蒙陕接壤区采煤对白垩系水资源的影响研究
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摘要
为了弄清蒙陕接壤区采煤对白垩系水资源的影响,分别从安定组的岩性和结构特征、各含水层的水文地球化学特征及水力联系、地下水流数值模拟等方面开展了研究。结果表明:安定组地层以泥岩类为主,厚度较厚,分布连续,隔水性能较好;安定组顶与主采煤层之间厚度一般超过200m,主采煤层导水裂隙带发育高度则不超过148.8m,煤层开采不会波及白垩系地层。白垩系含水层与侏罗系含水层水化学特征差异显著,反映了上下含水层水力联系较差。随着煤炭持续开采,采空区面积逐渐增大,矿井涌水量从249.0m~3/h逐渐增加至994.0m~3/h,侏罗系水位下降了超过200m,白垩系和第四系水位则保持稳定。地下水流模拟预测发现,随着煤炭开采,10年后矿井涌水量将逐渐增加至1616.0m~3/h,并基本保持稳定;侏罗系含水层将逐渐形成一个大的降落漏斗,但受安定组隔水关键层作用,白垩系向安定组入渗水量只有矿井涌水量的9.1%,影响极小。总体上,蒙陕接壤区安定组隔水性能较好,阻隔了白垩系与侏罗系的水力联系,且在煤层开采过程中导水裂缝带未波及安定组,起到了隔水关键层作用,能够实现采动条件下对白垩系水资源的有效保护。
In order to make clear the influence of coal mining on water resource in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia contiguous area,we researched several key aspects( e.g.lithology and stratum structure,hydro-geochemical characteristics,hydraulic connection,groundwater numerical simulation of Anding formation).The results showed that Anding formation had very good water resisting capacity; it has lithology of mudstone,large stratigraphic thickness and good stratum continuity.The thickness was generally more than 200 m between Anding formation roof and 3-1 coal seam,but the max height of water flowing fractured zone was 148.8 m,so the influence could not reach Cretaceous aquifer in the process of coal seam mining.Due to obvious difference of hydro-geochemical characteristics,there is poor hydraulic connection between Cretaceous aquifer and Jurassic aquifer.With the mined out area was gradually increasing,water yield of mining increased from 249.0 m~3/h to 994.0 m~3/h gradually,the groundwater level of Jurassic aquifer declined more than 200 m,the water levels of Cretaceous aquifer and Quaternary aquifer remained stable.According to the results of groundwater numerical simulation,water yield of mine will increase from 568.0 m~3/h to 1616.0 m~3/h with coal mining in the next 10 years,and the water yield would keep stable.Although a very large groundwater depression cone would form in Jurassic aquifer,there would be 9.1% of the water yield come from Cretaceous aquifer because of the water resisting key strata of Anding formation.In a word,very good water resisting capacity of Anding formation blocks the hydraulic connection between Cretaceous aquifer and Jurassic aquifer.
In order to make clear the influence of coal mining on water resource in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia contiguous area,we researched several key aspects( e.g.lithology and stratum structure,hydro-geochemical characteristics,hydraulic connection,groundwater numerical simulation of Anding formation).The results showed that Anding formation had very good water resisting capacity; it has lithology of mudstone,large stratigraphic thickness and good stratum continuity.The thickness was generally more than 200 m between Anding formation roof and 3-1 coal seam,but the max height of water flowing fractured zone was 148.8 m,so the influence could not reach Cretaceous aquifer in the process of coal seam mining.Due to obvious difference of hydro-geochemical characteristics,there is poor hydraulic connection between Cretaceous aquifer and Jurassic aquifer.With the mined out area was gradually increasing,water yield of mining increased from 249.0 m~3/h to 994.0 m~3/h gradually,the groundwater level of Jurassic aquifer declined more than 200 m,the water levels of Cretaceous aquifer and Quaternary aquifer remained stable.According to the results of groundwater numerical simulation,water yield of mine will increase from 568.0 m~3/h to 1616.0 m~3/h with coal mining in the next 10 years,and the water yield would keep stable.Although a very large groundwater depression cone would form in Jurassic aquifer,there would be 9.1% of the water yield come from Cretaceous aquifer because of the water resisting key strata of Anding formation.In a word,very good water resisting capacity of Anding formation blocks the hydraulic connection between Cretaceous aquifer and Jurassic aquifer.
引文
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[3]李振宏,董树文,冯胜斌,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中-晚侏罗世构造事件的沉积响应[J].地球学报,2016,36(1):22-30.
[4]候光才.鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地地下水系统及其水循环模式研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.
[5]杨建,赵彩凤.基于工作面顶板疏放水的含水层水力联系研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2015,42(5):84-86.
[6]王德潜,刘祖植,尹立河.鄂尔多斯盆地水文地质特征及地下水系统分析[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(1):6-14.
[7]林学钰,廖资生,赵勇胜,等.现代水文地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.
[8]卫明明,琚宜文.沁水盆地南部煤层气田产出水地球化学特征及其来源[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):629-635.
[9]董维红,苏小四,侯光才,等.鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地地下水矿化度和主要离子浓度的分布规律[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(4):11-16.
[10]缪协兴,浦海,白海波.隔水关键层原理及其在保水采煤中的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(1):1-4.
[11]张国华,王永军,杜向明,等.内蒙古自治区乌审旗呼吉尔特区煤炭详查报告[R].鄂尔多斯:乌审旗国有资产有限责任公司,2006.
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[13]王东东,邵龙义,李智学,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延安组层序地层格架与煤层形成[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2013,43(6):1726-1739.
[14]刘英锋,王世东,王晓蕾.深埋特厚煤层综放开采覆岩导水裂缝带发育特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):1970-1976.
[15]窦妍.鄂尔多斯盆地北部白垩系地下水水文地球化学演化及循环规律研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010.
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