模拟酸雨对福州平原稻田土壤真菌群落结构及多样性影响
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摘要
酸雨已成为全球农业、环境和生态领域关注的重要问题之一.为了探讨酸雨对稻田土壤真菌多样性的影响,了解真菌群落结构变化与酸雨胁迫之间的关系.本文以福州平原稻田为试验场所,根据福州市近年来的酸雨成分,配置不同酸度的模拟酸雨,计算出喷淋量,并于水稻秧苗移栽后每隔7 d喷淋一次酸雨,直至水稻收割.当水稻收获时,采集土壤样品分析不同酸度模拟酸雨处理下早、晚稻土壤真菌群落组成及其丰度.结果表明:①模拟酸雨处理改变了稻田土壤真菌的相对丰度、多样性及群落组成,且不同处理中真菌的优势菌属及相对丰度也具有差异;②早稻3个模拟酸雨处理组均使稻田土壤真菌多样性降低,在晚稻生长期,pH=2.5和pH=3.5处理使稻田土壤真菌多样性降低,而pH=4.5处理则使真菌多样性显著升高;③模拟酸雨处理使Paranamyces、刺座霉属(Volutella)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的相对丰度显著降低,同时也出现了少量Monographella、Hygrocybe、Acremonium等对照组中不存在的菌属;④早、晚稻pH=4.5处理组与对照组之间真菌的物种多样性及群落结构差异均最大;⑤环境因子能够影响土壤中真菌的相对丰度并改变土壤碳组分,其中,真菌Westerdykella(韦斯特壳属)的相对丰度与稻田土壤电导率(EC)呈显著负相关(p<0.01),Psilocybe的相对丰度与稻田土壤微生物量碳(MBC)呈显著正相关(p<0.01).
Acid rain has become one of the most important issues in the global agricultural, environmental and ecological study fields. In order to explore the effect of acid rain on paddy soil fungi diversity, and to understand the relationship between fungal community structure and acid rain stress, the paddy field in Fuzhou Plain was taken as the study site, and set the simulated acid rain of different acidity according to the acid rain component of Fuzhou in recent years, and calculation the spray dose, then simulation acid rain on each 7 d after the rice seedlings transplantation until the rice was harvested. Soil samples were collected to analyze the composition and abundance of fungal communities in early and late paddy fields under simulated acid rain treatment after rice harvest. The results showed that:①The relative abundance, diversity and community composition of soil fungi was changed in the simulated acid rain treatment in paddy field, and the dominant genus and relative abundance of fungi were also differed in various treatments. ②The fungi diversity was reduced in the simulated acid rain treatment in the early paddy field, moreover, fungi diversity was also reduced in the pH=2.5 and pH=3.5 treatments while fungi diversity significantly increased in the pH=4.5 treatment in the late paddy field. ③The relative abundance of Paranamyces, Volutella, Fusarium were significantly decreased in the simulated acid rain treatment, furthermore, appeared Monographella, Hygrocybe, Acremonium, which was not existed in the control. ④The species diversity and community structure of fungi were significantly different between the pH=4.5 and the control group in the early and late paddy fields. ⑤The relative abundance of fungi was influenced by the environmental factors, and then further affected the soil carbon composition. The relative abundance of the fungus genus Westerdykella was significantly and negatively correlated with the soil conductivity in the paddy field(p<0.01). The relative abundance of Psilocybe was significantly and positively correlated with the soil microbial biomass carbon(p<0.01).
Acid rain has become one of the most important issues in the global agricultural, environmental and ecological study fields. In order to explore the effect of acid rain on paddy soil fungi diversity, and to understand the relationship between fungal community structure and acid rain stress, the paddy field in Fuzhou Plain was taken as the study site, and set the simulated acid rain of different acidity according to the acid rain component of Fuzhou in recent years, and calculation the spray dose, then simulation acid rain on each 7 d after the rice seedlings transplantation until the rice was harvested. Soil samples were collected to analyze the composition and abundance of fungal communities in early and late paddy fields under simulated acid rain treatment after rice harvest. The results showed that:①The relative abundance, diversity and community composition of soil fungi was changed in the simulated acid rain treatment in paddy field, and the dominant genus and relative abundance of fungi were also differed in various treatments. ②The fungi diversity was reduced in the simulated acid rain treatment in the early paddy field, moreover, fungi diversity was also reduced in the pH=2.5 and pH=3.5 treatments while fungi diversity significantly increased in the pH=4.5 treatment in the late paddy field. ③The relative abundance of Paranamyces, Volutella, Fusarium were significantly decreased in the simulated acid rain treatment, furthermore, appeared Monographella, Hygrocybe, Acremonium, which was not existed in the control. ④The species diversity and community structure of fungi were significantly different between the pH=4.5 and the control group in the early and late paddy fields. ⑤The relative abundance of fungi was influenced by the environmental factors, and then further affected the soil carbon composition. The relative abundance of the fungus genus Westerdykella was significantly and negatively correlated with the soil conductivity in the paddy field(p<0.01). The relative abundance of Psilocybe was significantly and positively correlated with the soil microbial biomass carbon(p<0.01).
引文
安婉丽,曾从盛,王维奇.2017.模拟酸雨对福州平原水稻田温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学学报,37(10):3984-3994
陈彬彬,王宏,郑秋萍,等.2016.福建省区域酸雨特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,32(4):70-76
陈家松.2016.模拟酸雨胁迫对夏腊梅幼苗生理、生长特性及土壤微生物多样性影响[D].上海:上海师范大学
陈平平,郭莉莉,唐利忠,等.2017.土壤pH对不同酸性敏感型水稻品种氮利用效率与根际土壤生物学特性的影响[J].核农学报,31(4):757-767
程教擘,陈力力,李梦丹,等.2017.不同耕作方式对稻田土壤微生物的影响[J].湖南农业科学,3(8):8-10
De Deyn G B,Cornelissen J H C.2008.Plant functional traits and soil carbon sequestration in contrasting biomes [J].Ecology Letters,11(5):16-53
国惠,于鲁冀.1999.细菌生理群的研究及其生态学意义[J].生态学报,39(1):128-133
黄聚聪,白亮,苏锦,等.2017.2005—2016年福建省酸雨时空变化特征及趋势分析[J].化学工程与装备,(12):328-330
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社
李明桃.2000.酸雨对环境的危害分析[J].现代农业科技,(19):253-254
Liu N,Wang Y J,Zhao Z J,et al.2011.Responses of typical forest litters to acid deposition in southwestern subtropical region[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,25(2):108-113
Liu S G,Zhang T L,Wang X X,et al.2006.Driving factors and countermeasure for the temporal-spatial variability of soil fertility in Yujiang Country of Jiangxi Province[J].Chin J Soil Sci,37(5):869-874
Liu M H,Yi L T,Yu S Q et al.2015.Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and the growth response of Elaeocarpus glabripetalus to simulated acid rain [J].Photosynthetica,53(1):23-28
Liu T W,Wu F H,Wang W H,et al.2011.Effects of calcium on seed germination seedling growth and photosynthesis of six forest tree species under simulated acid rain[J].Tree Physiology,31(4):402-413
马永跃,仝川,王维奇,等.2012.浮萍对福州平原稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响分析[J].中国生态农业学报,20(6):723-727
任立宁.2018.川南毛竹林土壤有机碳和土壤微生物研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院
Rustad L E,Cronan C S.1998.Element loss and retention during litter decay in a red spruce stand in Maine [J].Canadian Journal of Forst Research,18(6):947-953
孙岩,全炳武.2009.模拟酸雨对玉米幼苗生理与根际微生物的影响[J].延边大学农学学报,31(3):165-171
滕应,黄昌勇,龙健,等.2003.铅锌银尾矿污染区土壤微生物区系及主要生理类群研究[J].农业环境科学学报,22(4):408-411
王宝霞.2011.闽江口鳝鱼滩入侵种互花米草与土著芦苇湿地壤碳库特征比较[D].福州:福建师范大学
王丹,马元丹,郭慧媛,等.2015.模拟酸雨胁迫与柳杉凋落物对土壤养分及微生物的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,32(2):195-203
王文娟,杨知建,徐华勤.2015.我国土壤酸化研究概述[J].安徽农业科学,43(8):54-56
王珍.2017.酸雨区不同配比凋落物分解过程中微生物多样性分析[D].福州:福建农林大学
Wardle D A.2008.A comparative assessment of factors which influence microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels in soil[J].Biological Reviews,67(3):321-358
Wang W,Zeng C,Sardans J,et al.2016.Amendment with industrial and agricultural wastes reduces surface-water nutrient loss and storage of dissolved greenhouse gases in a subtropical paddy field[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,231:296-303
Wang L,Wang W,Zhou Q,et al.2014a.Combined effects of lanthanum(III) chloride and acid rain on photosynthetic parameters in rice[J].Chemosphere,112:355-361
Wang L,Chen Z,Shang H,et al.2014b.Impact of simulated acid rain on soil microbial community function in Masson pine seedlings [J].Electronic Journal of Biotechnology,17(5):199-203
肖烨,黄志刚,武海涛,等.2015三江平原不同湿地类型土壤活性有机碳组分及含量差异[J].生态学报,35(23):7625-7633.
易晓芹,田双红,贺群,等.2018.模拟酸雨胁迫对茶树幼苗生长和光合生理的影响[J].基因组学与应用生物学,38(5):1-6
张德明,陈章和,林丽明,等.1998.白云山土壤微生物的季节变化及其对环境污染的反应[J].生态科学,17(1):40 -45
张萍华,申秀英,许晓路,等.2004.模拟酸雨对中药基质土壤微生物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,23(2):281-283
张琼,陆銮眉,戴清霞,等.2018.模拟酸雨对琯溪蜜柚土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].泉州师范学院学报,36(2):6-12
张仲胜,李敏,宋晓林,等.2018.气候变化对土壤有机碳库分子结构特征与稳定性影响研究进展[J].土壤学报,5(2):273-282
中科院南京土壤研究所土壤物理室.1978.土壤物理性质测定方法[M].北京:科学出版社
朱秋丽,曾冬萍,王纯,等.2016.废弃物施加对福州平原稻田土壤团聚体分布及其稳定性的影响[J].环境科学学报,36(8):3000-3008
陈彬彬,王宏,郑秋萍,等.2016.福建省区域酸雨特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,32(4):70-76
陈家松.2016.模拟酸雨胁迫对夏腊梅幼苗生理、生长特性及土壤微生物多样性影响[D].上海:上海师范大学
陈平平,郭莉莉,唐利忠,等.2017.土壤pH对不同酸性敏感型水稻品种氮利用效率与根际土壤生物学特性的影响[J].核农学报,31(4):757-767
程教擘,陈力力,李梦丹,等.2017.不同耕作方式对稻田土壤微生物的影响[J].湖南农业科学,3(8):8-10
De Deyn G B,Cornelissen J H C.2008.Plant functional traits and soil carbon sequestration in contrasting biomes [J].Ecology Letters,11(5):16-53
国惠,于鲁冀.1999.细菌生理群的研究及其生态学意义[J].生态学报,39(1):128-133
黄聚聪,白亮,苏锦,等.2017.2005—2016年福建省酸雨时空变化特征及趋势分析[J].化学工程与装备,(12):328-330
鲁如坤.2000.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社
李明桃.2000.酸雨对环境的危害分析[J].现代农业科技,(19):253-254
Liu N,Wang Y J,Zhao Z J,et al.2011.Responses of typical forest litters to acid deposition in southwestern subtropical region[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,25(2):108-113
Liu S G,Zhang T L,Wang X X,et al.2006.Driving factors and countermeasure for the temporal-spatial variability of soil fertility in Yujiang Country of Jiangxi Province[J].Chin J Soil Sci,37(5):869-874
Liu M H,Yi L T,Yu S Q et al.2015.Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and the growth response of Elaeocarpus glabripetalus to simulated acid rain [J].Photosynthetica,53(1):23-28
Liu T W,Wu F H,Wang W H,et al.2011.Effects of calcium on seed germination seedling growth and photosynthesis of six forest tree species under simulated acid rain[J].Tree Physiology,31(4):402-413
马永跃,仝川,王维奇,等.2012.浮萍对福州平原稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响分析[J].中国生态农业学报,20(6):723-727
任立宁.2018.川南毛竹林土壤有机碳和土壤微生物研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院
Rustad L E,Cronan C S.1998.Element loss and retention during litter decay in a red spruce stand in Maine [J].Canadian Journal of Forst Research,18(6):947-953
孙岩,全炳武.2009.模拟酸雨对玉米幼苗生理与根际微生物的影响[J].延边大学农学学报,31(3):165-171
滕应,黄昌勇,龙健,等.2003.铅锌银尾矿污染区土壤微生物区系及主要生理类群研究[J].农业环境科学学报,22(4):408-411
王宝霞.2011.闽江口鳝鱼滩入侵种互花米草与土著芦苇湿地壤碳库特征比较[D].福州:福建师范大学
王丹,马元丹,郭慧媛,等.2015.模拟酸雨胁迫与柳杉凋落物对土壤养分及微生物的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,32(2):195-203
王文娟,杨知建,徐华勤.2015.我国土壤酸化研究概述[J].安徽农业科学,43(8):54-56
王珍.2017.酸雨区不同配比凋落物分解过程中微生物多样性分析[D].福州:福建农林大学
Wardle D A.2008.A comparative assessment of factors which influence microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels in soil[J].Biological Reviews,67(3):321-358
Wang W,Zeng C,Sardans J,et al.2016.Amendment with industrial and agricultural wastes reduces surface-water nutrient loss and storage of dissolved greenhouse gases in a subtropical paddy field[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,231:296-303
Wang L,Wang W,Zhou Q,et al.2014a.Combined effects of lanthanum(III) chloride and acid rain on photosynthetic parameters in rice[J].Chemosphere,112:355-361
Wang L,Chen Z,Shang H,et al.2014b.Impact of simulated acid rain on soil microbial community function in Masson pine seedlings [J].Electronic Journal of Biotechnology,17(5):199-203
肖烨,黄志刚,武海涛,等.2015三江平原不同湿地类型土壤活性有机碳组分及含量差异[J].生态学报,35(23):7625-7633.
易晓芹,田双红,贺群,等.2018.模拟酸雨胁迫对茶树幼苗生长和光合生理的影响[J].基因组学与应用生物学,38(5):1-6
张德明,陈章和,林丽明,等.1998.白云山土壤微生物的季节变化及其对环境污染的反应[J].生态科学,17(1):40 -45
张萍华,申秀英,许晓路,等.2004.模拟酸雨对中药基质土壤微生物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,23(2):281-283
张琼,陆銮眉,戴清霞,等.2018.模拟酸雨对琯溪蜜柚土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].泉州师范学院学报,36(2):6-12
张仲胜,李敏,宋晓林,等.2018.气候变化对土壤有机碳库分子结构特征与稳定性影响研究进展[J].土壤学报,5(2):273-282
中科院南京土壤研究所土壤物理室.1978.土壤物理性质测定方法[M].北京:科学出版社
朱秋丽,曾冬萍,王纯,等.2016.废弃物施加对福州平原稻田土壤团聚体分布及其稳定性的影响[J].环境科学学报,36(8):3000-3008