pH胁迫对不同规格刺参生长及免疫酶活性的影响
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摘要
以大、中、小3种不同规格的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为对象,在pH为7.3、7.5、8.2、8.7、8.9不同环境中养殖30d,观测刺参行为、生长及溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果显示:当pH为7.5、8.7时, 3种不同规格刺参均能正常活动、摄食、生长,未表现出异常状况;若超出此范围,刺参出现粪便细短、残饵增多、摄食量减少等现象,尤其在pH 8.9时,中规格刺参有明显棘刺收缩的现象,小规格刺参不同程度地出现身体收缩、棘刺平滑状态,而大规格刺参无明显表观不适现象。不同pH对3种规格刺参的特定生长率(SGR)有显著影响,随着pH升高或者降低,刺参SGR均逐渐下降,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),规格越小刺参受到抑制作用越大;刺参LZM、SOD、CAT活性随pH胁迫时间的延长呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在第10天时达到最高,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),至30 d胁迫结束时,在pH 7.3、8.9条件下,刺参免疫酶活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而pH为7.5、8.7时,刺参免疫酶活性与对照差异不显著; pH胁迫对不同规格刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响存在差异,在相同胁迫条件下,酶活性依次为大规格>中规格>小规格,当pH7.3、8.9时,小中大规格分别在胁迫20 d、25 d、25 d后免疫酶活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明, pH胁迫会对刺参生长及免疫产生明显的影响,在刺参养殖过程中, pH属关键的理化因子之一,应密切关注其变化。
Effects of different pH(7.3, 7.5, 8.7, and 8.9) stress on growth and the activities of lysozyme(LZM),superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase(CAT) in small-sized [(10.78 ± 0.13) g], medium-sized [(24.35±0.29) g],and large-sized [(51.21±0.45) g] sea cucumbers were analyzed. The results indicated that three different-sized sea cucumbers behaved, fed, and grew as usual under pH 7.5 and 8.7 conditions for 30 days. With deviation from the normal pH level, the sea cucumber showed thinner and shorter feces, increased residue, and reduced food consumption. At pH 8.9, the parapodium of medium-sized sea cucumbers shrank, and some small sea cucumbers appeared to have shrunken bodies and smooth spines. However, no obvious abnormality was observed in large-sized sea cucumbers. Different pH stress levels had significant effects on specific growth rate(SGR) of the three different sizes of sea cucumbers. The SGR of all sea cucumbers decreased as the pH stress increased and was significantly different from the control group. The effect was more significant on small-sized sea cucumbers. The activities of LZM,SOD, and CAT of sea cucumbers in experimental groups initially increased, then decreased, and reached a peak on the 10 th day, being significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.05). After 30 days, the immune enzyme activities of the sea cucumber under pH 7.3 and 8.9 were significantly lower than those of the control(P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between pH 7.5, pH 8.7, and the control group. The effects of pH stress on the activities of immune enzymes of different-sized sea cucumbers were significantly different(P<0.05).The order of sensitivity of the three sizes of sea cucumber under the same pH was large> medium>small(P<0.05).The results indicated that pH stress can significantly affect the growth and immunity function of sea cucumbers.Therefore, as one of the key water factors, pH changes should be considered in sea cucumber aquaculture and should be maintained between 7.5 and 8.7.
Effects of different pH(7.3, 7.5, 8.7, and 8.9) stress on growth and the activities of lysozyme(LZM),superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase(CAT) in small-sized [(10.78 ± 0.13) g], medium-sized [(24.35±0.29) g],and large-sized [(51.21±0.45) g] sea cucumbers were analyzed. The results indicated that three different-sized sea cucumbers behaved, fed, and grew as usual under pH 7.5 and 8.7 conditions for 30 days. With deviation from the normal pH level, the sea cucumber showed thinner and shorter feces, increased residue, and reduced food consumption. At pH 8.9, the parapodium of medium-sized sea cucumbers shrank, and some small sea cucumbers appeared to have shrunken bodies and smooth spines. However, no obvious abnormality was observed in large-sized sea cucumbers. Different pH stress levels had significant effects on specific growth rate(SGR) of the three different sizes of sea cucumbers. The SGR of all sea cucumbers decreased as the pH stress increased and was significantly different from the control group. The effect was more significant on small-sized sea cucumbers. The activities of LZM,SOD, and CAT of sea cucumbers in experimental groups initially increased, then decreased, and reached a peak on the 10 th day, being significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.05). After 30 days, the immune enzyme activities of the sea cucumber under pH 7.3 and 8.9 were significantly lower than those of the control(P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between pH 7.5, pH 8.7, and the control group. The effects of pH stress on the activities of immune enzymes of different-sized sea cucumbers were significantly different(P<0.05).The order of sensitivity of the three sizes of sea cucumber under the same pH was large> medium>small(P<0.05).The results indicated that pH stress can significantly affect the growth and immunity function of sea cucumbers.Therefore, as one of the key water factors, pH changes should be considered in sea cucumber aquaculture and should be maintained between 7.5 and 8.7.
引文
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[2]李成林,胡炜.我国刺参产业发展状况、趋势与对策建议[J].中国海洋经济,2017,(1):3-20.Li Chenglin,Hu Wei.The devoplement situation,trend and suggestions on the Apostichopus japonicus Selenka aquaculture industry of China[J].Marine Economy of China,2017,1:3-20.
[3]常亚青,隋锡林,李俊.刺参增养殖业现状、存在问题与展望[J].水产科学,2006,25(4):198-201.Chang Yaqing,Sui Xilin,Li Jun.The current situation problem and prospect on the Apostichopus japonicus aquaculture[J].Fisheries science,2006,25(4):198-201.
[4]迟爽,曾勇,赵振军,等.刺参养殖池塘的水质变化[J]济南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,27(3):239-244.Chi Shuang,Zeng Yong,Zhao Zhenjun,et al.Variation of water quality in culture ponds for Apostichopus japonicus[J].Journal of University of Jinan(Science and Technology),2013,27(3):239-244.
[5]王芸,李健,李吉涛,等.pH胁迫对中国明对虾抗氧化系统酶活力及基因表达的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(3):556-564.Wang Yun,Li Jian,Li Jitao,et al.Effects of pH stress on antioxidant system enzyme activities and gene expression of Fenneropenaeus chinensis[J].Journal of Fishery Science of China,2011,18(3):556-564.
[6]王双耀,王鑫,姜志强,等.pH值对大菱鲆生长及鱼体生化组成的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2013,33(6):42-46.Wang Shuangyao,Wang Xin,Jiang Zhiqiang,et al.Effects of pH on growth and biochemical indices of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2013,33(6):42-46.
[7]Wen Zhao,Miao Liang,Peng Zhang.Effect of yeast polysaccharide on the immune function of juvenile sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus Selenka under pHstress[J].Aquaculture International,2010,18(5):777-786.
[8]许友卿,张仁珍,丁兆坤.pH对鱼类繁育及生长发育的影响[J].水产科学,2014,33(2):13-136.Xu Youqing,Zhang Renzhen,Ding Zhaokun.Effects of pH on reproduction,growth and development in fish:a review[J].Fisheries science,2014,33(2):13-136.
[9]胡思玉,蔡江燕,赵海涛,等.pH对昆明裂腹鱼幼鱼生存的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(2):389-391.Hu Siyu,Cai Jangyan,Zhao Haitao,et al.Effects of pHon growth of juveniles of Schizothorax grahami[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2014,53(2):389-391.
[10]张林娟,潘鲁青,栾治华.pH变化对日本囊对虾仔虾离子转运酶活力和存活、生长的影响[J].水产学报,2008,32(5):758-764.Zhang Linjuan,Pan Luqing,Luan Zhihua.Effects of pH on ion-rransport enzyme activities and survival,growth if Marspenaeus japonicas postlarvae[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2008,32(5):758-764.
[11]王双耀,毛守康,苗治欧,等.pH对大菱鲆幼鱼平均日增重及鳃纤维结构的影响[J].天津农学院学报,2013,20(4):10-13.Wang Shuangyao,Mao Shoukang,Miao Zhiou,et al.Effects of pH on average daily growth rate and gill microstructure of juvenile Scophthalmus maximus[J].Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University,2013,20(4):10-13.
[12]郑振华,董双林,田相利.pH不同处理时间的周期性变动对凡纳滨对虾生长的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(1):45-51.Zheng Zhenhua,Dong Shuanglin,Tian Xiangli.Effects of cyclic pH with different durations on the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2008,38(1):45-51.
[13]方军,闫茂仓,张炯明,等.pH和氨氮对毛蚶稚贝生长与存活影响的初步研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报,2008,27(3):281-285.Fang Jun,Yan Maochang,Zhang Jiongming,et al.Preliminary studies on the effects of pH and ammonia on growth and survival to Scapharca subcrenata juveniles[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2008,27(3):281-285.
[14]王吉桥,唐黎,许重,等.温度、pH和金属离子对仿刺参蛋白酶活力影响的研究[J].海洋科学,2007,31(11):14-18.Wang Jiqiao,Tang Li,Xu Zhong,et al.Effects of temperature,pH value and metal ions on protease activities in the digestive tract from sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)[J].Marine Sciences,2007,31(11):14-18.
[15]Wong W H,Cheung S G.Feeding behavior of the green mussel,Perna viridis(L.):Responses to variation in seston quantity and quality[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1999,236(2):191-207.
[16]赵斌,胡炜,李成林,等.低盐环境对3种规格刺参幼参生长与消化酶活力的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2015,36(1):91-96.Zhao Bin,Hu Wei,Li Chenglin,et al.The effects of low salinity on the growth and activities of digestive enzymes in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[J].Progress in Fishery Science,2015,36(1):91-96.
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