新疆肉羊产业养殖模式比较分析
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摘要
[目的]通过分析新疆肉羊产业3种养殖模式的资源要素需求特点,探讨不同养殖模式的成本差异,实现畜牧业有限资源约束下的肉羊养殖模式选择与布局优化。[方法]以2005—2015年新疆肉羊养殖数据与分布状况为基础,梳理放牧、半舍饲、舍饲三大主要养殖模式在资源条件、投资与设施、繁育技术、育肥技术、饲养管理与疫病防控等方面的特点,对比分析3种养殖模式的成本差异。[结果](1)放牧模式对天然草场资源和疫病防控的要求最高;舍饲模式对饲料、繁殖技术、育肥技术、管理技术等要求较高;半舍饲的各种要求介于放牧与舍饲之间。(2) 3种养殖模式中,舍饲模式成本最低,放牧模式产品品质最高。[结论]新疆肉羊产业发展资源丰富多样,各地区应因地制宜选择肉羊养殖模式,注重肉羊生产的科学性,加强政策指导的有效性和针对性,优化肉羊产业养殖模式布局,提升新疆肉羊产业发展水平,带动农牧民增产增效增收。
By analyzing the demand characteristics of resource elements in the three breeding modes of Xinjiang mutton sheep industry,the cost difference of different farming modes was discussed in order to realize the selection and layout optimization of mutton sheep breeding mode under the constraints of limited resources of animal husbandry. Based on the data and distribution of Xinjiang mutton sheep breeding from 2005 to 2015,the three main breeding modes of grazing,semi-barn feeding and barn feeding were combed in terms of forage grass requirement,investment and facilities,breeding technology,fattening technology,feeding management and disease prevention and control,this study compared the cost differences of the three breeding modes. As a result,there are two conclusions as follows. Firstly,the grazing mode has the highest requirement for natural grassland resources and the most difficult on disease prevention and control,while the barn feeding mode has higher requirements on forage grass,breeding technology,fattening technology and feeding management. The requirements of the semi-barn feeding are between those of the grazing and the barn feeding. Secondly,among the three breeding modes,the barn feeding mode has the lowest cost and the grazing mode has the highest product quality. In conclusion,Xinjiang mutton sheep industry resources are rich and diverse,and various mutton sheep breeding mode should be chosen in different regions according to local resources conditions. In future,we should pay more attention to the scientific nature of mutton sheep production,strengthen the effectiveness and pertinence of policy guidance,optimize the layout of mutton sheep industry breeding mode,improve the industrial development level of Xinjiang' s mutton sheep industry,and drive farmers and herdsmen to increase products and income.
By analyzing the demand characteristics of resource elements in the three breeding modes of Xinjiang mutton sheep industry,the cost difference of different farming modes was discussed in order to realize the selection and layout optimization of mutton sheep breeding mode under the constraints of limited resources of animal husbandry. Based on the data and distribution of Xinjiang mutton sheep breeding from 2005 to 2015,the three main breeding modes of grazing,semi-barn feeding and barn feeding were combed in terms of forage grass requirement,investment and facilities,breeding technology,fattening technology,feeding management and disease prevention and control,this study compared the cost differences of the three breeding modes. As a result,there are two conclusions as follows. Firstly,the grazing mode has the highest requirement for natural grassland resources and the most difficult on disease prevention and control,while the barn feeding mode has higher requirements on forage grass,breeding technology,fattening technology and feeding management. The requirements of the semi-barn feeding are between those of the grazing and the barn feeding. Secondly,among the three breeding modes,the barn feeding mode has the lowest cost and the grazing mode has the highest product quality. In conclusion,Xinjiang mutton sheep industry resources are rich and diverse,and various mutton sheep breeding mode should be chosen in different regions according to local resources conditions. In future,we should pay more attention to the scientific nature of mutton sheep production,strengthen the effectiveness and pertinence of policy guidance,optimize the layout of mutton sheep industry breeding mode,improve the industrial development level of Xinjiang' s mutton sheep industry,and drive farmers and herdsmen to increase products and income.
引文
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[6]黄永亮.新疆肉羊成本效益分析.新疆农业大学,2014:24-28.
[7]张慧琴.肉羊育肥技术.现代农业,2013(2):91.
[8]张克山,尚佑军,刘湘涛.不同饲养模式下肉羊疫病特点及综合防控.养殖与饲料,2010(6):19-20.
[9]赵娜.新疆肉羊不同养殖方式的成本效益研究.新疆农业大学,2014,43-51.
[10]也尔那孜·玉山艾力,邵战林.基于牧民视角的草原生态保护政策实施效果评价研究———以新疆新源县为例.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(4):117-125.
[2]王磊,陈文武,吴荷群,等.冬季不同饲养密度对肉羊生产性能的影响.西北农业学报,2015,24(7):23-27.
[3]段弯弯.牧民定居点肉羊不同养殖模式的经济效益研究.新疆农业大学,2015.
[4]耿宁,李秉龙.我国肉羊良种培育与推广现状、问题与对策分析.中国草食动物科学,2014(S1):374-378.
[5]帕提姑·阿布都克热.新疆羊肉食用品质特性及相关影响因素的研究.新疆农业大学,2012.
[6]黄永亮.新疆肉羊成本效益分析.新疆农业大学,2014:24-28.
[7]张慧琴.肉羊育肥技术.现代农业,2013(2):91.
[8]张克山,尚佑军,刘湘涛.不同饲养模式下肉羊疫病特点及综合防控.养殖与饲料,2010(6):19-20.
[9]赵娜.新疆肉羊不同养殖方式的成本效益研究.新疆农业大学,2014,43-51.
[10]也尔那孜·玉山艾力,邵战林.基于牧民视角的草原生态保护政策实施效果评价研究———以新疆新源县为例.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(4):117-125.