不同工况蚯蚓人工湿地表层污泥处理效果
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摘要
通过在传统污泥干化湿地中投加蚯蚓,研究了蚯蚓人工湿地处理污泥技术的可操作性;同时研究了不同污泥负荷48、65、80 kg·(m~2·a)~(-1)、不同蚯蚓投放密度0、0.43、0.54、0.65 kg·m~(-2)以及不同进泥频率等工况条件下,该模拟湿地装置表层污泥的脱水和稳定化效果.结果表明,通过设置入土深度为10 mm的挡板,能够提供蚯蚓在进泥期间的栖身之所,保证蚯蚓湿地的正常运行;蚯蚓的加入能够显著改善人工湿地污泥干化和稳定化的效能,使表层污泥脱氢酶活性(dehydrogenase activity,DHA)更低,含水率和VS分别下降了15%和10%左右,并且在0.65 kg·m~(-2)的蚯蚓投放密度下,蚯蚓人工湿地的稳定化效果最好.随着污泥负荷的增加以及进泥频率的降低,蚯蚓人工湿地运行效能会变差.
The feasibility of a new sludge treatment technology of earthworm constructed wetlands was tested by adding earthworm into the traditional sludge dying reed beds. The dewatering and stabilization effects of the upper layer sludge were tested under different sludge loading rates of 48,65,80 kg·( m~2·a)~(-1),different earthworm stocking densities of 0,0. 43,0. 54,0. 65 kg·m~(-2)and different sludge loading frequencies. The results indicated that it was feasible to provide a shelter for earthworm during the loading period by setting a damper with a buried depth of 10 mm. The addition of earthworm could effectively improve the dewatering and stabilization effects of earthworm constructed wetlands,by lowering the DHA and decreasing the moisture content and VS of sludge by 15% and10% respectively. The stabilization effects of earthworm constructed wetlands reached the best under the stocking density of 0. 65kg·m~(-2). With the increase of sludge loading rate and decrease of loading frequency,the running efficiency of earthworm constructed wetlands would be worse.
The feasibility of a new sludge treatment technology of earthworm constructed wetlands was tested by adding earthworm into the traditional sludge dying reed beds. The dewatering and stabilization effects of the upper layer sludge were tested under different sludge loading rates of 48,65,80 kg·( m~2·a)~(-1),different earthworm stocking densities of 0,0. 43,0. 54,0. 65 kg·m~(-2)and different sludge loading frequencies. The results indicated that it was feasible to provide a shelter for earthworm during the loading period by setting a damper with a buried depth of 10 mm. The addition of earthworm could effectively improve the dewatering and stabilization effects of earthworm constructed wetlands,by lowering the DHA and decreasing the moisture content and VS of sludge by 15% and10% respectively. The stabilization effects of earthworm constructed wetlands reached the best under the stocking density of 0. 65kg·m~(-2). With the increase of sludge loading rate and decrease of loading frequency,the running efficiency of earthworm constructed wetlands would be worse.
引文
[1]彭智平,李文英,黄继川,等.农村城镇污泥处理和农用技术规程[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(11):83-84.
[2]李雄勇,常文越,张帆.赤子爱胜蚓处理农村生活污水污泥的技术研究[J].科技创新导报,2014,11(4):35-37,41.
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[4]黄凌军,杜红,鲁承虎,等.欧洲污泥干化焚烧处理技术的应用与发展趋势[J].给水排水,2003,29(11):19-22.Huang L J,Du H,Lu C H,et al.Application and development of sludge drying and incineration in European[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2003,29(11):19-22.
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[9]陈学民,王惠,伏小勇,等.赤子爱胜蚓处理污泥对其性质变化的影响[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(6):1421-1425.Chen X M,Wang H,Fu X Y,et al.Effect of vermicomposting using Eisenia foetida on properties of sewage sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(6):1421-1425.
[10]Ali U,Sajid N,Khalid A,et al.A review on vermicomposting of organic wastes[J].Environmental Progress&Sustainable Energy,2015,34(4):1050-1062.
[11]Nielsen S.Sludge treatment in wetland systems[A].In:Dias V,Vymazal J(Eds.).International Seminar on the use Aquatic Macrophytes for Wastewater Treatment in Treatment wetland[C].Lisbon-Portugal,2003.
[12]Haimi J,Huhta V.Capacity of various organic residues to support adequate earthworm biomass for vermicomposting[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1986,2(1):23-27.
[13]Bianchi V,Peruzzi E,Masciandaro G,et al.Efficiency assessment of a reed bed pilot plant(Phragmites australis)for sludge stabilisation in Tuscany(Italy)[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,37(5):779-785.
[14]Sonowal P,Khwairakpam M,Kalamdhad A S.Stability analysis of dewatered sludge of pulp and paper mill during vermicomposting[J].Waste and Biomass Valorization,2014,5(1):19-26.
[15]CJ/T 221-2005,城市污水处理厂污泥检验方法[S].
[16]Huang K,Li F S,Wei Y F,et al.Effects of earthworms on physicochemical properties and microbial profiles during vermicomposting of fresh fruit and vegetable wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,170:45-52.
[17]胡安,朱维琴,陈林,等.蚯蚓处理对土壤中重金属生物可利用性的影响[J].杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,11(4):369-373.Hu A,Zhu W Q,Chen L,et al.Effects of earthworm disposal on the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil[J].Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2012,11(4):369-373.
[18]Uggetti E,Argilaga A,Ferrer I,et al.Dewatering model for optimal operation of sludge treatment wetlands[J].Water Research,2012,46(2):335-344.
[19]Khwairakpam M,Bhargava R.Vermitechnology for sewage sludge recycling[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161(2-3):948-954.
[20]Vincent J,Forquet N,Molle P,et al.Mechanical and hydraulic properties of sludge deposit on sludge drying reed beds(SDRBs):influence of sludge characteristics and loading rates[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,116:161-169.
[21]张志剑,刘萌,朱军.蚯蚓堆肥及蝇蛆生物转化技术在有机废弃物处理应用中的研究进展[J].环境科学,2013,34(5):1679-1686.Zhang Z J,Liu M,Zhu J.Organic waste treatment by earthworm vermicomposting and larvae bioconversion:review and perspective[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(5):1679-1686.
[22]伏小勇,崔广宇,陈学民,等.蚯蚓处理对污泥中微生物碳量及脱氢酶活性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(1):252-256.Fu X Y,Cui G Y,Chen X M,et al.Effects of earthworms on the microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity in decomposition treatment of sewage sludge[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(1):252-256.
[23]Fernández-Gómez M J,Romero E,Nogales R.Feasibility of vermicomposting for vegetable greenhouse waste recycling[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(24):9654-9660.
[24]Stefanakis A I,Tsihrintzis V A.Effect of various design and operation parameters on performance of pilot-scale Sludge Drying Reed Beds[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,38(1):65-78.
[25]袁绍春,张智,王敏,等.蚯蚓处理污水污泥制取土壤改良剂[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(6):2097-2103.Yuan S C,Zhang Z,Wang M,et al.Vermicomposting for conversion of sewage sludge to soil amendment[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(6):2097-2103.
[26]Iannelli R,Nielsen S,Peruzzi E,et al.Short-term performance analysis of sludge treatment reed beds[J].Water Science and Technology,2013,68(7):1520-1528.
[2]李雄勇,常文越,张帆.赤子爱胜蚓处理农村生活污水污泥的技术研究[J].科技创新导报,2014,11(4):35-37,41.
[3]杨小文,杜英豪.污泥处理与资源化利用方案选择[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(4):31-33.Yang X W,Du Y H.Options for sewage sludge treatment and reclamation for reuse[J].China Water&Wastewater,2002,18(4):31-33.
[4]黄凌军,杜红,鲁承虎,等.欧洲污泥干化焚烧处理技术的应用与发展趋势[J].给水排水,2003,29(11):19-22.Huang L J,Du H,Lu C H,et al.Application and development of sludge drying and incineration in European[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2003,29(11):19-22.
[5]崔玉波,冉春秋,王芳,等.干化床和芦苇床稳定污泥过程中的腐殖化特征[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(1):305-309.Cui Y B,Ran C Q,Wang F,et al.Humification characteristics of stabilized sewage sludge in sludge drying bed and reed bed[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(1):305-309.
[6]Uggetti E,Ferrer I,Llorens E,et al.Sludge treatment wetlands:a review on the state of the art[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(9):2905-2912.
[7]Nielsen S,Bruun E W.Sludge quality after 10-20 years of treatment in reed bed systems[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,22(17):12885-12891.
[8]臧兰兰.蚯蚓堆肥对城市污泥农化性质的影响[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2014.Zang L L.Effect of earthworm on sewage sludge at agricultural chemical characteristics[D].Lanzhou:Northwest Normal University,2014.
[9]陈学民,王惠,伏小勇,等.赤子爱胜蚓处理污泥对其性质变化的影响[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(6):1421-1425.Chen X M,Wang H,Fu X Y,et al.Effect of vermicomposting using Eisenia foetida on properties of sewage sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(6):1421-1425.
[10]Ali U,Sajid N,Khalid A,et al.A review on vermicomposting of organic wastes[J].Environmental Progress&Sustainable Energy,2015,34(4):1050-1062.
[11]Nielsen S.Sludge treatment in wetland systems[A].In:Dias V,Vymazal J(Eds.).International Seminar on the use Aquatic Macrophytes for Wastewater Treatment in Treatment wetland[C].Lisbon-Portugal,2003.
[12]Haimi J,Huhta V.Capacity of various organic residues to support adequate earthworm biomass for vermicomposting[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1986,2(1):23-27.
[13]Bianchi V,Peruzzi E,Masciandaro G,et al.Efficiency assessment of a reed bed pilot plant(Phragmites australis)for sludge stabilisation in Tuscany(Italy)[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,37(5):779-785.
[14]Sonowal P,Khwairakpam M,Kalamdhad A S.Stability analysis of dewatered sludge of pulp and paper mill during vermicomposting[J].Waste and Biomass Valorization,2014,5(1):19-26.
[15]CJ/T 221-2005,城市污水处理厂污泥检验方法[S].
[16]Huang K,Li F S,Wei Y F,et al.Effects of earthworms on physicochemical properties and microbial profiles during vermicomposting of fresh fruit and vegetable wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,170:45-52.
[17]胡安,朱维琴,陈林,等.蚯蚓处理对土壤中重金属生物可利用性的影响[J].杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,11(4):369-373.Hu A,Zhu W Q,Chen L,et al.Effects of earthworm disposal on the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil[J].Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2012,11(4):369-373.
[18]Uggetti E,Argilaga A,Ferrer I,et al.Dewatering model for optimal operation of sludge treatment wetlands[J].Water Research,2012,46(2):335-344.
[19]Khwairakpam M,Bhargava R.Vermitechnology for sewage sludge recycling[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161(2-3):948-954.
[20]Vincent J,Forquet N,Molle P,et al.Mechanical and hydraulic properties of sludge deposit on sludge drying reed beds(SDRBs):influence of sludge characteristics and loading rates[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,116:161-169.
[21]张志剑,刘萌,朱军.蚯蚓堆肥及蝇蛆生物转化技术在有机废弃物处理应用中的研究进展[J].环境科学,2013,34(5):1679-1686.Zhang Z J,Liu M,Zhu J.Organic waste treatment by earthworm vermicomposting and larvae bioconversion:review and perspective[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(5):1679-1686.
[22]伏小勇,崔广宇,陈学民,等.蚯蚓处理对污泥中微生物碳量及脱氢酶活性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(1):252-256.Fu X Y,Cui G Y,Chen X M,et al.Effects of earthworms on the microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity in decomposition treatment of sewage sludge[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(1):252-256.
[23]Fernández-Gómez M J,Romero E,Nogales R.Feasibility of vermicomposting for vegetable greenhouse waste recycling[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(24):9654-9660.
[24]Stefanakis A I,Tsihrintzis V A.Effect of various design and operation parameters on performance of pilot-scale Sludge Drying Reed Beds[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,38(1):65-78.
[25]袁绍春,张智,王敏,等.蚯蚓处理污水污泥制取土壤改良剂[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(6):2097-2103.Yuan S C,Zhang Z,Wang M,et al.Vermicomposting for conversion of sewage sludge to soil amendment[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(6):2097-2103.
[26]Iannelli R,Nielsen S,Peruzzi E,et al.Short-term performance analysis of sludge treatment reed beds[J].Water Science and Technology,2013,68(7):1520-1528.