玉米秸秆还田量对黑土区农田地面节肢动物群落的影响
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摘要
为考察玉米秸秆还田量对黑土区农田地面节肢动物群落的影响,2016年6—9月在内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗研究了0(CK)、9000(SR1)、10500(SR2)、12000(SR3)、13500(SR4) kg/hm25个梯度对农田地面节肢动物群落影响。结果表明:共捕获地面节肢动物1820只,隶属于16个类群; SR4处理显著提高了地面节肢动物个体数(P<0.05),SR3处理显著提高了地面节肢动物类群数(P<0.05)。各处理样地地面节肢动物个体数最高值均出现在8月,类群数则出现在7月; SR4处理显著提高了地面节肢动物多样性指数和丰富度指数(P<0.05),SR1处理显著提高了地面节肢动物优势度指数(P<0.05),对照CK的均匀度指数最高(P>0.05)。相关分析表明:农田地面节肢动物的个体数与土壤有机质呈极显著相关(P<0.01),与平均入渗率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与土壤容重呈显著负相关(P<0.05);类群数与土壤温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05);丰富度指数与平均入渗率和土壤含水量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。主成分分析表明:地面节肢动物的个体数、多样性指数、蟋蟀总科、跳甲科和步甲科5个特征指标对玉米秸秆还田最为敏感,初步认为是衡量黑土区土壤玉米秸秆还田后肥力状况的评价指标。
In order to understand the effects of returned corn straw on the cropland ground arthropod community in a black soil area,an experiment with five different amounts of corn straw returned to the field 0( CK),9000( SR1),10500( SR2),12000( SR3) and 13500( SR4) kg/hm2 was carried out in Zhalaid Banner of Inner Mongolia from June to September 2016. The results showed that 1820 ground arthropod individuals were captured and these were classified into 16 taxonomic groups. The number of individuals of ground arthropods was significantly increased in SR4( P < 0.05),and the number of taxonomic groups was significantly increased in SR3( P > 0.05). The number of individuals of ground arthropods was highest in August,and the number of taxonomic groups of ground arthropods was highest in July. The diversity and richness indexes were highest in SR4( P < 0.05). The dominance index was highest in SR1( P < 0.05). The evenness index was highest in CK( P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that ground arthropod individuals were not only positively correlated with soil organic matter( P < 0.01),but also with average infiltration rate( P < 0.05),and negatively correlated with soil bulk density( P < 0.05). Soil temperature was obviously correlated with the number of ground arthropod taxonomic groups( P < 0.05). The richness index was obviously correlated with average infiltration rate and soil moisture content( P <0.05). Principal component analysis( PCA) showed that ground arthropod individuals,the diversity index,and the taxa Grylloidea,Alticinae and Carabidae were most sensitive to the amount of straw returned,and could therefore be considered as evaluation indexes to judge the nutrient status after straw is returned in a black soil area in the future.
In order to understand the effects of returned corn straw on the cropland ground arthropod community in a black soil area,an experiment with five different amounts of corn straw returned to the field 0( CK),9000( SR1),10500( SR2),12000( SR3) and 13500( SR4) kg/hm2 was carried out in Zhalaid Banner of Inner Mongolia from June to September 2016. The results showed that 1820 ground arthropod individuals were captured and these were classified into 16 taxonomic groups. The number of individuals of ground arthropods was significantly increased in SR4( P < 0.05),and the number of taxonomic groups was significantly increased in SR3( P > 0.05). The number of individuals of ground arthropods was highest in August,and the number of taxonomic groups of ground arthropods was highest in July. The diversity and richness indexes were highest in SR4( P < 0.05). The dominance index was highest in SR1( P < 0.05). The evenness index was highest in CK( P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that ground arthropod individuals were not only positively correlated with soil organic matter( P < 0.01),but also with average infiltration rate( P < 0.05),and negatively correlated with soil bulk density( P < 0.05). Soil temperature was obviously correlated with the number of ground arthropod taxonomic groups( P < 0.05). The richness index was obviously correlated with average infiltration rate and soil moisture content( P <0.05). Principal component analysis( PCA) showed that ground arthropod individuals,the diversity index,and the taxa Grylloidea,Alticinae and Carabidae were most sensitive to the amount of straw returned,and could therefore be considered as evaluation indexes to judge the nutrient status after straw is returned in a black soil area in the future.
引文
[1]杨旭,高梅香,张雪萍,林琳,沙迪,张利敏.秸秆还田对耕作黑土中小型土壤动物群落的影响.生态学报,2017,37(7):2206-2216.
[2]汪冠收.兰考县玉米秸秆还田分解中土壤动物群落特征及其作用研究[D].开封:河南大学,2012.
[3]劳秀荣,孙伟红,王真,郝艳如,张昌爱.秸秆还田与化肥配合施用对土壤肥力的影响.土壤学报,2003,40(4):618-623.
[4]宋敏.增加降水及大气氮沉降对黄淮海平原弃耕地地表节肢动物的影响.应用生态学报,2016,27(11):3682-3688.
[5] Eisenhauer N,Sabais A C W,Schonert F,Scheu S. Soil arthropods beneficially rather than detrimentally impact plant performance in experimental grassland systems of different diversity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(9):1418-1424.
[6]魏巍,许艳丽,朱琳,韩晓增,Li S.长期施肥对黑土农田土壤微生物群落的影响.土壤学报,2013,50(2):372-380.
[7]张武,张淑兰,顾成林,杨文泉,吴云飞.松嫩平原耕作草甸区中小型土壤动物群落特征.干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):128-133.
[8] Birkhofer K,Diek9tter T,Boch S,Fischer M,Müller J,Socher S,V. Soil fauna feeding activity in temperate grassland soils increases with legume and grass species richness. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(10):2200-2207.
[9] Mulder C,Boit A,Bonkowski M,De Ruiter P C,Mancinelli G,Van Der Heijden M G A,Van Wijnen H J,Vonk J A,Rutgers M. A belowground perspective on Dutch agroecosystems:how soil organisms interact to support ecosystem services. Advances in Ecological Research,2011,44:277-357.
[10]徐演鹏,谭飞,胡彦鹏,卢萍,吴建平,林英华.秸秆还田对黑土区农田中小型土壤节肢动物群落的影响.动物学杂志,2015,50(2):262-271.
[11]战丽莉.农田黑土中小型土壤动物多样性特征及其影响因素[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2013.
[12]杨佩,王海霞,岳佳.秸秆覆盖免耕条件下中小型土壤动物的生态分布特征.水土保持研究,2013,20(2):145-150.
[13]卢萍,徐演鹏,谭飞,杨忠岐,林英华.黑土区农田土壤节肢动物群落与土壤理化性质的关系.中国农业科学,2013,46(9):1848-1856.
[14]李泽兴,孙光芝,王洋,吴东辉.玉米秸秆覆盖量对农田土壤动物群落结构的影响.中国农学通报,2010,26(16):296-300.
[15]蒋云峰,马南,张爽,陈智文,解宏图.黑土区免耕秸秆不同覆盖频率下大型土壤动物群落结构特征.生态学杂志,2017,36(2):452-459.
[16]连旭,隋玉柱,武海涛,刘冬,郗敏,管强.秸秆还田对黑土农田土壤甲螨群落结构的影响.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(1):134-142.
[17]尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社,1998.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19]李建兴,何丙辉,谌芸.不同护坡草本植物的根系特征及对土壤渗透性的影响.生态学报,2013,33(5):1535-1544.
[20]刘洁,高梅香,吴东辉.基于黑土农田生物多样性监测样地的地表大型节肢动物群落特征.应用生态学报,2017,28(12):3965-3975.
[21]许还,殷秀琴,马辰.长白山地典型农田生态系统土壤跳虫群落结构及其生态分布特征.生态学报,2017,37(23):8005-8014.
[22]李孝刚,丁昌峰,王兴祥.重金属污染对红壤旱地小节肢类土壤动物群落结构的影响.生态学报,2014,34(21):6198-6204.
[23]林英华,杨学云,张夫道,古巧珍,孙本华,马路军.长期施肥对黄土区农田土壤动物群落的影响.中国农业科学,2005,38(6):1213-1218.
[24]殷秀琴,安静超,陶岩,辛未冬,蒋云峰,王富斌.拉萨河流域健康湿地与退化湿地大型土壤动物群落比较研究.资源科学,2010,32(9):1643-1649.
[25]张雪萍,黄丽荣,姜丽秋.大兴安岭北部森林生态系统大型土壤动物群落特征.地理研究,2008,27(3):509-518.
[26]李强,周道玮,陈笑莹.地上枯落物的累积、分解及其在陆地生态系统中的作用.生态学报,2014,34(14):3807-3819.
[27]张雪萍,张淑花,李景科.大兴安岭火烧迹地土壤动物生态地理分析.地理研究,2006,25(2):327-334.
[28] Bai W M,Wan S Q,Niu S L,Liu W X,Chen Q S,Wang Q B,Zhang W H,Han X G,Li L H. Increased temperature and precipitation interact to affect root production,mortality,and turnover in a temperate steppe:implications for ecosystem C cycling. Global Change Biology,2010,16(4):1306-1316.
[29] Zhang N L,Liu W X,Yang H J,Yu X J,Gutknecht J L M,Zhang Z,Wan S Q,Ma K P. Soil microbial responses to warming and increased precipitation and their implications for ecosystem C cycling. Oecologia,2013,173(3):1125-1142.
[30]林英华,黄庆海,刘骅,彭畅,朱平,张树清,张夫道.长期耕作与长期定位施肥对农田土壤动物群落多样性的影响.中国农业科学,2010,43(11):2261-2269.
[2]汪冠收.兰考县玉米秸秆还田分解中土壤动物群落特征及其作用研究[D].开封:河南大学,2012.
[3]劳秀荣,孙伟红,王真,郝艳如,张昌爱.秸秆还田与化肥配合施用对土壤肥力的影响.土壤学报,2003,40(4):618-623.
[4]宋敏.增加降水及大气氮沉降对黄淮海平原弃耕地地表节肢动物的影响.应用生态学报,2016,27(11):3682-3688.
[5] Eisenhauer N,Sabais A C W,Schonert F,Scheu S. Soil arthropods beneficially rather than detrimentally impact plant performance in experimental grassland systems of different diversity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(9):1418-1424.
[6]魏巍,许艳丽,朱琳,韩晓增,Li S.长期施肥对黑土农田土壤微生物群落的影响.土壤学报,2013,50(2):372-380.
[7]张武,张淑兰,顾成林,杨文泉,吴云飞.松嫩平原耕作草甸区中小型土壤动物群落特征.干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):128-133.
[8] Birkhofer K,Diek9tter T,Boch S,Fischer M,Müller J,Socher S,V. Soil fauna feeding activity in temperate grassland soils increases with legume and grass species richness. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(10):2200-2207.
[9] Mulder C,Boit A,Bonkowski M,De Ruiter P C,Mancinelli G,Van Der Heijden M G A,Van Wijnen H J,Vonk J A,Rutgers M. A belowground perspective on Dutch agroecosystems:how soil organisms interact to support ecosystem services. Advances in Ecological Research,2011,44:277-357.
[10]徐演鹏,谭飞,胡彦鹏,卢萍,吴建平,林英华.秸秆还田对黑土区农田中小型土壤节肢动物群落的影响.动物学杂志,2015,50(2):262-271.
[11]战丽莉.农田黑土中小型土壤动物多样性特征及其影响因素[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2013.
[12]杨佩,王海霞,岳佳.秸秆覆盖免耕条件下中小型土壤动物的生态分布特征.水土保持研究,2013,20(2):145-150.
[13]卢萍,徐演鹏,谭飞,杨忠岐,林英华.黑土区农田土壤节肢动物群落与土壤理化性质的关系.中国农业科学,2013,46(9):1848-1856.
[14]李泽兴,孙光芝,王洋,吴东辉.玉米秸秆覆盖量对农田土壤动物群落结构的影响.中国农学通报,2010,26(16):296-300.
[15]蒋云峰,马南,张爽,陈智文,解宏图.黑土区免耕秸秆不同覆盖频率下大型土壤动物群落结构特征.生态学杂志,2017,36(2):452-459.
[16]连旭,隋玉柱,武海涛,刘冬,郗敏,管强.秸秆还田对黑土农田土壤甲螨群落结构的影响.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(1):134-142.
[17]尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社,1998.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19]李建兴,何丙辉,谌芸.不同护坡草本植物的根系特征及对土壤渗透性的影响.生态学报,2013,33(5):1535-1544.
[20]刘洁,高梅香,吴东辉.基于黑土农田生物多样性监测样地的地表大型节肢动物群落特征.应用生态学报,2017,28(12):3965-3975.
[21]许还,殷秀琴,马辰.长白山地典型农田生态系统土壤跳虫群落结构及其生态分布特征.生态学报,2017,37(23):8005-8014.
[22]李孝刚,丁昌峰,王兴祥.重金属污染对红壤旱地小节肢类土壤动物群落结构的影响.生态学报,2014,34(21):6198-6204.
[23]林英华,杨学云,张夫道,古巧珍,孙本华,马路军.长期施肥对黄土区农田土壤动物群落的影响.中国农业科学,2005,38(6):1213-1218.
[24]殷秀琴,安静超,陶岩,辛未冬,蒋云峰,王富斌.拉萨河流域健康湿地与退化湿地大型土壤动物群落比较研究.资源科学,2010,32(9):1643-1649.
[25]张雪萍,黄丽荣,姜丽秋.大兴安岭北部森林生态系统大型土壤动物群落特征.地理研究,2008,27(3):509-518.
[26]李强,周道玮,陈笑莹.地上枯落物的累积、分解及其在陆地生态系统中的作用.生态学报,2014,34(14):3807-3819.
[27]张雪萍,张淑花,李景科.大兴安岭火烧迹地土壤动物生态地理分析.地理研究,2006,25(2):327-334.
[28] Bai W M,Wan S Q,Niu S L,Liu W X,Chen Q S,Wang Q B,Zhang W H,Han X G,Li L H. Increased temperature and precipitation interact to affect root production,mortality,and turnover in a temperate steppe:implications for ecosystem C cycling. Global Change Biology,2010,16(4):1306-1316.
[29] Zhang N L,Liu W X,Yang H J,Yu X J,Gutknecht J L M,Zhang Z,Wan S Q,Ma K P. Soil microbial responses to warming and increased precipitation and their implications for ecosystem C cycling. Oecologia,2013,173(3):1125-1142.
[30]林英华,黄庆海,刘骅,彭畅,朱平,张树清,张夫道.长期耕作与长期定位施肥对农田土壤动物群落多样性的影响.中国农业科学,2010,43(11):2261-2269.
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