阿姆河右岸H区块致密碳酸盐岩储层裂缝综合预测
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摘要
针对阿姆河右岸H区块卡洛夫—牛津阶致密碳酸盐岩储层有效裂缝预测问题,综合应用岩心、成像测井、地震及测试资料,在分析裂缝发育特征的基础上,提出了构造应变模拟与地震体曲率属性相结合的有利裂缝带预测方法。首先由三维构造应变模拟揭示受构造应变分布控制的裂缝发育区,经过分析发现应变强度高的褶皱枢纽带、陡前翼及陡后翼部位的裂缝发育程度(密度、长度与开度)明显优于应变强度低的缓后翼部位;然后通过井震标定优选地震体曲率属性并识别裂缝发育带,建立了构造应变与最大正曲率综合预测裂缝发育情况的方法,并指出高应变区的最大正曲率高值带为最有利的裂缝发育带,可形成优质裂缝型储层;最后根据已钻井资料对预测结果进行了验证,验证结果表明高应变区的最大正曲率高值带储层连通性好且生产压差低,单井产气量高且产水低,证明了该预测方法的有效性。
In view of fracture prediction in Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate reservoir in H Block of Amu Darya Right Bank,Turkmenistan,a method integrating structural strain simulation and seismic volumetric curvature attribute was developed.The method comprehensively used core,image logging,and seismic data,with the analysis of fracture characteristics as a basis.Firstly,the fracture development zone controlled by structural strain distribution was revealed by three-dimensional kinematic modelling.High strain regions such as the fold hinge,steep forelimb,and the steep backlimb,were expected to contain high intensity and long fractures with wide apertures,in contrast to low strain regions such as gentle backlimb.Then well-seismic calibration was adopted to optimize volumetric curvature attributes to identify effective fracture zones,and a comprehensive prediction method was proposed by combining structural strain and maximum positive curvature.It is showed that high value zones of the maximum positive curvature within the high strain regions are the most favorable fracture zones,which can form high-quality fractured reservoirs.Finally,testing on the drilled wells validated that the reservoir with high value zones of the maximum positive curvature within the high strain regions show good reservoir connectivity,low production pressure difference,high gas production in a single well,and low water production,verifying the validity of the proposed method.
In view of fracture prediction in Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate reservoir in H Block of Amu Darya Right Bank,Turkmenistan,a method integrating structural strain simulation and seismic volumetric curvature attribute was developed.The method comprehensively used core,image logging,and seismic data,with the analysis of fracture characteristics as a basis.Firstly,the fracture development zone controlled by structural strain distribution was revealed by three-dimensional kinematic modelling.High strain regions such as the fold hinge,steep forelimb,and the steep backlimb,were expected to contain high intensity and long fractures with wide apertures,in contrast to low strain regions such as gentle backlimb.Then well-seismic calibration was adopted to optimize volumetric curvature attributes to identify effective fracture zones,and a comprehensive prediction method was proposed by combining structural strain and maximum positive curvature.It is showed that high value zones of the maximum positive curvature within the high strain regions are the most favorable fracture zones,which can form high-quality fractured reservoirs.Finally,testing on the drilled wells validated that the reservoir with high value zones of the maximum positive curvature within the high strain regions show good reservoir connectivity,low production pressure difference,high gas production in a single well,and low water production,verifying the validity of the proposed method.
引文
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[7] KHAIR H,COOKE D,HAND M.Paleo stress contribution to fault and natural fracture distribution in the Cooper Basin[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2015,79:31-41
[8] WATKINS H,BUTLER R W H,BOND C E,et al.Influence of structural position on fracture networks in the Torridon Group,Achnashellach fold and thrust belt,NW Scotland[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2015,74:64-80
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[10] BLUMENTRITT C H,MARFURT K,SULLIVAN E C.Volume-based curvature computations illuminate fracture orientations—Early to mid-Paleozoic,Central Basin Platform,west Texas[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):159-166
[11] CHOPRA S,MARFURT K.Volumetric curvature attributes adding value to 3Dseismic data interpretation[J].The Leading Edge,2007,26(7):856-867
[12] GANGULY N,DEARBORN D,MOORE M,et al.Application of seismic curvature attribute in the appraisal of the Tishrine-West field,North-East Syria[J].CSEG Recorder,2009,34(6):29-43
[13]张涛,佘刚,李苗,等.A油田白垩系碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层综合预测技术研究[J].石油物探,2015,54(6):770-779ZHANG T,SHE G,LI M,et al.Multi-disciplinary integration prediction of fractured carbonate reservoir in A Oilfield,Zagros Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(6):770-779
[14]王峣钧,郑多明,李向阳,等.碳酸盐岩裂缝-孔洞型储层缝洞体系综合预测方法及应用[J].石油物探,2014,53(6):727-736WANG Y J,ZHENG D M,LI X Y,et al.The fracturecavern system prediction method and its application in carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(6):727-736
[15]耿福兰.南堡2号潜山碳酸盐岩储层叠前和叠后裂缝综合预测[J].石油物探,2013,52(1):89-96GEN F L.Carbonate reservoir fracture prediction by using pre-stack and post-stack seismic techniques in Nanpu2buried-hill[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(1):89-96
[16]陈明春,徐晟,魏春光.裂缝型碳酸盐岩储层预测技术及海外气田勘探实践[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1660-1665CHEN M C,XU S,WEI C G.Technique of fractured carbonate reservoir prediction and its application in oversea gas field exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(4):1660-1665
[17]陈兆明,朱明,汪瑞良,等.基于构造应力场模拟的碳酸盐岩储层裂缝检测[J].热带海洋学报,2012,31(5):70-73CHEN Z M,ZHU M,WANG R L,et al.Fracture detection in carbonate reservoir using numerical simulation of tectonic stress field[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2012,31(5):70-73
[18] GHOSH K,MITRA S.Structural controls of fracture orientations,intensity,and connectivity,Teton anticline,Sawtooth Range,Montana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(8):995-1014
[19] AWDAL A H,HEALY D,ALSOP G I.Fracture patterns and petrophysical properties of carbonates undergoing regional folding:a case study from Kurdistan,N Iraq[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,71:149-167
[20] AWDAL A H,BRAATHEN A,WENNBERG O P,et al.The characteristics of fracture networks in the Shiranish Formation of the Bina Bawi Anticline:comparison with the Taq Taq Field,Zagros,Kurdistan,NE Iraq[J].Petroleum Geology,2013,19(2):139-155
[21] BARBIER M,HAMON Y,CALLOT J P,et al.Sedimentary and diagenetic controls on the multiscale fracturing pattern of a carbonate reservoir:The Madison Formation(Sheep Mountain,Wyoming,USA)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012,29(11):50-67
[22] CHOPRA S,MARFURT K J.Emerging and future trends in seismic attributes[J].The Leading Edge,2008,27(3):298-318
[23]李智.阿姆河右岸东部山前地质结构与油气聚集[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015LI Z.Geologic structure and hydrocarbon accumulation of eastern foreland in Amu Darya Right Bank[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015
[24]聂明龙,吴蕾,徐树宝,等.阿姆河盆地别什肯特坳陷及其邻区构造成因与勘探意义[J].天然气工业,2013,33(11):45-50NIE M L,WU L,XU S B,et al.Genetic mechanism and exploration significance of tectonic action in the Bieshikent Depression and its adjacent area in the Amu-Darya basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(11):45-50
[25]徐文礼,郑荣才,费怀义,等.土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶沉积相特征[J].中国地质,2012,39(4):954-964XU W L,ZHENG R C,FEI H Y,et al.The sedimentary facies of Callovian-Oxfordian stage in Amu Darya basin,Turkmenistan[J].Geology in China,2012,39(4):954-964
[26]王强,颜雪,徐文礼,等.土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶层序-古地理特征及演化[J].地质与勘探,2014,50(4):795-804WANG Q,YAN X,XU W L,et al.Sequence-paleogeographic characteristics and evolution of Callovian-Oxfordian in Amu Darya basin,Turkmenistan[J].Geology and Exploration,2014,50(4):795-804
[27] UKAR E,OZKUL C,EICHHUBL P.Fracture abundance and strain in folded Cardium Formation,Red Deer River anticline,Alberta Foothills,Canada[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,76:210-230
[28] HUGES A N,SHAW J H.Insights into the mechanics of fault-propagation folding styles[J].GSA Bulletin,2015,127(11/12):1752-1765
[29] EGAN S S,BUDDIN T S,KANE S J,et al.Three-dimensional modelling and visualization in structural geology:New techniques for the restoration and balancing of volumes[J].Electronic Geology(Special Volume),1997:67-82
[30] SUPPE J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].American Journal of Science,1983,283(7):684-721
[31] PRICE N J.Fault and joint development in brittle and semi-brittle rocks[M].London:Pergamon Press,1966:1-176
[32] JAMISON W R.Quantitative evaluation of fractures on Monkshood anticline,a detachment fold in the Foothills of Western Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(7):1110-1132
[33] INIGO J F,LAUBACH S E,HOOKER J N.Fracture abundance and patterns in the Subandean fold and thrust belt,Devonian Huamampampa Formation petroleum reservoirs and outcrops,Argentina and Bolivia[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012,35(1):201-218
[34]王世星.高精度地震曲率体计算技术与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(6):965-972WANG S X.High-precision calculation of seismic volumetric curvature attributes and its applications[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(6):965-972
[35] Al DOSSARY S,MARFURT K J.3-D volumetric multispectral estimates of reflector curvature and rotation[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):41-45
[2] PANZA E,AGOSTA F,RUSTICHELLI A,et al.Fracture stratigraphy and fluid flow properties of shallowwater,tight carbonates:the case study of the Murge Plateau(southern Italy)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,73:350-370
[3] FELICI F,ALEMANNI A,BOUACIDA D,et al.Fractured reservoir modeling:From well data to dynamic flow.Methodology and application to a real case study in Illizi Basin(Algeria)[J].Tectonophysics,2016,690(Part A):117-130
[4] NELSON R A.Geologic analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs[M].2nd ed.Huston:Gulf Professional Publishing,2001:13-20
[5] AMEEN M S,BUHIDMA I M,RAHIM Z.The function of fractures and in-situ stresses in the Khuff reservoir performance,onshore fields,Saudi Arabia[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(1):27-60
[6]吴时国,王秀玲,季玉新,等.3D move构造裂缝预测技术在古潜山的应用研究[J].中国科学D辑,2004,34(9):795-806WU S G,WANG X L,JI Y X,et al.Application of tectonic fracture prediction technique using 3D move in paleo-buried hills[J].Science in China(Series D),2004,34(9):795-806
[7] KHAIR H,COOKE D,HAND M.Paleo stress contribution to fault and natural fracture distribution in the Cooper Basin[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2015,79:31-41
[8] WATKINS H,BUTLER R W H,BOND C E,et al.Influence of structural position on fracture networks in the Torridon Group,Achnashellach fold and thrust belt,NW Scotland[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2015,74:64-80
[9]狄贵东,孙赞东,庞雄奇,等.应力场模拟约束下的碳酸盐岩裂缝综合预测——以塔中地区ZG8井区为例[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):150-156DI G D,SUN Z D,PAN X Q,et al.Comprehensive fracture prediction technology constrained by stress field simulation:a case study from ZG8area of central Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):150-156
[10] BLUMENTRITT C H,MARFURT K,SULLIVAN E C.Volume-based curvature computations illuminate fracture orientations—Early to mid-Paleozoic,Central Basin Platform,west Texas[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):159-166
[11] CHOPRA S,MARFURT K.Volumetric curvature attributes adding value to 3Dseismic data interpretation[J].The Leading Edge,2007,26(7):856-867
[12] GANGULY N,DEARBORN D,MOORE M,et al.Application of seismic curvature attribute in the appraisal of the Tishrine-West field,North-East Syria[J].CSEG Recorder,2009,34(6):29-43
[13]张涛,佘刚,李苗,等.A油田白垩系碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层综合预测技术研究[J].石油物探,2015,54(6):770-779ZHANG T,SHE G,LI M,et al.Multi-disciplinary integration prediction of fractured carbonate reservoir in A Oilfield,Zagros Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(6):770-779
[14]王峣钧,郑多明,李向阳,等.碳酸盐岩裂缝-孔洞型储层缝洞体系综合预测方法及应用[J].石油物探,2014,53(6):727-736WANG Y J,ZHENG D M,LI X Y,et al.The fracturecavern system prediction method and its application in carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(6):727-736
[15]耿福兰.南堡2号潜山碳酸盐岩储层叠前和叠后裂缝综合预测[J].石油物探,2013,52(1):89-96GEN F L.Carbonate reservoir fracture prediction by using pre-stack and post-stack seismic techniques in Nanpu2buried-hill[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(1):89-96
[16]陈明春,徐晟,魏春光.裂缝型碳酸盐岩储层预测技术及海外气田勘探实践[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1660-1665CHEN M C,XU S,WEI C G.Technique of fractured carbonate reservoir prediction and its application in oversea gas field exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(4):1660-1665
[17]陈兆明,朱明,汪瑞良,等.基于构造应力场模拟的碳酸盐岩储层裂缝检测[J].热带海洋学报,2012,31(5):70-73CHEN Z M,ZHU M,WANG R L,et al.Fracture detection in carbonate reservoir using numerical simulation of tectonic stress field[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2012,31(5):70-73
[18] GHOSH K,MITRA S.Structural controls of fracture orientations,intensity,and connectivity,Teton anticline,Sawtooth Range,Montana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(8):995-1014
[19] AWDAL A H,HEALY D,ALSOP G I.Fracture patterns and petrophysical properties of carbonates undergoing regional folding:a case study from Kurdistan,N Iraq[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,71:149-167
[20] AWDAL A H,BRAATHEN A,WENNBERG O P,et al.The characteristics of fracture networks in the Shiranish Formation of the Bina Bawi Anticline:comparison with the Taq Taq Field,Zagros,Kurdistan,NE Iraq[J].Petroleum Geology,2013,19(2):139-155
[21] BARBIER M,HAMON Y,CALLOT J P,et al.Sedimentary and diagenetic controls on the multiscale fracturing pattern of a carbonate reservoir:The Madison Formation(Sheep Mountain,Wyoming,USA)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012,29(11):50-67
[22] CHOPRA S,MARFURT K J.Emerging and future trends in seismic attributes[J].The Leading Edge,2008,27(3):298-318
[23]李智.阿姆河右岸东部山前地质结构与油气聚集[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015LI Z.Geologic structure and hydrocarbon accumulation of eastern foreland in Amu Darya Right Bank[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015
[24]聂明龙,吴蕾,徐树宝,等.阿姆河盆地别什肯特坳陷及其邻区构造成因与勘探意义[J].天然气工业,2013,33(11):45-50NIE M L,WU L,XU S B,et al.Genetic mechanism and exploration significance of tectonic action in the Bieshikent Depression and its adjacent area in the Amu-Darya basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(11):45-50
[25]徐文礼,郑荣才,费怀义,等.土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶沉积相特征[J].中国地质,2012,39(4):954-964XU W L,ZHENG R C,FEI H Y,et al.The sedimentary facies of Callovian-Oxfordian stage in Amu Darya basin,Turkmenistan[J].Geology in China,2012,39(4):954-964
[26]王强,颜雪,徐文礼,等.土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶层序-古地理特征及演化[J].地质与勘探,2014,50(4):795-804WANG Q,YAN X,XU W L,et al.Sequence-paleogeographic characteristics and evolution of Callovian-Oxfordian in Amu Darya basin,Turkmenistan[J].Geology and Exploration,2014,50(4):795-804
[27] UKAR E,OZKUL C,EICHHUBL P.Fracture abundance and strain in folded Cardium Formation,Red Deer River anticline,Alberta Foothills,Canada[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,76:210-230
[28] HUGES A N,SHAW J H.Insights into the mechanics of fault-propagation folding styles[J].GSA Bulletin,2015,127(11/12):1752-1765
[29] EGAN S S,BUDDIN T S,KANE S J,et al.Three-dimensional modelling and visualization in structural geology:New techniques for the restoration and balancing of volumes[J].Electronic Geology(Special Volume),1997:67-82
[30] SUPPE J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].American Journal of Science,1983,283(7):684-721
[31] PRICE N J.Fault and joint development in brittle and semi-brittle rocks[M].London:Pergamon Press,1966:1-176
[32] JAMISON W R.Quantitative evaluation of fractures on Monkshood anticline,a detachment fold in the Foothills of Western Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(7):1110-1132
[33] INIGO J F,LAUBACH S E,HOOKER J N.Fracture abundance and patterns in the Subandean fold and thrust belt,Devonian Huamampampa Formation petroleum reservoirs and outcrops,Argentina and Bolivia[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2012,35(1):201-218
[34]王世星.高精度地震曲率体计算技术与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(6):965-972WANG S X.High-precision calculation of seismic volumetric curvature attributes and its applications[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(6):965-972
[35] Al DOSSARY S,MARFURT K J.3-D volumetric multispectral estimates of reflector curvature and rotation[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):41-45