基于季节性河流大沽河河床砂样的侧向非饱和入渗试验研究
|
摘要
选取青岛段大沽河上、中、下游三处具有代表性河床砂样作为试验用砂,进行侧向非饱和入渗试验.结果表明,非饱和入渗率随时间变化趋势可分为三个时期,分别为入渗率快速下降期、入渗率缓速下降期和稳速入渗期.细砂初始含水率为1.85%和5.79%时,稳定入渗率分别约为2.5×10~(-4)和2.3×10~(-4) m/s;中砂初始含水率为1.39%和4.32%时,稳定入渗率分别约为2.7×10~(-4)和2.6×10~(-4) m/s;粗砂初始含水率为1.98%和2.44%时,稳定入渗率分别约为2.8×10~(-4)和2.6×10~(-4) m/s.同种砂样初始含水率越小则侧向入渗速率越快.初始含水率相同或相近的情况下,细沙、中砂和粗砂的稳定入渗率依次增大.
Typical riverbed sand samples collected from the upstream,midstream and downstream of the Qingdao section of the Dagu River are used to carry out the unsaturated lateral infiltration experiments.The results indicate that the trend of unsaturated lateral infiltration rate with time can be classified into three phases,i.e.rapid decreasing,slowly decreasing and steady infiltration rate.The lateral-stable infiltration rate was about 2.5×10~(-4) and 2.3×10~(-4) m/s of fine sand when the initial moisture content is 1.85%and 5.79%.The lateral-stable infiltration rate is about 2.7×10~(-4) and 2.6×10~(-4) m/s of medium sand when the initial moisture content is 1.39% and 4.32%.The lateral-stable infiltration rate is about 2.8×10~(-4)and 2.7×10~(-4) m/s of coarse sand when the initial moisture content of fine sand is1.98% and 2.44%.In the case of the same sand,the smaller the initial water content becomes,the faster the lateral infiltration rate is.In the same or similar initial moisture content case,the stable infiltration rate of fine sand,medium sand and coarse sand increases in turn.
Typical riverbed sand samples collected from the upstream,midstream and downstream of the Qingdao section of the Dagu River are used to carry out the unsaturated lateral infiltration experiments.The results indicate that the trend of unsaturated lateral infiltration rate with time can be classified into three phases,i.e.rapid decreasing,slowly decreasing and steady infiltration rate.The lateral-stable infiltration rate was about 2.5×10~(-4) and 2.3×10~(-4) m/s of fine sand when the initial moisture content is 1.85%and 5.79%.The lateral-stable infiltration rate is about 2.7×10~(-4) and 2.6×10~(-4) m/s of medium sand when the initial moisture content is 1.39% and 4.32%.The lateral-stable infiltration rate is about 2.8×10~(-4)and 2.7×10~(-4) m/s of coarse sand when the initial moisture content of fine sand is1.98% and 2.44%.In the case of the same sand,the smaller the initial water content becomes,the faster the lateral infiltration rate is.In the same or similar initial moisture content case,the stable infiltration rate of fine sand,medium sand and coarse sand increases in turn.
引文
[1]朱文博.北方季节性河流生态反应器水质模型研究[D].济南:山东大学,2012.ZHU Wen-bo.Research on ecological water quality models for seasonal rivers in Northern China[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2012.
[2]孙淑珍.平原河道渗漏实验模型研究[J].河北工程技术高等专科学校学报,2003(2):21-25.SUN Shu-zhen.Study on experiment model of plain river way seepage[J].Journal of Hebei Engineering and Technical College,2003(2):21-25.
[3]王少丽,Thielen R,李祥福,等.渠道渗漏量的试验及分析方法[J].灌溉排水,1998,17(2):39-42.WANG Shao-li,Thielen R,LI Xiang-fu,et al.On tests and analysis method of canal seepage[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,1998,17(2):39-42.
[4]任志远,姜瑞霞.总干渠侧渗情况的初步探讨[J].内蒙古水利,2002(3):96-97.REN Zhi-yuan,JIANG Rui-xia.Preliminary study on the condition of seepage canal side[J].Inner Mongolia Water Resources,2002(3):96-97.
[5]李永涛.渭河水入渗机理及污染对地下水影响的原位试验及仿真模拟研究[D].西安:长安大学,2003.LI Yong-tao.Study on the penetration mechanism and the influence on groundwaterby pollution of Weihe River using the field test and numerical model[D].Xi′an:Chang′an University,2003.
[6]雷万达,罗玉峰,缴锡云.黄河下游侧渗研究进展[J].人民黄河,2009,31(1):61-64.LEI Wan-da,LUO Yu-feng,JIAO Xi-yun.Research progress on seepage of the lower reaches of the Yellow River[J].Yellow River,2009,31(1):61-64.
[7]李红星,樊贵盛.基于点入渗参数计算土质渠床自由渗漏损失的方法[J].水科学进展,2010,21(3):321-326.LI Hong-xing,FAN Gui-sheng.Method for calculating seepage losses from earth-lined irrigation channels based on point cumulative infiltration[J].Advances in Water Science,2010,21(3):321-326.
[8]周敏.干旱区季节性河流和田河中下游侧向渗漏遥感研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2013.ZHOU Min.Study on lateral leakage of middle-lower reaches of seasonal Hotan River in arid region based on remote sensing[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Normal University,2013.
[9]胡兴林,肖洪浪,蓝永超,等.黑河中上游段河道渗漏量计算方法的试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(2):460-468.HU Xing-lin,XIAO Hong-lang,LAN Yong-chao,et al.Experimental study of calculating method of river seepage in middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(2):460-468.
[10]张晶,程伍群,孟霄,等.自由渗漏灌溉渠道输水损失量计算方法理论探讨[J].节水灌溉,2015(2):58-60.ZHANG Jing,CHENG Wu-qun,MENG Xiao,et al.Theoretical analysis of conveyance loss calculation method for free seepage irrigation channels[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2015(2):58-60.
[11]席海洋,冯起,司建华,等.黑河下游额济纳三角洲河道渗漏对地下水补给研究综述[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(5):1241-1247.XI Hai-yang,FENG Qi,SI Jian-hua,et al.A review of river course leakage in the Ejina delta in the lower reaches of Heihe River[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(5):1241-1247.
[12]Margaret Shanafield,Peter G Cook.Transmission losses,infiltration and groundwater recharge through ephemeral and intermittent streambeds:A review of applied methods[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,511:518-529.
[2]孙淑珍.平原河道渗漏实验模型研究[J].河北工程技术高等专科学校学报,2003(2):21-25.SUN Shu-zhen.Study on experiment model of plain river way seepage[J].Journal of Hebei Engineering and Technical College,2003(2):21-25.
[3]王少丽,Thielen R,李祥福,等.渠道渗漏量的试验及分析方法[J].灌溉排水,1998,17(2):39-42.WANG Shao-li,Thielen R,LI Xiang-fu,et al.On tests and analysis method of canal seepage[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,1998,17(2):39-42.
[4]任志远,姜瑞霞.总干渠侧渗情况的初步探讨[J].内蒙古水利,2002(3):96-97.REN Zhi-yuan,JIANG Rui-xia.Preliminary study on the condition of seepage canal side[J].Inner Mongolia Water Resources,2002(3):96-97.
[5]李永涛.渭河水入渗机理及污染对地下水影响的原位试验及仿真模拟研究[D].西安:长安大学,2003.LI Yong-tao.Study on the penetration mechanism and the influence on groundwaterby pollution of Weihe River using the field test and numerical model[D].Xi′an:Chang′an University,2003.
[6]雷万达,罗玉峰,缴锡云.黄河下游侧渗研究进展[J].人民黄河,2009,31(1):61-64.LEI Wan-da,LUO Yu-feng,JIAO Xi-yun.Research progress on seepage of the lower reaches of the Yellow River[J].Yellow River,2009,31(1):61-64.
[7]李红星,樊贵盛.基于点入渗参数计算土质渠床自由渗漏损失的方法[J].水科学进展,2010,21(3):321-326.LI Hong-xing,FAN Gui-sheng.Method for calculating seepage losses from earth-lined irrigation channels based on point cumulative infiltration[J].Advances in Water Science,2010,21(3):321-326.
[8]周敏.干旱区季节性河流和田河中下游侧向渗漏遥感研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2013.ZHOU Min.Study on lateral leakage of middle-lower reaches of seasonal Hotan River in arid region based on remote sensing[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Normal University,2013.
[9]胡兴林,肖洪浪,蓝永超,等.黑河中上游段河道渗漏量计算方法的试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(2):460-468.HU Xing-lin,XIAO Hong-lang,LAN Yong-chao,et al.Experimental study of calculating method of river seepage in middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(2):460-468.
[10]张晶,程伍群,孟霄,等.自由渗漏灌溉渠道输水损失量计算方法理论探讨[J].节水灌溉,2015(2):58-60.ZHANG Jing,CHENG Wu-qun,MENG Xiao,et al.Theoretical analysis of conveyance loss calculation method for free seepage irrigation channels[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2015(2):58-60.
[11]席海洋,冯起,司建华,等.黑河下游额济纳三角洲河道渗漏对地下水补给研究综述[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(5):1241-1247.XI Hai-yang,FENG Qi,SI Jian-hua,et al.A review of river course leakage in the Ejina delta in the lower reaches of Heihe River[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(5):1241-1247.
[12]Margaret Shanafield,Peter G Cook.Transmission losses,infiltration and groundwater recharge through ephemeral and intermittent streambeds:A review of applied methods[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,511:518-529.