基于动静应力分析的复杂工作面冲击危险评价
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摘要
为在回采前定量评价复杂条件工作面冲击危险等级及划分冲击危险区域,基于冲击矿压发生的动静叠加诱冲原理,以济宁三号煤矿复杂条件工作面为工程背景,提出了基于动静应力分析的冲击危险评价方法。实验室试验研究表明,煤体动力破坏的临界应力与煤的单轴抗压强度密切相关,根据煤体单轴抗压强度,确定了济宁三号煤矿复杂工作面冲击临界应力为70 MPa。采用FLAC3D数值软件,研究了工作面原岩应力与采动支承压力分布规律,得到了静载应力分布曲线。探讨了工作面过断层期间的应力演化规律,根据断层至工作面的距离,将采动作用下断层附近支承压力对冲击影响程度分为4级,即小于10 m时为塑性变形区,10～20 m为冲击弹性区,20～50 m为应力叠加区,大于50 m为原始应力区。采用理论分析,计算了坚硬顶板破断来压的能量释放规律,工作面基本顶破断步距在50 m时,释放能量达到105J,对应动载应力为10 MPa。基于动静载应力水平,给出了冲击危险等级评价与划分标准,将冲击危险性分为4级,动静载最大叠加应力小于50 MPa为无冲击危险; 50～70 MPa为弱冲击危险; 70～105MPa为中等冲击危险,大于105 MPa为强冲击危险。对123下04工作面冲击危险进行了评价与分区,与现场微震监测结果具有较高的一致性,为工作面的安全回采提供了支持。
In order to quantitatively evaluate the rockburst impact hazard level and the division of hazard area before the mining of complex working face,and based on the dynamic and static superposition principle of rockburst,the complex condition working face of Jining No.3 Coal Mine is taken as the engineering background,a rockburst assessment method based on dynamic and static stress analysis was proposed in this paper.Laboratory tests have shown that the critical stress of dynamic failure of coal was closely related to the uniaxial compressive strength.According to the uniaxial compressive strength of coal,the critical impact stress of Jining No.3 Coal Mine was determined to be70 MPa.The FLAC numerical software was used to study the distribution law of the original rock stress and the mining support pressure,and the static load stress distribution curve was obtained.The stress evolution law of the working face during the fault crossing was discussed.According to the distance of the fault from the working face,the influence of the supporting pressure near the fault under the mining activity was divided into 4 grades,that is,the plastic deformation zone( less than 10 m),the impact elastic zone( 10 ～ 20 m),the stress superposition zone( 20 to 50 m),and the original stress zone( more than 50 m). Based on theoretical analysis,the energy release law of hard roof breaking was calculated.When the breakage step distance of the main roof reaches 50 m,the release of energy canreach 105 J and the corresponding dynamic load stress is 10 MPa.Based on the static and dynamic stress level,the rockburst hazard eval-uation criteria are given and the impact risk is divided into 4 levels.No impact risk when the maximum superimposed stress of dynamic and static load is less than50 MPa,weak impact risk at 50 MPa to 70 MPa,medium impact risk at 70 MPa to 105 MPa,and strong impact hazard when the stress is more than 105 MPa.The impact risk of the 123 working face was evaluated and divided,which was consistent with the results of the on-site microseismic monitoring and this provides support for the safe mining of the working face.
In order to quantitatively evaluate the rockburst impact hazard level and the division of hazard area before the mining of complex working face,and based on the dynamic and static superposition principle of rockburst,the complex condition working face of Jining No.3 Coal Mine is taken as the engineering background,a rockburst assessment method based on dynamic and static stress analysis was proposed in this paper.Laboratory tests have shown that the critical stress of dynamic failure of coal was closely related to the uniaxial compressive strength.According to the uniaxial compressive strength of coal,the critical impact stress of Jining No.3 Coal Mine was determined to be70 MPa.The FLAC numerical software was used to study the distribution law of the original rock stress and the mining support pressure,and the static load stress distribution curve was obtained.The stress evolution law of the working face during the fault crossing was discussed.According to the distance of the fault from the working face,the influence of the supporting pressure near the fault under the mining activity was divided into 4 grades,that is,the plastic deformation zone( less than 10 m),the impact elastic zone( 10 ～ 20 m),the stress superposition zone( 20 to 50 m),and the original stress zone( more than 50 m). Based on theoretical analysis,the energy release law of hard roof breaking was calculated.When the breakage step distance of the main roof reaches 50 m,the release of energy canreach 105 J and the corresponding dynamic load stress is 10 MPa.Based on the static and dynamic stress level,the rockburst hazard eval-uation criteria are given and the impact risk is divided into 4 levels.No impact risk when the maximum superimposed stress of dynamic and static load is less than50 MPa,weak impact risk at 50 MPa to 70 MPa,medium impact risk at 70 MPa to 105 MPa,and strong impact hazard when the stress is more than 105 MPa.The impact risk of the 123 working face was evaluated and divided,which was consistent with the results of the on-site microseismic monitoring and this provides support for the safe mining of the working face.
引文
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[8]金佩剑,王恩元,刘晓斐,等.冲击矿压危险性综合评价的突变级数法研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(2):256-261.JIN Peijian,WANG Enyuan,LIU Xiaofei,et al. Catastrophe progression method on comprehensive evaluation of rock burst[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2013,30(2):256-261.
[9] PENG S S.Coal mine ground control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2013.
[10] KIM K M,KEMENY J.Effect of thermal shock and rapid unloading on mechanical rock properties[J]. Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2009,47(6):2005-2019.
[11] DOU L M,CHEN T J,GONG S Y,et al.Rockburst hazard determination by using computed tomography technology in deep workface[J].Safety Science,2012,50(4):736-740.
[12]窦林名,贺虎,何江,等.冲击危险评价的相对应力集中系数叠加法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(2):327-332.DOU Linming,HE Hu,HE Jiang,et al. New method of rockburst risk assessment using relative stress concentration factor superposition[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(2):327-332.
[13]姜福兴,舒凑先,王存文.基于应力叠加回采工作面冲击危险性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(12):2428-2435.JIANG Fuxing,SHU Couxian,WANG Cunwen. Impact risk appraisal of stope working faces based on stress superimposition[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(12):2428-2435.
[14]李东,姜福兴,陈洋,等.深井富水工作面“动—静”应力效应诱发冲击地压机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(9):1714-1722.LI Dong,JIANG Fuxing,CHEN Yang,et al. Mechanism of rockburst induced by “dynamic-static”stress effect in waterrich working face of deep well[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(9):1714-1722.
[15]齐庆新,李晓璐,赵善坤.煤矿冲击地压应力控制理论与实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):1-5.QI Qingxin,LI Xiaolu,ZHAO Shankun. Theory and Practices on Stress Control of Mine Pressure Bumping[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):1-5.
[16]张宏伟,荣海,陈建强,等.基于地质动力区划的近直立特厚煤层冲击地压危险性评价[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.ZHANG Hongwei,RONG Hai,CHEN Jianqiang,et al. Risk assessment of rockburst based on geo-dynamic division method in suberect and extremely thick coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(12):2755-2762.
[17]周健,史秀志.冲击地压危险性等级预测的Fisher判别分析方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(S1):22-27.ZHOU Jian,SHI Xiuzhi. Fisher discriminant analysis method for prediction of classification of rock burst risk[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(S1):22-27.
[18]窦林名,何江,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压动静载叠加原理及其防治[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(7):1469-1476.DOU Linming,HE Jiang,CAO Anye,et al. Rock burst prevention methods based on theory of dynamic and static combined load induced in coal mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(7):1469-1476.
[19]何江,窦林名,蔡武,等.薄煤层动静组合诱发冲击地压的机制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(11):2177-2182.HE Jiang,DOU Linming,CAI Wu,et al. Mechanism of dynamic and static combined load inducing rock burst in thin coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(11):2177-2182.
[20] DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu,HE Hu,et al.Spatial structure evolution of overlying strata and inducing mechanism of rockburst in coal mine[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals. Society of China,2014,24(4):1255-1261.
[2]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al.State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.
[3]窦林名,白金正,李学伟,等基于动静载叠加原理的冲击矿压灾害防治技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(10):1-8.DOU Linming,BAI Jinzheng,LI Xuewei,et al.Study on prevention and control technology of rockburst disaster based on theory of dynamic and static combined load[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(10):1-8.
[4]窦林名,姜耀东,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压动静载的“应力场-震动波场”监测预警技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):803-810.DOU Linming,JIANG Yaodong,CAO Anye,et al.Rockburst hazard monitoring and pre-warning technology of“stress field and wave field”in underground coal mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):803-810.
[5]姜福兴,姚顺利,魏全德,等.矿震诱发型冲击地压临场预警机制及应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(S1):3372-3380.JIANG Fuxing,YAO Shunli,WEI Quande. Study of site forwarn mechanism of rock burst induced by shock bump and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S1):3372-3380.
[6]潘俊锋.煤矿冲击地压启动理论及其成套技术体系研究[J].煤炭学报,2019,44(1):173-182.PAN Junfeng.Theory of rockburst start-up and its complete technology system[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(1):173-182.
[7]陈凡,曹安业,窦林名,等.基于区域划分与主控因素辨识的冲击危险性评价方法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(3):607-615.CHEN Fan,CAO Anye,DOU Linming,et al. The method of coal burst hazard assessment based on region division and identification of main impact factors[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(3):607-615.
[8]金佩剑,王恩元,刘晓斐,等.冲击矿压危险性综合评价的突变级数法研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(2):256-261.JIN Peijian,WANG Enyuan,LIU Xiaofei,et al. Catastrophe progression method on comprehensive evaluation of rock burst[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2013,30(2):256-261.
[9] PENG S S.Coal mine ground control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2013.
[10] KIM K M,KEMENY J.Effect of thermal shock and rapid unloading on mechanical rock properties[J]. Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2009,47(6):2005-2019.
[11] DOU L M,CHEN T J,GONG S Y,et al.Rockburst hazard determination by using computed tomography technology in deep workface[J].Safety Science,2012,50(4):736-740.
[12]窦林名,贺虎,何江,等.冲击危险评价的相对应力集中系数叠加法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(2):327-332.DOU Linming,HE Hu,HE Jiang,et al. New method of rockburst risk assessment using relative stress concentration factor superposition[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(2):327-332.
[13]姜福兴,舒凑先,王存文.基于应力叠加回采工作面冲击危险性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(12):2428-2435.JIANG Fuxing,SHU Couxian,WANG Cunwen. Impact risk appraisal of stope working faces based on stress superimposition[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(12):2428-2435.
[14]李东,姜福兴,陈洋,等.深井富水工作面“动—静”应力效应诱发冲击地压机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(9):1714-1722.LI Dong,JIANG Fuxing,CHEN Yang,et al. Mechanism of rockburst induced by “dynamic-static”stress effect in waterrich working face of deep well[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(9):1714-1722.
[15]齐庆新,李晓璐,赵善坤.煤矿冲击地压应力控制理论与实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):1-5.QI Qingxin,LI Xiaolu,ZHAO Shankun. Theory and Practices on Stress Control of Mine Pressure Bumping[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):1-5.
[16]张宏伟,荣海,陈建强,等.基于地质动力区划的近直立特厚煤层冲击地压危险性评价[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.ZHANG Hongwei,RONG Hai,CHEN Jianqiang,et al. Risk assessment of rockburst based on geo-dynamic division method in suberect and extremely thick coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(12):2755-2762.
[17]周健,史秀志.冲击地压危险性等级预测的Fisher判别分析方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(S1):22-27.ZHOU Jian,SHI Xiuzhi. Fisher discriminant analysis method for prediction of classification of rock burst risk[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(S1):22-27.
[18]窦林名,何江,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压动静载叠加原理及其防治[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(7):1469-1476.DOU Linming,HE Jiang,CAO Anye,et al. Rock burst prevention methods based on theory of dynamic and static combined load induced in coal mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(7):1469-1476.
[19]何江,窦林名,蔡武,等.薄煤层动静组合诱发冲击地压的机制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(11):2177-2182.HE Jiang,DOU Linming,CAI Wu,et al. Mechanism of dynamic and static combined load inducing rock burst in thin coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(11):2177-2182.
[20] DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu,HE Hu,et al.Spatial structure evolution of overlying strata and inducing mechanism of rockburst in coal mine[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals. Society of China,2014,24(4):1255-1261.
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