新涛,周心怀,李建平,等.敞流沉积环境中“浅水三角洲前缘砂体体系”研究[J].沉积学报,2014, 32(2):260-269.ZHANG Xintao, ZHOU Xinhuai, LI Jianping, et al. Unconfined flow deposits in front sandbodies of shallow water deltaic distributary systems[J]. Acta Sedmentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(2):260-269.
[10]邱隆伟,杨保良,张阳,等.湖泊水位对三角洲前缘主要砂体类型的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区侏罗系延安组剖面为例[J].古地理学报,2016, 18(6):939-950. doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2016.06.071QIU Longwei, YANG Baoliang, ZHANG Yang. Lake level effect on main sandbodies of delta front:A case study from outcrops of the Jurassic Yan'an Formation in Shenmu Area,Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2016,18(6):939-950. doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2016.06.071
[11]李树同,姚宜同,刘志伟,等.姬塬、陕北地区长81浅水三角洲水下分流河道砂体对比研究[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(5):813-822. doi:10.11764/j.issn. 1672-1926.2015.05.0813LI Shutong, YAO Yitong, LIU Zhiwei, et al. Comparative study of underwater distributary channel sandbodies in the shallow-water delta from Chang 81 of Jiyuan and Northern Shaanxi Area[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015,26(5):813-822. doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2015.05.0813
[12]李志鹏,林承焰,董波,等.河控三角洲水下分流河道砂体内部建筑结构模式[J].石油学报,2012, 33(1):101-105. doi:10.7623/syxb201201013LI Zhi Peng,LIN Chengyan,DONG Bo, et al. An internal structure model of subaqueous distributary channel sands of the fluvial-dominated delta[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012, 33(1):101-105. doi:10.7623/syxb201201013
[13]封从军,鲍志东,杨玲,等.三角洲前缘水下分流河道储集层构型及剩余油分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):323-329. doi:10.11698/PED.2014.03.07FENG Congjun, BAO Zhidong, YANG Ling, et al. Reservoir architecture and remaining oil distribution of deltaic front underwater distributary channel[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014, 41(3):323-329. doi:10.11698/PED.2014.03.07
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