内部治理机制对农民合作社盘活资源绩效的影响——来自山西省左权县易地扶贫搬迁地区的证据
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摘要
随着我国易地扶贫搬迁的加快推进,移民区将出现大量闲置资源,如何有效利用这些资源成为当前一个突出问题。关注农民合作社在盘活迁出村闲置资源中的作用,以农民合作社盈利能力和稳定能力反映其盘活资源绩效,结合山西省左权县的三个农民合作社案例分析了合作社内部治理机制如何影响其盘活资源绩效。通过比较案例分析发现,工商资本领办型农民合作社虽然有资金优势,但较难形成与农民合作共赢的治理机制,限制了其盘活迁出村资源的能力;大户领办型农民合作社更容易在信任的基础上形成有利于盘活乡村资源的决策机制、激励机制和监督机制,但对社员退出的约束力较差,可能对其在经营困境下的稳定性造成影响;村干部领办型合作社更可能基于村中社会资本形成有利于盘活迁出村资源的决策机制、激励机制和约束机制,鼓励这类合作社发展是盘活迁出村资源的有效途径。
With the rapid development of China's poverty alleviation and relocation,a lot of idle resources will be discarded in the moved-out areas,and how to effectively use these resources will become a prominent problem.This paper focuses on the role of cooperatives of peasants in the revitalization of idle resources in the moved-out villages.Reflecting performance in the revitalization of resources of cooperatives of peasants with their profitability and stability,this paper analyzes how the internal governance mechanism of cooperatives affects their performance in the revitalization of idle resources in the moved-out villages based on the case of three cooperatives of peasants in Zuoquan County,Shanxi Province.By comparative case analysis,this paper finds that although enterprise-leading cooperatives always have advantage of capital,it is difficult for them to form a governance mechanism which is win-win cooperation with farmers,and thus limits their ability to revitalize resources of moved-out villages.For large-leading type cooperatives,it is easier for them to form decision-making mechanism,incentive mechanism and supervision mechanism which are conducive to revitalize resources of moved-out villages on the basis of trust,but the restrictive to the members' exit is always weak,which may have a negative impact on the stability of cooperatives during difficult periods.Village-cadre-leading cooperatives are more likely to form effective decision-making mechanism,incentive mechanism and restraint mechanism based on social capital in the village,so it could be an effective way to promote the development of such cooperatives to revitalize the re-sources of moved-out villages.
With the rapid development of China's poverty alleviation and relocation,a lot of idle resources will be discarded in the moved-out areas,and how to effectively use these resources will become a prominent problem.This paper focuses on the role of cooperatives of peasants in the revitalization of idle resources in the moved-out villages.Reflecting performance in the revitalization of resources of cooperatives of peasants with their profitability and stability,this paper analyzes how the internal governance mechanism of cooperatives affects their performance in the revitalization of idle resources in the moved-out villages based on the case of three cooperatives of peasants in Zuoquan County,Shanxi Province.By comparative case analysis,this paper finds that although enterprise-leading cooperatives always have advantage of capital,it is difficult for them to form a governance mechanism which is win-win cooperation with farmers,and thus limits their ability to revitalize resources of moved-out villages.For large-leading type cooperatives,it is easier for them to form decision-making mechanism,incentive mechanism and supervision mechanism which are conducive to revitalize resources of moved-out villages on the basis of trust,but the restrictive to the members' exit is always weak,which may have a negative impact on the stability of cooperatives during difficult periods.Village-cadre-leading cooperatives are more likely to form effective decision-making mechanism,incentive mechanism and restraint mechanism based on social capital in the village,so it could be an effective way to promote the development of such cooperatives to revitalize the re-sources of moved-out villages.
引文
[1]王宏新,付甜,张文杰.中国易地扶贫搬迁政策的演进特征——基于政策文本量化分析[J].国家行政学院学报,2017(3):48-53,129.
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[3]王晓毅.易地扶贫搬迁方式的转变与创新[J].改革,2016(8):71-73.
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[5]杨小柳.国家、地方市场与贫困地区的变迁——广西凌云县背陇瑶的个案研究[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2012,29(3):57-64.
[6]汪磊,汪霞.易地扶贫搬迁前后农户生计资本演化及其对增收的贡献度分析——基于贵州省的调查研究[J].探索,2016(6):93-98.
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[8]周恩宇,卯丹.易地扶贫搬迁的实践及其后果——一项社会文化转型视角的分析[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2017,34(2):69-77.
[9]黄祖辉,高钰玲.农民专业合作社服务功能的实现程度及其影响因素[J].中国农村经济,2012(7):4-16.
[10]王图展.自生能力、外部支持与农民合作社服务功能[J].农业经济问题,2017,38(5):14-27,110.
[11]刘宇翔.农民合作社功能结构与农民收入灰色关联分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2016,16(6):59-65.
[12]朋文欢,黄祖辉.农民专业合作社有助于提高农户收入吗?——基于内生转换模型和合作社服务功能的考察[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2017,17(4):57-66.
[13]张益丰,陈莹钰,潘晓飞.农民合作社功能“嵌入”与村治模式改良[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2016,16(6):50-58.
[14]许锦英.社区性农民合作社及其制度功能研究[J].山东社会科学,2016(1):177-182.
[15]徐旭初,吴彬.治理机制对农民专业合作社绩效的影响——基于浙江省526家农民专业合作社的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2010(5):43-55.
[16]赵佳荣.农民专业合作社“三重绩效”评价模式研究[J].农业技术经济,2010(2):119-127.
[17]程新生.公司治理、内部控制、组织结构互动关系研究[J].会计研究,2004(4):14-18,97.
[18][美]曼瑟尔·奥尔森.集体行动的逻辑[M].陈郁等译.上海:上海三联书店,1995.
[19]周振,孔祥智.盈余分配方式对农民合作社经营绩效的影响——以黑龙江省克山县仁发农机合作社为例[J].中国农村观察,2015(5):19-30.
[20]Fukuyama F.Trust:Social Virtue and the Creation of Prosperity[J].Orbis,1996,40(2):333.
[21]Coleman J S.Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital[J].American Journal of Sociology,1988,94(Volume 94Number):95-120.
[22]Dyer J H,Nobeoka K.Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network:the Toyota case[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(3):345-367.
[2]何得桂,党国英.西部山区易地扶贫搬迁政策执行偏差研究——基于陕南的实地调查[J].国家行政学院学报,2015(6):119-123.
[3]王晓毅.易地扶贫搬迁方式的转变与创新[J].改革,2016(8):71-73.
[4]李博,左停.遭遇搬迁:精准扶贫视角下扶贫移民搬迁政策执行逻辑的探讨——以陕南王村为例[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016,33(2):25-31.
[5]杨小柳.国家、地方市场与贫困地区的变迁——广西凌云县背陇瑶的个案研究[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2012,29(3):57-64.
[6]汪磊,汪霞.易地扶贫搬迁前后农户生计资本演化及其对增收的贡献度分析——基于贵州省的调查研究[J].探索,2016(6):93-98.
[7]叶青,苏海.政策实践与资本重置:贵州易地扶贫搬迁的经验表达[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2016,33(5):64-70.
[8]周恩宇,卯丹.易地扶贫搬迁的实践及其后果——一项社会文化转型视角的分析[J].中国农业大学学报:社会科学版,2017,34(2):69-77.
[9]黄祖辉,高钰玲.农民专业合作社服务功能的实现程度及其影响因素[J].中国农村经济,2012(7):4-16.
[10]王图展.自生能力、外部支持与农民合作社服务功能[J].农业经济问题,2017,38(5):14-27,110.
[11]刘宇翔.农民合作社功能结构与农民收入灰色关联分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2016,16(6):59-65.
[12]朋文欢,黄祖辉.农民专业合作社有助于提高农户收入吗?——基于内生转换模型和合作社服务功能的考察[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2017,17(4):57-66.
[13]张益丰,陈莹钰,潘晓飞.农民合作社功能“嵌入”与村治模式改良[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2016,16(6):50-58.
[14]许锦英.社区性农民合作社及其制度功能研究[J].山东社会科学,2016(1):177-182.
[15]徐旭初,吴彬.治理机制对农民专业合作社绩效的影响——基于浙江省526家农民专业合作社的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2010(5):43-55.
[16]赵佳荣.农民专业合作社“三重绩效”评价模式研究[J].农业技术经济,2010(2):119-127.
[17]程新生.公司治理、内部控制、组织结构互动关系研究[J].会计研究,2004(4):14-18,97.
[18][美]曼瑟尔·奥尔森.集体行动的逻辑[M].陈郁等译.上海:上海三联书店,1995.
[19]周振,孔祥智.盈余分配方式对农民合作社经营绩效的影响——以黑龙江省克山县仁发农机合作社为例[J].中国农村观察,2015(5):19-30.
[20]Fukuyama F.Trust:Social Virtue and the Creation of Prosperity[J].Orbis,1996,40(2):333.
[21]Coleman J S.Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital[J].American Journal of Sociology,1988,94(Volume 94Number):95-120.
[22]Dyer J H,Nobeoka K.Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network:the Toyota case[J].Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(3):345-367.