基于地基激光数据的杨树干形分析
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摘要
利用地基激光扫描技术采集泗洪陈圩林场36块样地1 927株杨树的点云数据,通过软件RiSCAN Pro对数据进行预处理。用K均值聚类对点云数据进行林木定位分割,并提取了树木胸径、树高等测树因子,通过公式计算出4种干形参数(胸高形数、形率、高径比和形高),用SPSS软件基于4种不同造林密度由高到低(株行距配置3 m×8 m、5 m×5 m、4.5 m×8 m、6 m×6 m)对4种干形参数进行差异分析,还对干形参数进行了模型研建,主要研究结果如下:1)不同造林密度对胸高形数、形率、高径比、形高有显著影响。胸高形数、形率和高径比随密度的增大而增大,形高则随密度增大而减小,即高密度林分的树干干形更为饱满,低密度树干干形尖削。2)指数方程是胸高形数与形率关系的最优模型,适用性检验精度高,达到99.12%,模型表达式为:f1.3=0.223*exp(1.025*q2),可应用于胸高形数的预测,为分析杨树干形参数提供参考。
In this study, the point cloud data of 1 927 poplars in 36 plots of Chenwei forest farm in Sihong were collected by using Terrestrial Laser Scan(TSL), the data is pre-processed by software RiSCAN Pro. K-means clustering method was used for extracting tree trunk through point cloud data, we also extracted the diameter and height parameters of the tree, 4 kinds of stem form parameters(form factor, form quotient, height-diameter ratio and form height) are calculated by formula. Using SPSS software to analyze the variance on4 kinds of stem form paraments based on four different planting densities from high to low(plant row spacing 3 m*8 m,5 m*5 m, 4.5 m*8 m, 6 m*6 m), the models of stem form parament was also built, The main results are as follows: 1) different planting densities have asignificant impact on the form factor, form quotient, height-diameter ratio and form height. As the density increases, the form factor,form quotient and height-diameter ratio increases while the form height decreases. In a word, the stem form for high-density is straighter and low-density is relative taper; 2) the exponential equation is the optimal model of the relationship between form factor and form quotient, it has a high accuracy of applicability test which achieves 99.12%,the model expression is f1.3=0.223*exp(1.025*q2) which could be applied to predict form factor and provide a reference for analyzing the parameters of Poplar stem form.
In this study, the point cloud data of 1 927 poplars in 36 plots of Chenwei forest farm in Sihong were collected by using Terrestrial Laser Scan(TSL), the data is pre-processed by software RiSCAN Pro. K-means clustering method was used for extracting tree trunk through point cloud data, we also extracted the diameter and height parameters of the tree, 4 kinds of stem form parameters(form factor, form quotient, height-diameter ratio and form height) are calculated by formula. Using SPSS software to analyze the variance on4 kinds of stem form paraments based on four different planting densities from high to low(plant row spacing 3 m*8 m,5 m*5 m, 4.5 m*8 m, 6 m*6 m), the models of stem form parament was also built, The main results are as follows: 1) different planting densities have asignificant impact on the form factor, form quotient, height-diameter ratio and form height. As the density increases, the form factor,form quotient and height-diameter ratio increases while the form height decreases. In a word, the stem form for high-density is straighter and low-density is relative taper; 2) the exponential equation is the optimal model of the relationship between form factor and form quotient, it has a high accuracy of applicability test which achieves 99.12%,the model expression is f1.3=0.223*exp(1.025*q2) which could be applied to predict form factor and provide a reference for analyzing the parameters of Poplar stem form.
引文
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[10]刘鲁霞,庞勇,李增元,等.用地基激光雷达提取单木结构参数--以白皮松为例[J].遥感学报,2014,18(2):365-377.
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[13]梁子瑜,孙圆,梁欣廉,等.基于地面激光扫描仪的树干削度方程提取[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(5):6-10.
[14]TANSEY K,SELMES N,ANSTEE A,et al.Estimating tree and stand variables in a Corsican Pine woodland from terrestrial laser scanner data[J].International journal of remote sensing,2009,30(19):5195-5209.
[15]SUN Y,LIANG X,LIANG Z,et al.Deriving Merchantable Volume in Poplar through a Localized Tapering Function from Non-Destructive Terrestrial Laser Scanning[J].Forests,2016,7(4):87.
[16]李广云,李明磊,王力,等.地面激光扫描点云数据预处理综述[J].测绘通报,2015(11):1-3.
[17]孟宪宇,佘光辉,李凤日,等.测树学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[18]钟全林,黄志强,胡松竹,等.刨花楠干形结构分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2002,24(2):232-236.
[19]曾伟生.全国立木生物量方程建模方法研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011.
[2]NEWNHAM G J,ARMSTON J D,CALDER S K,et al.Terrestrial laser scanning for plot-scale forest measurement[J].Current Forestry Reports,2015,1(4):239-251.
[3]陈宗铸,杨琦,雷金睿,等.基于激光雷达数据的热带森林冠高模型生成及平均树高估计[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(7):1-7.
[4]邢艳秋,尤号田,霍达,等.小光斑激光雷达数据估测森林树高研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(2):29-34.
[5]赵丽琼,张晓丽,孙红梅.激光雷达数据在森林参数获取中的应用[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(2):61-64.
[6]GATZIOLIS D,POPESCU S,SHERIDAN R,et al.Evaluation of terrestrial LiDAR technology for the development of local tree volume equations[C].Silvilaser 2010-The International Conference on Lidar Applications for Assessing Forest Ecosystems,2010.
[7]邓向瑞,冯仲科,罗旭.三维激光扫描系统在林业中的应用研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(2):43-47.
[8]冯仲科,罗旭.基于三维激光扫描成像系统的树冠生物量研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(增刊):52-56.
[9]冯仲科,杨伯钢,罗旭,等.应用LIDAR技术预测林分蓄积量[J].北京林业大学学报,2007(增刊):45-51.
[10]刘鲁霞,庞勇,李增元,等.用地基激光雷达提取单木结构参数--以白皮松为例[J].遥感学报,2014,18(2):365-377.
[11]罗旭,程承旗.基于三维激光扫描成像系统的树木干曲线的分形特征[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(5):401-405.
[12]郜昌建.不同杨树林分密度测树因子分析及材积表研制[D].南京:南京林业大学,2017.
[13]梁子瑜,孙圆,梁欣廉,等.基于地面激光扫描仪的树干削度方程提取[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(5):6-10.
[14]TANSEY K,SELMES N,ANSTEE A,et al.Estimating tree and stand variables in a Corsican Pine woodland from terrestrial laser scanner data[J].International journal of remote sensing,2009,30(19):5195-5209.
[15]SUN Y,LIANG X,LIANG Z,et al.Deriving Merchantable Volume in Poplar through a Localized Tapering Function from Non-Destructive Terrestrial Laser Scanning[J].Forests,2016,7(4):87.
[16]李广云,李明磊,王力,等.地面激光扫描点云数据预处理综述[J].测绘通报,2015(11):1-3.
[17]孟宪宇,佘光辉,李凤日,等.测树学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[18]钟全林,黄志强,胡松竹,等.刨花楠干形结构分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2002,24(2):232-236.
[19]曾伟生.全国立木生物量方程建模方法研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011.