东濮凹陷沙三段致密砂岩储层裂缝形成机制及对储层物性的影响
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摘要
为探讨东濮凹陷沙三段储层裂缝的发育特征、形成机制、主控因素及其对储层的影响,综合运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、流体包裹体分析等方法对裂缝进行了研究。结果表明:东濮凹陷沙三段储层中发育的裂缝按规模可分为宏观裂缝和微观裂缝两大类,按成因可分为构造缝、超压缝和成岩缝。构造缝走向以NNE向、NE向为主,其形成可分为两期,分别为40～35 Ma沙河街组沉积中后期和25～18 Ma东营组沉积末期。超压缝的形成与膏盐脱水、烃类充注和膏盐层封堵作用有关,形成于33～25 Ma东营组沉积时期。压实作用、溶解作用、收缩作用等成岩作用均可形成微裂缝。裂缝的形成序列为:早期构造缝-压裂缝-溶解缝-超压缝-收缩缝-晚期构造缝-溶解缝-压裂缝;裂缝的发育可以改善储层物性,宏观裂缝主要起渗流作用,微观裂缝既可作为有效的储集空间,又可作为酸性流体流动通道,产生次生孔隙带,提高储层孔隙度。
To gain further insight into the characteristics, origin, main controlling factors of the fractures in the Es~3 sandstone and their influence on the reservoirs of the Dongpu Depression, studies including core overview, thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy and fluid-inclusion analyses were carried out. The results indicate that the fractures can be divided into macrofractures and microfractures according to their sizes, and three genetic types such as tectonic fractures, fractures related to overpressure and diagenetic fractures. The tectonic fractures are mostly NNE and NE striking and formed in 40–35 Ma and 25–18 Ma respectively. The formation of overpressure fractures is related to hydrocarbon filling and dehydration of salt and gypsum, which took place during 33 Ma to 25 Ma. The formation of diagenetic fractures is associated with diagenesis including compaction, dissolution and constriction. The formation sequence of the fractures is: the early tectonic fractures–pressure fractures–dissolving fractures–overpressure fractures– contraction fractures–late tectonic fractures–dissolving fractures–pressure fractures. The fractures can improve the physical property of the reservoir. Indeed, the macrofractures may play an important role in fluid seepage, whereas the microfractures can enhance the pore connectivity and form fluid flow channel and result in dissolution pores zone, and therefore significantly improve the physical property of the reservoir.
To gain further insight into the characteristics, origin, main controlling factors of the fractures in the Es~3 sandstone and their influence on the reservoirs of the Dongpu Depression, studies including core overview, thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy and fluid-inclusion analyses were carried out. The results indicate that the fractures can be divided into macrofractures and microfractures according to their sizes, and three genetic types such as tectonic fractures, fractures related to overpressure and diagenetic fractures. The tectonic fractures are mostly NNE and NE striking and formed in 40–35 Ma and 25–18 Ma respectively. The formation of overpressure fractures is related to hydrocarbon filling and dehydration of salt and gypsum, which took place during 33 Ma to 25 Ma. The formation of diagenetic fractures is associated with diagenesis including compaction, dissolution and constriction. The formation sequence of the fractures is: the early tectonic fractures–pressure fractures–dissolving fractures–overpressure fractures– contraction fractures–late tectonic fractures–dissolving fractures–pressure fractures. The fractures can improve the physical property of the reservoir. Indeed, the macrofractures may play an important role in fluid seepage, whereas the microfractures can enhance the pore connectivity and form fluid flow channel and result in dissolution pores zone, and therefore significantly improve the physical property of the reservoir.
引文
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刘景东,蒋有录.2012.东濮凹陷中央隆起带北部古近系异常高压与油气成藏的关系.天然气工业,32(12):30-36.
刘景东,蒋有录.2013.东濮凹陷北部地区古近系烃源岩热演化特征及其主控因素.中国地质,40(2):498-507.
芦慧,鲁雪松,范俊佳,王喜捍,付晓飞,魏红兴,张宝收.2015.裂缝对致密砂岩气成藏富集与高产的控制作用--以库车前陆盆地东部侏罗系迪北气藏为例.天然气地球科学,26(6):1047-1056.
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苏惠,曲丽萍,张金川,王萍霞,何锋,王敏,王琦,胡玉杰.2006.裂陷盆地构造演化及盆地伸展模式:以东濮凹陷为例.石油与天然气地质,27(1):70-77.
孙波.2010.东濮凹陷北部地区油气成藏动力学研究.青岛:中国石油大学(华东)硕士学位论文:53-56.
唐小梅,曾联波,何永宏,樊建明,许文国,巩磊,李晓英.2012.沉积与成岩作用对姬塬油田超低渗透油层构造裂缝发育的控制作用.石油天然气学报,34(4):21-25.
徐春强,蒋有录,程奇,刘景东.2010.东濮凹陷濮卫洼陷油气成藏期分析.地球科学与环境学报,32(3):257-262.
曾联波.2008.低渗透砂岩储层裂缝的形成与分布.北京:科学出版社:101-105.
赵文韬,侯贵廷,孙雄伟,鞠玮,申银民,任康绪,叶茂林.2013.库车东部碎屑岩层厚和岩性对裂缝发育的影响.大地构造与成矿学,37(4):603-610.
周文.1998.裂缝性油气储集层评价方法.成都:四川科学技术出版社:275-285.
周新桂,张林炎,黄臣军,刘格云,万晓龙,鄢犀利.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地沿河湾探区低渗储层长61构造裂缝主要形成期应力环境判识.现代地质,23(5):843-851.
Brogi A.2011.Variation in fracture patterns in damage zones related to strike-slip faults interfering with pre-existing fractures in sandstone(Calcione area,southern Tuscany,Italy).Journal of Structural Geology,33(4):644-661.
Nelson R A.1985.Geologic Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs.Houston:Gulf Publishing Company:1-26.
Ortega O J,Marrett R A and Loubach S E.2006.A scaleindependent approach to fracture intensity and average spacing measurement.AAPG Bulletin,90(2):193-208.
Zeng L B.2010.Microfracturing in the Upper Triassic Sichuan Basin tight gas sandstones:Tectonic,overpressure and diagenetic origins.AAPG Bulletin,94(12):1811-1825.
Zeng L B,Su H,Tang X M,Peng Y M and Gong L.2013.Fractured tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs:A new play type in the Dongpu depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China.AAPG Bulletin,97(3):363-377.
Zeng L B,Tang X M,Wang T C and Gong L.2012.The influence of fracture cements in tight Paleogene saline lacustrine carbonate reservoirs,Western Qaidam Basin,Northwest China.AAPG Bulletin,96(11):2003-2017.
陈书平,韩煦,黄新文.2016.东濮凹陷古近系伸展褶皱及形成机理.现代地质,40(5):908-918.
程秀申.2009.河南东濮凹陷构造样式分析.现代地质,23(3):414-422.
程岳宏,于兴河,韩宝清,杜海峰,白振华.2010.东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段地球化学特征及地质意义.中国地质,37(2):354-366.
戴俊生,汪必峰,马占荣.2007.脆性低渗透砂岩破裂准则研究.新疆石油地质,28(4):393-395.
巩磊,曾联波,陈树民,高帅,张本健,祖克威,苗凤彬.2016.致密砾岩储层微观裂缝特征及对储层的贡献.大地构造与成矿学,40(1):38-46.
侯贵廷,蔡东升.2001.渤海湾盆地中-新生代构造演化研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版),37(6):845-851.
贾承造,何登发,陆洁民.2004.中国喜马拉雅运动的期次及其动力学背景.石油与天然气地质,25(2):121-125.
鞠玮,侯贵廷,黄少英,任康绪.2013.库车坳陷依南?吐孜地区下侏罗统阿合组砂岩构造裂缝分布预测.大地构造与成矿学,37(4):592-602.
李晓燕.2009.东濮凹陷濮卫洼陷区古近系油气成藏机理研究.青岛:中国石油大学(华东)硕士学位论文:65-69.
刘国平,曾联波,雷茂盛.2016.徐家围子断陷火山岩储层裂缝发育特征及主控因素.中国地质,43(7):329-337.
刘景东,蒋有录.2012.东濮凹陷中央隆起带北部古近系异常高压与油气成藏的关系.天然气工业,32(12):30-36.
刘景东,蒋有录.2013.东濮凹陷北部地区古近系烃源岩热演化特征及其主控因素.中国地质,40(2):498-507.
芦慧,鲁雪松,范俊佳,王喜捍,付晓飞,魏红兴,张宝收.2015.裂缝对致密砂岩气成藏富集与高产的控制作用--以库车前陆盆地东部侏罗系迪北气藏为例.天然气地球科学,26(6):1047-1056.
马鹏杰,张世奇,刘卫彬.2015.濮卫地区沙三段储层成岩环境演化史.大庆石油地质与开发,34(3):16-22.
苏惠,曲丽萍,张金川,王萍霞,何锋,王敏,王琦,胡玉杰.2006.裂陷盆地构造演化及盆地伸展模式:以东濮凹陷为例.石油与天然气地质,27(1):70-77.
孙波.2010.东濮凹陷北部地区油气成藏动力学研究.青岛:中国石油大学(华东)硕士学位论文:53-56.
唐小梅,曾联波,何永宏,樊建明,许文国,巩磊,李晓英.2012.沉积与成岩作用对姬塬油田超低渗透油层构造裂缝发育的控制作用.石油天然气学报,34(4):21-25.
徐春强,蒋有录,程奇,刘景东.2010.东濮凹陷濮卫洼陷油气成藏期分析.地球科学与环境学报,32(3):257-262.
曾联波.2008.低渗透砂岩储层裂缝的形成与分布.北京:科学出版社:101-105.
赵文韬,侯贵廷,孙雄伟,鞠玮,申银民,任康绪,叶茂林.2013.库车东部碎屑岩层厚和岩性对裂缝发育的影响.大地构造与成矿学,37(4):603-610.
周文.1998.裂缝性油气储集层评价方法.成都:四川科学技术出版社:275-285.
周新桂,张林炎,黄臣军,刘格云,万晓龙,鄢犀利.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地沿河湾探区低渗储层长61构造裂缝主要形成期应力环境判识.现代地质,23(5):843-851.
Brogi A.2011.Variation in fracture patterns in damage zones related to strike-slip faults interfering with pre-existing fractures in sandstone(Calcione area,southern Tuscany,Italy).Journal of Structural Geology,33(4):644-661.
Nelson R A.1985.Geologic Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs.Houston:Gulf Publishing Company:1-26.
Ortega O J,Marrett R A and Loubach S E.2006.A scaleindependent approach to fracture intensity and average spacing measurement.AAPG Bulletin,90(2):193-208.
Zeng L B.2010.Microfracturing in the Upper Triassic Sichuan Basin tight gas sandstones:Tectonic,overpressure and diagenetic origins.AAPG Bulletin,94(12):1811-1825.
Zeng L B,Su H,Tang X M,Peng Y M and Gong L.2013.Fractured tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs:A new play type in the Dongpu depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China.AAPG Bulletin,97(3):363-377.
Zeng L B,Tang X M,Wang T C and Gong L.2012.The influence of fracture cements in tight Paleogene saline lacustrine carbonate reservoirs,Western Qaidam Basin,Northwest China.AAPG Bulletin,96(11):2003-2017.