地质地球物理综合解释技术在六盘山盆地的应用
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摘要
六盘山盆地属于典型的黄土塬地貌沉积盆地,地表条件及地下地质情况复杂,导致二维地震资料信噪比低、静校正难度大、资料品质较差、物探综合解释难度大。综合利用地震合成记录、井正演及野外露头开展地层多元综合标定,明确探区内各组系地层顶底反射界面及其地震反射特征;结合野外构造形迹调查,利用重电震联合约束反演进行相互验证,建立了走滑冲断构造解释模型;通过精细速度分析,建立了研究区速度场,运用模型层析变速成图技术准确落实地下构造。在地质与地球物理技术综合应用基础上,预测有利烃源岩展布区带,部署马参1井。该井钻遇了与预测较为吻合的泥岩及暗色泥岩,并在下白垩统李洼峡组见到了良好的油气显示,证实六盘山盆地西南部确实存在成烃成藏的过程,盆地内马东山构造带是下步勘探的重点区带。
Liupanshan basin is a typical loess plateau geomorphic sedimentary basin. The complex surface conditions and underground geological conditions lead to low signal-to-noise ratio of two-dimensional seismic data,great difficulty in static correction,poor data quality,and great difficulty in comprehensive geophysical interpretation.The seismic synthetic records,well forward modeling and field outcrop were used to carry out multivariate comprehensive stratigraphic calibration,and the top and bottom reflection interfaces and seismic reflection characteristics of each formation in the exploration area are clearly defined. At the same time,Combining with the field structural trace investigation and using the combined constrained inversion of gravity,electricity and earthquake to verify each other,the interpretation model of strike-slip thrust structure was established. Through the fine velocity analysis,the velocity field in the study area was established,and the underground structure was accurately implemented by using model tomography variable speed mapping technology. On the basis of comprehensive application of geology and geophysical technology,the distribution zone of favorable source rocks was predicted,and well Macan 1 was deployed. The well encountered mudstones and dark mudstones which were in good agreement with the prediction.Good oil and gas shows were found in the Liwaxia formation of the lower Cretaceous,which confirmed the existence of hydrocarbon accumulation process in the southwestern part of Liupanshan basin. The Madongshan structural belt in the basin is the key area for further exploration.
Liupanshan basin is a typical loess plateau geomorphic sedimentary basin. The complex surface conditions and underground geological conditions lead to low signal-to-noise ratio of two-dimensional seismic data,great difficulty in static correction,poor data quality,and great difficulty in comprehensive geophysical interpretation.The seismic synthetic records,well forward modeling and field outcrop were used to carry out multivariate comprehensive stratigraphic calibration,and the top and bottom reflection interfaces and seismic reflection characteristics of each formation in the exploration area are clearly defined. At the same time,Combining with the field structural trace investigation and using the combined constrained inversion of gravity,electricity and earthquake to verify each other,the interpretation model of strike-slip thrust structure was established. Through the fine velocity analysis,the velocity field in the study area was established,and the underground structure was accurately implemented by using model tomography variable speed mapping technology. On the basis of comprehensive application of geology and geophysical technology,the distribution zone of favorable source rocks was predicted,and well Macan 1 was deployed. The well encountered mudstones and dark mudstones which were in good agreement with the prediction.Good oil and gas shows were found in the Liwaxia formation of the lower Cretaceous,which confirmed the existence of hydrocarbon accumulation process in the southwestern part of Liupanshan basin. The Madongshan structural belt in the basin is the key area for further exploration.
引文
1罗薇,张士万.六盘山盆地中生界地质特征与油气勘探方向[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2007,20(2):12-16Luo Wei,Zhang Shiwan. Mesozoic geological characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration direction in Liupanshan Basin[J]. Journal of Jianghan Petroleum University of Staff and Workers,2007,20(2):12-16
2 章贵松,张军,任军峰,等.六盘山弧形冲断体系构造新认识[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):542-544Zhang Guisong,Zhang Jun,Ren Junfeng,et al. Approach to Liupanshan arc thrust system in Ordos Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(5):542-544
3 汤锡元,郭忠铭,陈荷立,等.陕甘宁盆地西缘逆冲推覆构造及油气勘探[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1992Tang Xiyuan,Guo Zhongming,Chen Heli,et al. Thrust-nappe structure and petroleum exploration in the western margin of the Shan-GanNing Basin[M]. Xi'an:Northwest University Press,1992
4 汤锡元,郭忠铭,王定一.鄂尔多斯盆地西部逆冲推覆构造带特征及其演化与油气勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,1988,9(1):1-10Tang Xiyuan,Guo Zhongming,Wang Dingyi. The characteristics and evolution of the thrust nappe tectonic belt and its petroleum exploration in the west Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,1988,9(1):1-10
5 舒志国.六盘山盆地西缘逆掩推覆构造的发现与油气地质意义[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(3):176-177Shu Zhiguo. Discovery of overridden structure in the southwestern margin of Liupanshan basin and its geologic significance of oil and gas[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2007,29(3):176-177
6 陈孝雄,王友胜,龙国富,等.六盘山盆地西南缘逆冲推覆构造带综合物探研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):399-401Chen Xiaoxiong,Wang Yousheng,Long Guofu,et al. Study of the thrust nappe structure by geophysical exploration in the southwestern margin of Liupanshan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(S A):399-401
7 李昌鸿.六盘山盆地西南缘构造与油气勘探潜力分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,36(3):243-248Li Changhong. Structure and hydrocarbon potential of the southwestern margin in the Liupanshan Basin of China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2009,36(3):243-248
8 郇玉龙,崔红庄,尚应军,等.六盘山盆地构造样式与油气分布[J].海洋地质前言,2011,27(5):31-34Huan Yulong,Cui Hongzhuang,Shang Yingjun,et al. Structural patterns and hydrocarbon distribution in Liupanshan Basin. Marine Geology Frontiers,2011,27(5):31-34
9 环文林,葛民,常向东. 1920年海原8. 5级大地震的多重破裂特征[J].地震学报,1991,13(1):21-30Huan Wenlin,Ge Min,Chang Xiangdong. Multiple rupture characteristics of the 1920 Haiyuan M8(1/2)earthquakes[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,1991,13(1):21-30
10 肖开宇,胡祥云.正演模拟技术在地震解释中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,6(4):459-464Xiao Kaiyu,Hu Xiangyun. Forward seismicmodeling technology in the application of interpretation[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2009,6(4):459-464
11 臧明峰,吴孔友.准噶尔盆地南缘大龙口地区构造建模[J].断块油气田,2009,16(4):11-14Zang Mingfeng,Wu Kongyou. Structure modeling of Dalongkou region in southern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil Gas Field,2009,16(4):11-14
12 夏鲁,刘震,崔红庄,等.二维重力正演在六盘山盆地西南缘构造样式分析中的应用[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(22):183-186Xia Lu,Liu Zhen,Cui Hongzhuang,et al. The application of 2D gravity forward modeling in analyzing the structural pattern of the southwestern margin in Liupanshan basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(22):183-186
13 申安斌,刘建利,陈小龙.重磁电联合反演在银-额盆地勘探中的应用[J].陕西地质,2012,30(1):41-47Shen Anbin,Liu Jianli,Chen Xiaolong. Combined inversion of gravity geomagnetic and electric exploration in the Yin-Er Basin[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2012,30(1):41-47
14 陈学国,相鹏.山前带重磁电震综合构造建模方法在准噶尔盆地哈山地区的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(3):65-74Chen Xueguo,Xiang Peng. Application of gravity magnetic electric and seismic comprehensivegeologic modeling method for piedmont zone of Hala-alate mountain in Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(3):65-74
15 王珊.层速度求取方法及速度谱横向密度对速度场精度的影像[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):355-360Wang Shan. Influeces of interval velocity calculation method and spectrum iateral density on velocity field accuracy[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(2):355-360
16 韩宏伟,崔红庄,赵海华,等.三位速度场建立方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(1):54-56Han Hongwei,Cui Hongzhuang,Zhao Haihua,et al. A method to build up 3D velocity field[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2010,17(1):54-56
17 王玉梅,李东波,马丽芳,等.速度异常分析与构造成图技术研究[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):102-106Wang Yumei,Li Dongbo,Ma Lifang,et al. Analysis of velocity anomaly and structure mapping[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(1):102-106
18 何宗昊,武向峰,侯旭波,等.银川盆地古近系清水营组烃源岩预测方法研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(27):6840-6845He Zonghao,Wu Xiangfeng,Hou Xubo,et al. Research on source rock prediction method for Paleogene Qingshuiying Group of Yinchuan Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(27):6840-6845
19 郑丹,赵海华.六盘山盆地南部白垩系油气成藏条件分析[J].石油地质与工程,2016,30(4):48-49Zheng Dan,Zhao Haihua. Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions analysis of Cretaceous reservoirs in southern Liupanshan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2016,30(4):48-49
20 刘运黎,汤玉平.青藏高原东北缘六盘山盆地烃源岩的地球化学特征[J].地质通报,2007,26(4):483-488Liu Yunli,Tang Yuping. Geochemistry of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Liupanshan Basin at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(4):483-488
21 谢青,杨兴科,江宽.六盘山盆地西南缘构造特征及盆地油气有利区预测[J].地质找矿论丛,2015,30(4):560-566Xie Qing,Yang Xingke,Jiang Kuan. Structural characteristics of southwestern marlin of the Liupanshan basin and the potential oil and gas area prediction[J]. Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2015,30(4):560-566
2 章贵松,张军,任军峰,等.六盘山弧形冲断体系构造新认识[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):542-544Zhang Guisong,Zhang Jun,Ren Junfeng,et al. Approach to Liupanshan arc thrust system in Ordos Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(5):542-544
3 汤锡元,郭忠铭,陈荷立,等.陕甘宁盆地西缘逆冲推覆构造及油气勘探[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1992Tang Xiyuan,Guo Zhongming,Chen Heli,et al. Thrust-nappe structure and petroleum exploration in the western margin of the Shan-GanNing Basin[M]. Xi'an:Northwest University Press,1992
4 汤锡元,郭忠铭,王定一.鄂尔多斯盆地西部逆冲推覆构造带特征及其演化与油气勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,1988,9(1):1-10Tang Xiyuan,Guo Zhongming,Wang Dingyi. The characteristics and evolution of the thrust nappe tectonic belt and its petroleum exploration in the west Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,1988,9(1):1-10
5 舒志国.六盘山盆地西缘逆掩推覆构造的发现与油气地质意义[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(3):176-177Shu Zhiguo. Discovery of overridden structure in the southwestern margin of Liupanshan basin and its geologic significance of oil and gas[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2007,29(3):176-177
6 陈孝雄,王友胜,龙国富,等.六盘山盆地西南缘逆冲推覆构造带综合物探研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):399-401Chen Xiaoxiong,Wang Yousheng,Long Guofu,et al. Study of the thrust nappe structure by geophysical exploration in the southwestern margin of Liupanshan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(S A):399-401
7 李昌鸿.六盘山盆地西南缘构造与油气勘探潜力分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,36(3):243-248Li Changhong. Structure and hydrocarbon potential of the southwestern margin in the Liupanshan Basin of China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2009,36(3):243-248
8 郇玉龙,崔红庄,尚应军,等.六盘山盆地构造样式与油气分布[J].海洋地质前言,2011,27(5):31-34Huan Yulong,Cui Hongzhuang,Shang Yingjun,et al. Structural patterns and hydrocarbon distribution in Liupanshan Basin. Marine Geology Frontiers,2011,27(5):31-34
9 环文林,葛民,常向东. 1920年海原8. 5级大地震的多重破裂特征[J].地震学报,1991,13(1):21-30Huan Wenlin,Ge Min,Chang Xiangdong. Multiple rupture characteristics of the 1920 Haiyuan M8(1/2)earthquakes[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,1991,13(1):21-30
10 肖开宇,胡祥云.正演模拟技术在地震解释中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,6(4):459-464Xiao Kaiyu,Hu Xiangyun. Forward seismicmodeling technology in the application of interpretation[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2009,6(4):459-464
11 臧明峰,吴孔友.准噶尔盆地南缘大龙口地区构造建模[J].断块油气田,2009,16(4):11-14Zang Mingfeng,Wu Kongyou. Structure modeling of Dalongkou region in southern margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Fault-Block Oil Gas Field,2009,16(4):11-14
12 夏鲁,刘震,崔红庄,等.二维重力正演在六盘山盆地西南缘构造样式分析中的应用[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(22):183-186Xia Lu,Liu Zhen,Cui Hongzhuang,et al. The application of 2D gravity forward modeling in analyzing the structural pattern of the southwestern margin in Liupanshan basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(22):183-186
13 申安斌,刘建利,陈小龙.重磁电联合反演在银-额盆地勘探中的应用[J].陕西地质,2012,30(1):41-47Shen Anbin,Liu Jianli,Chen Xiaolong. Combined inversion of gravity geomagnetic and electric exploration in the Yin-Er Basin[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2012,30(1):41-47
14 陈学国,相鹏.山前带重磁电震综合构造建模方法在准噶尔盆地哈山地区的应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(3):65-74Chen Xueguo,Xiang Peng. Application of gravity magnetic electric and seismic comprehensivegeologic modeling method for piedmont zone of Hala-alate mountain in Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(3):65-74
15 王珊.层速度求取方法及速度谱横向密度对速度场精度的影像[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):355-360Wang Shan. Influeces of interval velocity calculation method and spectrum iateral density on velocity field accuracy[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(2):355-360
16 韩宏伟,崔红庄,赵海华,等.三位速度场建立方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(1):54-56Han Hongwei,Cui Hongzhuang,Zhao Haihua,et al. A method to build up 3D velocity field[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2010,17(1):54-56
17 王玉梅,李东波,马丽芳,等.速度异常分析与构造成图技术研究[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):102-106Wang Yumei,Li Dongbo,Ma Lifang,et al. Analysis of velocity anomaly and structure mapping[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(1):102-106
18 何宗昊,武向峰,侯旭波,等.银川盆地古近系清水营组烃源岩预测方法研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(27):6840-6845He Zonghao,Wu Xiangfeng,Hou Xubo,et al. Research on source rock prediction method for Paleogene Qingshuiying Group of Yinchuan Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(27):6840-6845
19 郑丹,赵海华.六盘山盆地南部白垩系油气成藏条件分析[J].石油地质与工程,2016,30(4):48-49Zheng Dan,Zhao Haihua. Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions analysis of Cretaceous reservoirs in southern Liupanshan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2016,30(4):48-49
20 刘运黎,汤玉平.青藏高原东北缘六盘山盆地烃源岩的地球化学特征[J].地质通报,2007,26(4):483-488Liu Yunli,Tang Yuping. Geochemistry of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Liupanshan Basin at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(4):483-488
21 谢青,杨兴科,江宽.六盘山盆地西南缘构造特征及盆地油气有利区预测[J].地质找矿论丛,2015,30(4):560-566Xie Qing,Yang Xingke,Jiang Kuan. Structural characteristics of southwestern marlin of the Liupanshan basin and the potential oil and gas area prediction[J]. Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2015,30(4):560-566
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