基于线性光谱分离技术的西藏乃东县土地覆被变化监测
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摘要
青藏高原是全球气候变化研究关注的热点地区,也是中国生态保护的重点区域,其土地覆被变化研究对优化土地利用结构、改善土地覆被状况和生态环境具有重要意义。线性光谱分离技术是利用遥感手段监测土地覆被变化的有效方法。本文选取西藏乃东县为研究区,利用1988、2000和2010年三期Landsat TM、ETM遥感影像,采用线性光谱分离技术,定量提取了研究区三期影像中单个像元的植被、裸土、裸岩覆被率比例,同时将植被分量与NDVI结果进行对比分析。结果表明:1研究区山峦重叠,沟谷纵横,地表破碎,混合像元比例高,线性光谱分离技术可以很好地处理复杂地物的土地覆被变化;21988-2010年间,研究区裸土面积下降幅度较大,植被覆盖率及裸岩覆盖率有所上升,说明本区植被得到一定的恢复,但同时石漠化也在进一步加剧;3通过对线性光谱分离的植被分量与NDVI结果比较,发现线性光谱分离技术对青藏高原土地覆被识别具有较好的适用性。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a hotspot area for global climate change research and a key area for ecological protection in China. Land cover change research in this area can significantly contribute to optimizingland use pattern and improving ecological services and natural conditions of the region. Among various methods for land cover change detection, linear spectral unmixing(LSU) is an effective approach to monitor land cover change by using remote sensing technology. In this study, we chose Naidong County in Tibet as the study area and adopted the linear spectral unmixing technology to detect the ratio of vegetation, bare soil, and rock for each pixel of three Landsat TM/ETM images from 1988, 2000, and 2010. The vegetation component of the result was compared with NDVI. The results show that:(1) The study area has high proportion of mixed pixels, and LSU can deal with the complex features of land cover changes effectively.(2) The proportion of bare soil reduced evidently while rock and vegetation coverage increased from1988 to 2010. It proves that vegetation cover had recovered to some degree while rocky desertification expanded rapidly.(3) Through comparing the vegetation component with NDVI we conclude that LSU is applicable for the identification of land cover change of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a hotspot area for global climate change research and a key area for ecological protection in China. Land cover change research in this area can significantly contribute to optimizingland use pattern and improving ecological services and natural conditions of the region. Among various methods for land cover change detection, linear spectral unmixing(LSU) is an effective approach to monitor land cover change by using remote sensing technology. In this study, we chose Naidong County in Tibet as the study area and adopted the linear spectral unmixing technology to detect the ratio of vegetation, bare soil, and rock for each pixel of three Landsat TM/ETM images from 1988, 2000, and 2010. The vegetation component of the result was compared with NDVI. The results show that:(1) The study area has high proportion of mixed pixels, and LSU can deal with the complex features of land cover changes effectively.(2) The proportion of bare soil reduced evidently while rock and vegetation coverage increased from1988 to 2010. It proves that vegetation cover had recovered to some degree while rocky desertification expanded rapidly.(3) Through comparing the vegetation component with NDVI we conclude that LSU is applicable for the identification of land cover change of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
引文
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赵莲,张锦水,胡潭高,等.2011.变端元混合像元分解冬小麦种植面积测量方法[J].国土资源遥感,88(1):66-72.[Zhao L,Zhang J S,Hu T G,et al.2011.The application of the dynamic endmember linear spectral unmixing model to winter wheat area estimation[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,88(1):66-72.]
赵英时,杨立明,陈冬梅,等.2003.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社.[Zhao Y S,Yang L M,Chen D M,et al.2003.The principles and methods for analysis and application of remote sensing[M].Beijing,China:Science Press.]
赵振亮,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,孙倩,等.2014.土壤光谱特征分析及盐渍化信息提取:以新疆渭干河/库车河绿洲为例[J].地理科学进展,33(2):280-288.[Zhao Z L,Tashpolat T,Sun Q,et al.2014.Soil spectrum characteristics and information extraction of salinization:a case study in Weigan-Kuqa oasis in Xinjiang[J].Progress in Geography,33(2):280-288.]
周斌.2000.针对土地覆盖变化的多时相遥感探测方法[J].矿物学报,20(2):165-171.[Zhou B.2000.The multitemporal remote sensing algorithms for detecting land cover change[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,20(2):165-171.]
Hill J,Hostert P,Tsiourlis G,et al.1998.Monitoring 20 years of increased grazing impact on the Greek island of Crete with earth observation satellites[J].Journal of Arid Environments,39(2):165-178.
Ichoku C,Karnieli A.1996.A review of mixture modeling techniques for sub-pixel land cover estimation[J].Remote sensing reviews,13(3-4):161-186.
Lucas N S,Shanmugam S and Barnsley M.2002.Sub-pixel habitat mapping of a costal dune ecosystem[J].Applied Geography,22(3):253-270.
Moran E,Ojima D,Buchmann N,et al.2005.Global land project:science plan and implementation strategy[R].Stockholm,Sweden:IGBP Secretariat.
Müller D,Munroe D K.2014.Current and future challenges in land-use science[J].Journal of Land Use Science,9(2):133-142.
Plaza A,Martín G,Plaza J,et al.2011.Recent developments in endmember extraction and spectral unmixing[M]//Prasad S,et al.Optical remote sensing.Heidelberg&Berlin,Germany:Springer:235-267.
Sabol D E,Gillespie A R,Adams J B,et al.2002.Structural stage in pacific northwest forests estimated using simple mixing models of multispectral images[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,80(1):1-16.
Somers B,Zortea M,Plaza A,et al.2012.Automated extraction of image-based endmember bundles for improved spectral unmixing[J].IEEE Journal of selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,5(2):396-408.
Turner B L,Skole D,Sanderson S,et al.1995.Land use and land cover change science/research plan[R].Stockholm,Sweden:IGBP Secretariat.
曹入尹,陈云浩,黄文江.2008.面向作物病害识别的高光谱波谱库设计与开发[J].自然灾害学报,17(6):73-76.[Cao R Y,Chen Y H,Huang W J.2008.Design and development of hyperspectral library for recognizing disease of crops[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,17(6):73-76.]
兰志明,王清先.2000."八五"时期西藏"一江两河"综合开发效益分析与评价[J].中国藏学,(1):11-25.[Lan Z M,Wang Q X.2000.Analysis and appraise of synthesized effect of the exploitation of"one river and its two branches"river basin of Tibet in the eighth five year plan period[J].China Tibetology,(1):11-25.]
林川,宫兆宁,赵文吉,等.2013.基于光谱特征变量的湿地典型植物生态类型识别方法:以北京野鸭湖湿地为例[J].生态学报,33(4):1172-1185.[Lin C,Gong Z N,Zhao W J,et al.2013.Identifying typical plant ecological types based on spectral characteristic variables:a case study in Wild Duck Lake wetland,Beijing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(4):1172-1185.]
刘珍环,王仰麟,彭建,等.2011.基于不透水表面指数的城市地表覆被格局特征:以深圳市为例[J].地理学报,66(7):961-971.[Liu Z H,Wang Y L,Peng J,et al.2011.Using ISA to analyze the spatial pattern of urban land cover change:a case study in Shenzhen[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,66(7):961-971.]
罗海江.2013.基于卫星遥感的北京城乡植物物候差异[J].地理科学进展,32(10):1463-1469.[Luo H J.2013.Differences in plant phenology between urban and rural areas of Beijing based on satellite-based remote sensing[J].Progress in Geography,32(10):1463-1469.]
马超飞,马建文,布和敖斯尔.2001.USLE模型中植被覆盖因子的遥感数据定量估算[J].水土保持通报,21(4):6-9 .[Ma C F,Ma J W,Buhe A.2001.Quantitative assessment of vegetation coverage factor in USLE model using remote sensing data[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,21(4):6-9.]
万军,蔡运龙.2003.应用线性光谱分离技术研究喀斯特地区土地覆被变化:以贵州省关岭县为例[J].地理研究,22 (4):439-446.[Wan J,Cai Y L.2003.Applying linear spectral unmixing approach to the research of land cover change in karst area:a case in Guanling County of Guizhou Province[J].Geographical Research,22(4):439-446.]
岳跃民,王克林,张兵,等.2008.高光谱遥感在生态系统研究中的应用进展[J].遥感技术与应用,23(4):471-478[Yue Y M,Wang K L,Zhang B,et al.2008.Application of hyperspectral remote sensing in ecosystem:a review[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,23(4)471-478.]
张飞,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,丁建丽,等.2012.塔里木河中游典型绿洲盐渍化土壤的反射光谱特征[J].地理科学进展,31(7):921-932.[Zhang F,Tashpolat T,Ding J L,et al.2012.The study on the reflectance spectral characteristic of salt-affected soil in typical oasis of the middle reaches of Tarim river[J].Progress in Geography,31(7):921-932.]
张志新,邓孺孺,李灏,等.2011.基于混合像元分解的南方地区植被覆盖度遥感监测:以广州市为例[J].国土资源遥感,90(3):88-94.[Zhang Z X,Deng R R,Li H,et al.2011.Remote sensing monitoring of vegetation coverage in southern China based on pixel unmixing:a case study of Guangzhou City[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,90(3):88-94.]
赵莲,张锦水,胡潭高,等.2011.变端元混合像元分解冬小麦种植面积测量方法[J].国土资源遥感,88(1):66-72.[Zhao L,Zhang J S,Hu T G,et al.2011.The application of the dynamic endmember linear spectral unmixing model to winter wheat area estimation[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,88(1):66-72.]
赵英时,杨立明,陈冬梅,等.2003.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社.[Zhao Y S,Yang L M,Chen D M,et al.2003.The principles and methods for analysis and application of remote sensing[M].Beijing,China:Science Press.]
赵振亮,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,孙倩,等.2014.土壤光谱特征分析及盐渍化信息提取:以新疆渭干河/库车河绿洲为例[J].地理科学进展,33(2):280-288.[Zhao Z L,Tashpolat T,Sun Q,et al.2014.Soil spectrum characteristics and information extraction of salinization:a case study in Weigan-Kuqa oasis in Xinjiang[J].Progress in Geography,33(2):280-288.]
周斌.2000.针对土地覆盖变化的多时相遥感探测方法[J].矿物学报,20(2):165-171.[Zhou B.2000.The multitemporal remote sensing algorithms for detecting land cover change[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,20(2):165-171.]
Hill J,Hostert P,Tsiourlis G,et al.1998.Monitoring 20 years of increased grazing impact on the Greek island of Crete with earth observation satellites[J].Journal of Arid Environments,39(2):165-178.
Ichoku C,Karnieli A.1996.A review of mixture modeling techniques for sub-pixel land cover estimation[J].Remote sensing reviews,13(3-4):161-186.
Lucas N S,Shanmugam S and Barnsley M.2002.Sub-pixel habitat mapping of a costal dune ecosystem[J].Applied Geography,22(3):253-270.
Moran E,Ojima D,Buchmann N,et al.2005.Global land project:science plan and implementation strategy[R].Stockholm,Sweden:IGBP Secretariat.
Müller D,Munroe D K.2014.Current and future challenges in land-use science[J].Journal of Land Use Science,9(2):133-142.
Plaza A,Martín G,Plaza J,et al.2011.Recent developments in endmember extraction and spectral unmixing[M]//Prasad S,et al.Optical remote sensing.Heidelberg&Berlin,Germany:Springer:235-267.
Sabol D E,Gillespie A R,Adams J B,et al.2002.Structural stage in pacific northwest forests estimated using simple mixing models of multispectral images[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,80(1):1-16.
Somers B,Zortea M,Plaza A,et al.2012.Automated extraction of image-based endmember bundles for improved spectral unmixing[J].IEEE Journal of selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,5(2):396-408.
Turner B L,Skole D,Sanderson S,et al.1995.Land use and land cover change science/research plan[R].Stockholm,Sweden:IGBP Secretariat.