地下水深循环研究进展
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摘要
对自然界中地下水深循环的研究进展进行了综述。西藏内流区的湖泊与河流存在渗漏,水量呈现出巨大的不平衡,估算每年通过渗漏流出西藏高原的地下水超过了1 000亿m3;与此同时,中国北方的地下水也呈现出极大的不平衡,降水量较少的火山与裂谷地区有大量的泉水涌出形成了河流与湖泊,内蒙古高原与东北地区的河流与湖泊在北东方向上呈现出串珠状的分布。通过对长白山天池地下水补给源区的各项分析确定,补给天池的地下水来自于外源水,能够同时满足补给源区高程、降水同位素、渗漏等特征条件的地区只有西藏内流区。北方地下水中的锶、氦同位素特征关系揭示了深循环地下水与地幔玄武岩等发生了水岩反应。贝加尔与山西裂谷地区中地壳高导低速层可能是深循环地下水的导水通道,玄武岩孔洞构成了导水构造。深循环水在火山及裂谷附近向地表排泄形成河流与湖泊,河流源头附近的地温梯度偏低。西藏内流区的渗漏水通过深循环方式补给内蒙古高原、鄂尔多斯、阿拉善、华北平原、东北平原、贝加尔湖、东海、南海等地区,地下水的年龄自西向东呈增加趋势,一般在20~40 a之间。
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau,the water resources present a huge imbalance,lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile,the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas,where the precipitation is very small,have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains,it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude,isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways,wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas,springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau,Ordos,Alashan,North China Plain,Northeast China Plain,Lake Baikal,the East China Sea,South China Sea,etc. The age of groundwater is increasing,from west to east,generally between 20 ~ 40 a.
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau,the water resources present a huge imbalance,lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile,the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas,where the precipitation is very small,have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains,it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude,isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways,wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas,springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau,Ordos,Alashan,North China Plain,Northeast China Plain,Lake Baikal,the East China Sea,South China Sea,etc. The age of groundwater is increasing,from west to east,generally between 20 ~ 40 a.
引文
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