大丰麋鹿种群密度制约及资源化潜力初探
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摘要
麋鹿自古就是珍贵的药用生物资源,其茸、角、血、肉等均为我国传统名贵中药。麋鹿是国家一级保护动物。自我国重新引入以来,大丰麋鹿种群不断繁殖壮大,数量从1986年的39头,增长到2018年的4556头。但是,目前其受到种群密度的制约、生境退化和潜在传染病暴发威胁,影响了麋鹿种群的健康发展。笔者通过系统分析麋鹿药用资源的保护现状,结合已开展的麋鹿生物学科学研究,综合分析麋鹿资源保护和利用的可行性,既能有效缓解保护区种群密度制约问题,又能推动中医医药事业和麋鹿繁育保护事业的快速发展。
As a precious Chinese medicinal resources, the antler, bone, flesh, and blood of Elaphurus davidianus(Milu) were used for over 2000 years in Chinese medicine. As a protected animal at the national level, the population of Dafeng Milu has been growing steadily since the reintroduction of Milu in China. The number increased from 39 in 1986 to 4556 in 2018.However, The population of Milu was restricted by population density. The habitat began to degenerate, the possibility of disease outbreak increased, which threatened the healthy reproduction of Milu population. Base on analysis of the development and conservation of the Milu resources, the theoretical of the Milu biological resources was researched scientifically. The protection and utilization of the Milu resources was considered comprehensively. It could not only solve the problem of the density restriction effectively in Dafeng Milu Reserve, but also promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and Milu conservation.
As a precious Chinese medicinal resources, the antler, bone, flesh, and blood of Elaphurus davidianus(Milu) were used for over 2000 years in Chinese medicine. As a protected animal at the national level, the population of Dafeng Milu has been growing steadily since the reintroduction of Milu in China. The number increased from 39 in 1986 to 4556 in 2018.However, The population of Milu was restricted by population density. The habitat began to degenerate, the possibility of disease outbreak increased, which threatened the healthy reproduction of Milu population. Base on analysis of the development and conservation of the Milu resources, the theoretical of the Milu biological resources was researched scientifically. The protection and utilization of the Milu resources was considered comprehensively. It could not only solve the problem of the density restriction effectively in Dafeng Milu Reserve, but also promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and Milu conservation.
引文
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[25]王晓松,唐超,马泽芳,等.不同生理时期东北梅花鹿血液SOD含量分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(2):267-271.
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[27]胡圣爱,阎辉,宋胜利复方鹿血冻干粉抗缺氧抗疲劳作用的实验研究[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2006,16(3)1555-1556.
[28]任建东,施用晖,马立芹,等.酶解鹿茸血ACE抑制活性及其与抗氧化活性关系的研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2010(1):37-40.
[29]季中梅,赵旭彤,赵岩.鹿肉的营养价值与加工研究进展[J].肉类研究,2013,27(2):32-36.
[30]周新乐.马鹿及其药用价值[J].生物学教学,1987(1):19-20.
[31]李秋玲.梅花鹿肉营养价值及肉质评价方法研究进展[J].经济动物学报,2005,9(1):54-56.
[32]陈晓燕,张敏.高蛋白营养型鹿肉精粉的研制[J].食品科技,2003(4):28-30.
[33]刘洋,赵文静,孙敏.鹿鞭的药理研究与临床应用展望[J].中医药信息,2007(1):24-25.
[34]代婷婷,高晓晨,吴海燕,等.鞭类药材的化学成分和生物活性研究进展[J].中国现代中药,2014,16(12):1039-1042.
[35]刘洋,赵文静,孙敏.鹿鞭的药理研究与临床应用展望[J].中医药信息,2007(1):24-25.
[36] LI Chunwang,JIANG Zhigang,ZENG Yan,et al. A note on environmental elements as essentialprerequisites for behavioral expression:A case study of Père David’s deer[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2007,103(2):174-180.
[2]刘佳,赵海平,李春义.鹿茸成分研究进展[J].特产研究,2016,38(4):50-54.
[3] TSENG Sung-Hui,SUNG Chun-Hsien,CHEN Lih-Geeng,et al.Comparison of chemical compositions and osteoprotective effects of different sections of velvet antler[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2014,151(1):352.
[4] LU Chunmei,WANG Mingtai,MU Jun,et al. Simultaneous determination of eighteen steroid hormones in antler velvet by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Food Chem,2013,141(3):1796.
[5]李春燕,卢春梅,齐燕飞,等.鹿茸中18种性激素的提取技术研究[J].分子科学报,2016,32(2):123.
[6]刘佳,赵海平,杨万云,等.梅花鹿和马鹿鹿茸尖部与基部水溶性成分含量测定[J].时珍国医国药,2017,28(3):567-569.
[7] YUAN Baodong,WANG Libo,XIE Shengbin,et al.Density dependence affect demographic parameters:A case studied of captive and wild Père David's deer. Biology and Environment:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy,2017,117(3):139-144.
[8]宗颖,张辉,牛晓晖,等.梅花鹿茸生物碱类成分及其对小鼠脾细胞增殖的影响[J].中药材,2014,37(5):752
[9]张微,张振秋,李瑞海,等.马鹿茸不同分子量肽段中水解及游离氨基酸的含量分析[J].中华中医药学刊,2017,35(8):2039-2042.
[10]王燕华,张秀莲,赵卉,等.不同加工方式对鹿茸中粗蛋白与水解氨基酸量的影响研究[J].中草药,2017,48(15):3085-3091.
[11]张嵩,李峰,不同规格鹿茸商品药材中氨基酸含量分析[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(12):1919.
[12]李春旺,蒋志刚,曾岩,等.麋鹿茸与梅花鹿茸、黏鹿茸雌二醇含量比较[J].东物学报,2003,49(1):124-127.
[13]俞青芬,吴启勋.三种鹿茸中无机宏量及微量元素的综合评价[J].西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,2008,34(5):978-981.
[14]胡太超,刘玉敏,陶荣珊,等.鹿茸的化学成分及药理作用研究概述[J].经济动物学报,2015,19(3):156-162.
[15]曹谷珍,张德昌,唐兆仪,等.麋鹿角的生药学研究[J].南京中医药大学学报,1998,14(2):91.
[16]张德昌,曹谷珍,唐兆仪,等.麋鹿角与鹿角的生药学比较[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2001,8(5):36.
[17]牛放,赵雨,杨菲,等.梅花鹿鹿角脱盘提取物抗疲劳作用研究[J].食品科技,2011,36(11):218-220.
[18]崔丽,王宜,董崇田,等.鹿血清对老龄大鼠抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].中国老年学杂志,1995,15(1):44.
[19]董崇田,崔丽,李淑莲,等.鹿血清对大鼠血清LPO和SOD的影响[J].白求恩医科大学学报,1992,18(1):45-46.
[20]赵文爱,胡圣爱,王伯霞.复方鹿血冻干粉对丝光绿蝇寿命的影响[J].辽宁中医学院学报,2005,7(1):73.
[21]孙磊,贾俊梅,李秀珍,等.鹿血中微量元素对人体健康的作用[J].广东微量元素科学报,2000,7(4):39-40.
[22]韦旭斌,李进国,夏尊平.鹿外周静脉血的成分研究[J].特产研究,2001(2):19-22.
[23] Baroni F,Protano G,Ri ccobono F. Chapter 19 Essential and toxic elements in roe deer blood(Siena County,It aly)[J].Trace Metals in the Environment,2000(4):485-505.
[24]韩淑芳,邵志强,吴双福.鹿血口服液对肾阳虚和抗应激药理研究[J].中国林副特产,2002(2):8-9.
[25]王晓松,唐超,马泽芳,等.不同生理时期东北梅花鹿血液SOD含量分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(2):267-271.
[26]胡圣爱,王册,耿志辉,等.复方鹿血冻干粉免疫调节作用的研究[J].河北医药,2003,25(10):732.
[27]胡圣爱,阎辉,宋胜利复方鹿血冻干粉抗缺氧抗疲劳作用的实验研究[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2006,16(3)1555-1556.
[28]任建东,施用晖,马立芹,等.酶解鹿茸血ACE抑制活性及其与抗氧化活性关系的研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2010(1):37-40.
[29]季中梅,赵旭彤,赵岩.鹿肉的营养价值与加工研究进展[J].肉类研究,2013,27(2):32-36.
[30]周新乐.马鹿及其药用价值[J].生物学教学,1987(1):19-20.
[31]李秋玲.梅花鹿肉营养价值及肉质评价方法研究进展[J].经济动物学报,2005,9(1):54-56.
[32]陈晓燕,张敏.高蛋白营养型鹿肉精粉的研制[J].食品科技,2003(4):28-30.
[33]刘洋,赵文静,孙敏.鹿鞭的药理研究与临床应用展望[J].中医药信息,2007(1):24-25.
[34]代婷婷,高晓晨,吴海燕,等.鞭类药材的化学成分和生物活性研究进展[J].中国现代中药,2014,16(12):1039-1042.
[35]刘洋,赵文静,孙敏.鹿鞭的药理研究与临床应用展望[J].中医药信息,2007(1):24-25.
[36] LI Chunwang,JIANG Zhigang,ZENG Yan,et al. A note on environmental elements as essentialprerequisites for behavioral expression:A case study of Père David’s deer[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2007,103(2):174-180.