海洋酸化对海水青鳉性别分化的影响
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摘要
以海水青鳉作为研究对象,研究海洋酸化对其性别分化的影响。将刚受精的受精卵置于对照组(CO_2浓度为480×10~(-6))和2个处理组(CO_2浓度分别为1 000×10~(-6)和2 000×10~(-6))的水体中,直到孵化出膜。将出膜后仔鱼饲养在对照组水体中至性成熟,然后通过形态学、组织学和遗传学方法,对每一尾实验鱼进行表现型和基因型的性别鉴定。经形态学判断,发现酸化处理组的雄雌比例显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。经形态学观察其第二性征和遗传学性别判断,对照组的青鳉从孵化到性成熟的个体中并未出现基因型和表现型性别不一致的个体,而在2个酸化处理组中,均有基因型为XX而表现型为雄性的个体,即性逆转雄性,性逆转率分别为38.4%和47.5%。
In this study,the effect of ocean acidification on sex differentation of marine medaka was studied.Fertilized eggs were incubated at three concentrations of CO_2(480 × 10~(-6),1 000 × 10~(-6) and 2 000 × 10~(-6))and after hatching,the fry were bred under control condition(480 × 10~(-6)) until adulthood.Phenotypic sex was judged from secondary sexual characteristics.The ratio of male to female in two treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.01).Genotypic sex was determined by the presence or absence of the DMY gene.In the control group,phenotypic sex completely agreed with genotypic sex.However,in two treatment groups,there are some phenotypical males but genotypic female,which is sexreversed XX male.The sex reversal rate was 38.4% and 47.5% at 1 000 × 10~(-6) and 2 000 × 10~(-6) concentration of CO_2,respectively.
In this study,the effect of ocean acidification on sex differentation of marine medaka was studied.Fertilized eggs were incubated at three concentrations of CO_2(480 × 10~(-6),1 000 × 10~(-6) and 2 000 × 10~(-6))and after hatching,the fry were bred under control condition(480 × 10~(-6)) until adulthood.Phenotypic sex was judged from secondary sexual characteristics.The ratio of male to female in two treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.01).Genotypic sex was determined by the presence or absence of the DMY gene.In the control group,phenotypic sex completely agreed with genotypic sex.However,in two treatment groups,there are some phenotypical males but genotypic female,which is sexreversed XX male.The sex reversal rate was 38.4% and 47.5% at 1 000 × 10~(-6) and 2 000 × 10~(-6) concentration of CO_2,respectively.
引文
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[26]KWON J Y,HAGHPANAH V,KOGSON-HURTADO L M,et al.Masculinization of genetic female Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)by dietary administration of an aromatase inhibitor during sexual differentiation[J].The Journal of Experimental Zoology,2000,287(1):46-53.
[27]D'COTTA H,FOSTIER A,GUIGUEN Y,et al.Aromatase plays a key role during normal and temperature-induced sex differentiation of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus[J].Molecular Reproduction&Development,2001,59(3):265-276.
[28]王晓杰,宋佳坤,范纯新,等.海洋酸化对鱼类感觉和行为影响的研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(6):13-20.WANG X J,SONG J K,FAN C X,et al.Impacts of ocean acidification on sensory system and behavior in marine fish[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2015,10(6):13-20.
[2]HOEGH-GULDBERG O,MUMBY P J,HOOTEN A J,et al.Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification[J].Science,2007,318(5857):1737-1742.
[3]SABINE C L,FEELY R A,GRUBER N,et al.The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2[J].Science,2004,305(5682):367-371.
[4]CALDEIRA K,WICKETT M E.Oceanography:anthropogenic carbon and ocean p H[J].Nature,2003,425(6956):365.
[5]ORR J C,FABRY V J,AUMONT O,et al.Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms[J].Nature,2005,437(7059):681-686.
[6]CAI W J,HU X P,HUANG W J,et al.Acidification of subsurface coastal waters enhanced by eutrophication[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(11):766-770.
[7]PARKER L M,ROSS P M,O'CONNOR W A.The effect of ocean acidification and temperature on the fertilization and embryonic development of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata(Gould 1850)[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15(9):2123-2136.
[8]TSENG Y C,HU M Y,STUMPP M,et al.CO2-driven seawater acidification differentially affects development and molecular plasticity along life history of fish(Oryzias latipes)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2013,165(2):119-130.
[9]CATTANO C,GIOMI F,MILAZZO M.Effects of ocean acidification on embryonic respiration and development of a temperate wrasse living along a natural CO2gradient[J].Conservation Physiology,2016,4(1):cov073.
[10]HATTORI R S,GOULD R J,FUJIOKA T,et al.Temperature-dependent sex determination in Hd-rR medaka Oryzias latipes:gender sensitivity,thermal threshold,critical period,and DMRT1 expression profile[J].Sexual Development,2007,1(2):138-146.
[11]SATO T,ENDO T,YAMAHIRA K,et al.Induction of female-to-male sex reversal by high temperature treatment in medaka,Oryzias latipes[J].Zoological Science,2005,22(9):985-988.
[12]SANDRA G E,NORMA M M.Sexual determination and differentiation in teleost fish[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2010,20(1):101-121.
[13]陈漪,王晓杰,冉皓宇,等.海水模式种青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)的胚胎发育观察[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):71-82.CHEN Y,WANG X J,RAN H Y,et al.Developmental stages of a marine model fish-medaka Oryzias melastigma[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(1):71-82.
[14]KIM B M,KIM J,CHOI I Y,et al.Omics of the marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)and its relevance to marine environmental research[J].Marine Environmental Research,2016,113:141-152.
[15]NANDA I,KONDO M,HORNUNG U,et al.A duplicated copy of DMRT1 in the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome of the medaka,Oryzias latipes[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2002,99(18):11778-11783.
[16]杨明,王昆鹏,张玉颖,等.青鳉DMY基因的克隆及其在性别鉴定中的应用[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2010,16(6):562-566.YANG M,WANG K P,ZHANG Y Y,et al.Gene cloning and application of DMY gene for sex identification in Oryzias latipes[J].Journal of Shanghai University(Natural Science),2010,16(6):562-566.
[17]MATSUDA M,NAGAHAMA Y,SHINOMIYA A,et al.DMY is a Y-specific DM-domain gene required for male development in the medaka fish[J].Nature,2002,417(6888):559-563.
[18]MUNDAY P L,DONELSON J M,DIXSON D L,et al.Effects of ocean acidification on the early life history of a tropical marine fish[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B,2009,276(1671):3275-3283.
[19]FRANKE A,CLEMMESEN C.Effect of ocean acidification on early life stages of Atlantic herring(Clupea harengus L.)[J].Biogeosciences,2011,8(12):3697-3707.
[20]HURST T P,FERNANDEZ E R,MATHIS J T.Effects of ocean acidification on hatch size and larval growth of walleye pollock(Theragra chalcogramma)[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2013,70(4):812-822.
[21]FROMMEL A Y,MANEJA R,LOWE D,et al.Severe tissue damage in Atlantic cod larvae under increasing ocean acidification[J].Nature Climate Change,2012,2(1):42-46.
[22]CRAIG J K,FOOTE C J,WOOD C C.Evidence for temperature-dependent sex determination in sockeye salmon(Oncorhynchus nerka)[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1996,53(1):141-147.
[23]YAMAMOTO E.Studies on sex-manipulation and production of cloned populations in hirame,Paralichthys olivaceus(Temminck et Schlegel)[J].Aquaculture,1999,173(1/4):235-246.
[24]CONOVER D.TSD in fishes[M]//VALENZUELA N,LANCE V A.Temperature-dependent sex determination in vertebrates[M].Washington:Smithsonian Books,2004:11-20.
[25]MANNING N J,KIME D E.Temperature regulation of ovarian steroid production in the common carp,Cyprinus carpio L.,in vivo and in vitro[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,1984,56(3):376-388.
[26]KWON J Y,HAGHPANAH V,KOGSON-HURTADO L M,et al.Masculinization of genetic female Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)by dietary administration of an aromatase inhibitor during sexual differentiation[J].The Journal of Experimental Zoology,2000,287(1):46-53.
[27]D'COTTA H,FOSTIER A,GUIGUEN Y,et al.Aromatase plays a key role during normal and temperature-induced sex differentiation of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus[J].Molecular Reproduction&Development,2001,59(3):265-276.
[28]王晓杰,宋佳坤,范纯新,等.海洋酸化对鱼类感觉和行为影响的研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(6):13-20.WANG X J,SONG J K,FAN C X,et al.Impacts of ocean acidification on sensory system and behavior in marine fish[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2015,10(6):13-20.