海陆过渡相页岩孔隙结构特征及分形维数研究
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摘要
页岩孔隙结构的研究是页岩储集性及含气性评价的重要方面。运用低温氮气等温吸附实验对龙潭组页岩储层的孔隙特征进行了测定,通过孔隙分形维数的计算结合岩石矿物组分、有机质含量及热成熟度测试探讨了龙潭组页岩孔隙结构特征及影响因素。分析结果表明:龙潭组页岩孔隙结构复杂,孔隙类型包括一端封闭型的不透气孔、开放型平行板状狭缝及墨水瓶状孔,平均孔径分布在5.38~13.3 nm,平均为7.78 nm,孔径分布呈双峰型分布的特征;孔隙分形特征明显,分形维数在2.49~2.62,平均为2.54;分形维数受有机质特征、矿物成分及孔隙结构特征共同影响,具体表现为分形维数随TOC(有机碳含量)、R_O、黏土矿物含量及比表面积的增加而增大,随长石含量及样品的平均孔径的增加而减小,与石英及其他矿物成分无明显的相关性。
The study of pore structure of shales is considered as a significant part in the evaluation of reservoir properties and gas content of gas shales. Low temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment was conducted to determine the pore characteristics of shales in Longtan Formation,in addition,a further study of pore structure and its controlling factors were investigated through the calculation of fractal dimensions of the pore combined with tests such as mineral composition,organic matter content and thermal maturity. The results show that the Longtan shales have a relatively complicated pore structure,which consist mainly of airtight pores closed at an end,open parallel plate silts and ink-bottle pores. Pore diameters vary in 5. 38 ~ 13. 3 nm and 7. 78 nm on the average which show a bimodal pattern in terms of pore size distributions. The Longtan shales show significant fractal characteristics,of which the fractal dimensions range from 2. 49 to 2. 62,and 2. 54 on the average. There is closely correlation between the fractal dimensions and organic matters,mineral compositions and pore structure,as is proved by the fact that fractal dimensions increase with TOC content,R_O,total clay content and specific surface areas,while decrease with feldspar content and average pore diameter and no correlation is found between them and quartz,neither do other minerals.
The study of pore structure of shales is considered as a significant part in the evaluation of reservoir properties and gas content of gas shales. Low temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment was conducted to determine the pore characteristics of shales in Longtan Formation,in addition,a further study of pore structure and its controlling factors were investigated through the calculation of fractal dimensions of the pore combined with tests such as mineral composition,organic matter content and thermal maturity. The results show that the Longtan shales have a relatively complicated pore structure,which consist mainly of airtight pores closed at an end,open parallel plate silts and ink-bottle pores. Pore diameters vary in 5. 38 ~ 13. 3 nm and 7. 78 nm on the average which show a bimodal pattern in terms of pore size distributions. The Longtan shales show significant fractal characteristics,of which the fractal dimensions range from 2. 49 to 2. 62,and 2. 54 on the average. There is closely correlation between the fractal dimensions and organic matters,mineral compositions and pore structure,as is proved by the fact that fractal dimensions increase with TOC content,R_O,total clay content and specific surface areas,while decrease with feldspar content and average pore diameter and no correlation is found between them and quartz,neither do other minerals.
引文
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2冯薇澍,薛海涛,李吉君,等.齐家-古龙凹陷青一段页岩气有利区预测及资源潜力评价.科学技术与工程,2013;13(9):2331-2338Feng Weishu,Xue Haitao,Li Jijun,et al.Prediction and resource calculated of K1qn1 shale gas in Qijia-Gulong Depression.Science Technology and Engineering,2013;13(9):2331-2338
3杨发荣,郭为.页岩气吸附综合模型及其应用.科学技术与工程,2016(1):172-175Yang Farong,Guo Wei.A comprehensive model for adsorption of methane on gas shale and its application.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;(1):172-175
4 Ross D J K,Bustin R M.The importance of shale composition and pore structure upon gas storage potential of shale gas reservoirs.Marine&Petroleum Geology,2009;26(6):916-927
5 Chalmers G R,Bustin R M,Power I M.Characterization of gas shale pore systems by porosimetry,pycnometry,surface area,and field emission scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy image analyses:Examples from the Barnett,Woodford,Haynesville,Marcellus,and Doig unit.AAPG Bulletin,2012;96(6):1099-1119
6曹涛涛,宋之光,刘光祥,等.氮气吸附法-压汞法分析页岩孔隙、分形特征及其影响因素.油气地质与采收率,2016;23(2):1-8Cao Taotao,Song Zhiguang,Liu Guangxiang,et al.Characteristics of shale pores,fractal dimension and their controlling factors determined by nitrogen adsorption and mercury injection methods.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016;23(2):1-8
7窦文超,刘洛夫,吴康军,等.基于压汞实验研究低渗储层孔隙结构及其对渗透率的影响---以鄂尔多斯盆地西南部三叠系延长组长7储层为例.地质论评,2016;62(2):502-511Dou Wenchao,Liu Luofu,Wu Kangjun,et al.Pore structure characteristics and its effect on permeability by mercury injection measurement:an example from Triassic Chang 7 reservoir,Southwest Ordos Basin.Geological Review,2016;62(2):502-511
8付常青,朱炎铭,陈尚斌.浙西荷塘组页岩孔隙结构及分形特征研究.中国矿业大学学报,2016;45(1):77-86Fu Changqing,Zhu Yanming,Chen Shangbin.Pore structure and fractal features of Hetang formation shale in western Zhejiang.Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2016;45(1):77-86
9孙寅森,郭少斌.基于图像分析技术的页岩微观孔隙特征定性及定量表征.地球科学进展,2016;31(7):751-763Sun Yinsen,Guo Shaobin.Qualitative and quantitative characterization of shale microscopic pore characteristics based on image analysis technology.Advances in Earth Science,2016;31(7):751-763
10吴浩,姚素平,焦堃,等.下扬子区上二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探前景.煤炭学报,2013;38(5):870-876Wu Hao,Yao Suping,Jiao Kun,et al.Shale gas exploration prospect of Longtan Formation in the Lower Yangtze area of China.Journal of China Coal Society,2013;38(5):870-876
11潘继平,乔德武,李世臻,等.下扬子地区古生界页岩气地质条件与勘探前景.地质通报,2011;30(2):337-343Pan Jiping,Qiao Dewu,Li Shizhen,et al.Shale gas geological conditions and exploration prospect of the Paleozoic marine strata in lower Yangtze area,China.Geological Bulletin of China,2011;30(2):337-343
12李霞,王勤,黄志诚.页岩孔隙结构研究进展及下扬子古生界页岩孔隙特征.地质学刊,2015;39(1):13-24Li Xia,Wang Qin,Huang Zhicheng.A review of pore structures of shales and characteristics of pores in the Paleozoic shales from the Lower Yangtze region.Journal of Geology,2015;39(1):13-24
13黄保家,施荣富,赵幸滨,等.下扬子皖南地区古生界页岩气形成条件及勘探潜力评价.煤炭学报,2013;38(5):877-882Huang Baojia,Shi Rongfu,Zhao Qingbin,et al.Geological conditions of Paleozoic shale gas formation and its exploration potential in the South Anhui,Lower Yangtze area.Journal of China Coal Society,2013;38(5):877-882
14田瑞聪,龚建明,田杰鹏,等.下扬子地区龙潭组煤系地层特征.海洋地质前沿,2016;32(1):60-65Tian Ruicong,Gong Jianming,Tian Jiepeng,et al.Stratigraphic features of the coal-bearing Longtan Formation in the Lower Yangze Area.Marine Geology Frontiers,2016;32(1):60-65
15蔡周荣,夏斌,黄强太,等.上、下扬子区古生界页岩气形成和保存的构造背景对比分析.天然气地球科学,2015;26(8):1446-1454Cai Zhourong,Xia Bin,Huang Qiangtai,et al.Comparative study of the tectonic setting on the formation and preservation of Paleozoic shale gas between the Upper Yangtze and the Lower Yangtze Platforms.Natural Gas Geoscience,2015;26(8):1446-1454
16闫德宇,黄文辉,陆小霞,等.下扬子区海陆过渡相不同沉积环境页岩气成藏条件对比.煤炭学报,2016;41(7):1778-1787Yan Deyu,Huang Wenhui,Lu Xiaoxia,et al.Contrast of reservoirforming conditions of marine-continental transitional shale gas in different sedimentary environments in the Lower Yangtze area of China.Journal of China Coal Society,2016;41(7):1778-1787
17张吉振,李贤庆,王元,等.海陆过渡相煤系页岩气成藏条件及储层特征---以四川盆地南部龙潭组为例.煤炭学报,2015;40(8):1871-1878Zhang Jizhen,Li Xianqing,Wang Yuan,et al.Accumulation conditions and reservoir characteristics of marine-terrigenous facies coal measures shale gas from Longtan Formation in South Sichuan Basin.Journal of China Coal Society,2015;40(8):1871-1878
18 Rouquerol J,Llewellyn P,Rouquerol F.Is the BET equation applicable to microporous adsorbents.Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis,2007;160(7):49-56
19 Rouquerol F,Rouquerol J,Sing K.Adsorption by powders and porous solids:principles,methodology and applications.Academic Press,2014:56-63
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