面向节能的冲压车间调度优化方法
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摘要
合理的车间调度是降低制造业生产能耗的有效策略之一。结合冲压车间生产特性,分析了冲压车间中冲压件加工过程的能耗,以完工时间最小和车间总能耗最低为目标,建立了面向冲压车间的优化调度模型,在模型中考虑冲压件的批量以及运输能耗。采用遗传模拟退火算法对模型进行求解,并对4种批量冲压件的加工进行了实例分析。结果显示:采用优化调度方案与传统调度方案相比,在完工时间增加了2.56%的基础上,车间总能耗降低了5.25%,平衡了完工时间与总能耗;同时,考虑运输能耗的调度将有助于决策者选择更加节能的调度方案。研究结果验证了所建立模型的可行性及有效性。
Reasonable workshop scheduling is one of the effective strategies to reduce energy consumption in manufacturing industry. According to the production characteristics of stamping workshop,the energy consumption in the machining process of stamping parts was analyzed,and the optimal scheduling model for stamping workshop considering the batch of stamping parts and transportation energy consumption was established taking the minimized completion time and total energy consumption of workshop as the optimization objectives. Furthermore,the model was solved by genetic-simulated annealing algorithm,and the processing of four types of batch stamping parts was analyzed with examples. The result shows that comparing with the traditional scheduling scheme,the completion time of the optimal scheduling scheme increases 2. 56%,and the total energy consumption of workshop decreases 5. 25%. Thus,the completion time and total energy consumption are up to balance. At the same time,the scheduling considering transportation energy consumption can help decision-makers to choose a more energy-efficient scheduling scheme,and the feasibility and validity of the established model is verified by the research results.
Reasonable workshop scheduling is one of the effective strategies to reduce energy consumption in manufacturing industry. According to the production characteristics of stamping workshop,the energy consumption in the machining process of stamping parts was analyzed,and the optimal scheduling model for stamping workshop considering the batch of stamping parts and transportation energy consumption was established taking the minimized completion time and total energy consumption of workshop as the optimization objectives. Furthermore,the model was solved by genetic-simulated annealing algorithm,and the processing of four types of batch stamping parts was analyzed with examples. The result shows that comparing with the traditional scheduling scheme,the completion time of the optimal scheduling scheme increases 2. 56%,and the total energy consumption of workshop decreases 5. 25%. Thus,the completion time and total energy consumption are up to balance. At the same time,the scheduling considering transportation energy consumption can help decision-makers to choose a more energy-efficient scheduling scheme,and the feasibility and validity of the established model is verified by the research results.
引文
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[20]张超勇,董星,王晓娟,等.基于改进非支配排序遗传算法的多目标柔性作业车间调度[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(11):156-164.Zhang C Y,Dong X,Wang X J,et al.Improved NSGA-II for the multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling problem[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(11):156-164.
[2]Branker K,Jeswiet J,Kim I Y.Greenhouse gases emitted in manufacturing a product-A new economic model[J].CIRP AnnalsManufacturing Technology,2011,60(1):53-56.
[3]Ingarao G,Ambrogio G,Gagliardi F,et al.A sustainability point of view on sheet metal forming operations:Material wasting and energy consumption in incremental forming and stamping processes[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2012,29-30(5):255-268.
[4]Roychowdhury S,Allen T T,Allen N B.A genetic algorithm with an earliest due date encoding for scheduling automotive stamping operations[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering,2017,105:201-209.
[5]Gao M D,Huang H H,Li X Y,et al.Carbon emission analysis and reduction for stamping process chain[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2017,91(1-4):667-678.
[6]何彦,刘飞,曹华军,等.面向绿色制造的机械加工系统任务优化调度模型[J].机械工程学报,2007,43(4):27-33.He Y,Liu F,Cao H J,et al.Job scheduling model of machining system for green manufacturing[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2007,43(4):27-33.
[7]Caglar G B,Begen M A,Ozmutlu H C,et al.Scheduling methods for efficient stamping operations at an automotive company[J].Production&Operations Management,2016,25(11):1902-1918.
[8]徐兵,李建军.基于混合蚁群遗传算法的冲压生产调度研究[J].计算机工程,2012,38(13):215-217.Xu B,Li J J.Research on press production schedule based on mixed ant colony genetic algorithm[J].Computer Engineering,2012,38(13):215-217.
[9]李峥峰,喻道远,杨曙年,等.基于工序约束并行机模型的冲压线调度[J].计算机集成制造系统,2009,15(12):2432-2438.Li Z F,Yu D Y,Yang S N,et al.Press line scheduling based on operation constraints parallel machine model[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2009,15(12):2432-2438.
[10]任漪舟,阚树林,尉玉峰,等.汽车零部件生产企业生产批量计划优化研究[J].机械制造,2009,47(12):57-60.Ren Y Z,Kan S L,Yu Y F,et al.Research on production batch planning optimization of auto parts manufacturing enterprises[J].Mechanical Manufacturing,2009,47(12):57-60.
[11]蒋增强,左乐.低碳策略下的多目标柔性作业车间调度[J].计算机集成制造系统,2015,21(4):1023-1031.Jiang Z Q,Zuo L.Multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling based on low-carbon strategy[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(4):1023-1031.
[12]Mokhtari H,Hasani A.An energy-efficient multi-objective optimization for flexible job-shop scheduling problem[J].Computers&Chemical Engineering,2017,104(2):339-352.
[13]He Y,Li Y,Wu T,et al.An energy-responsive optimization method for machine tool selection and operation sequence in flexible machining job shops[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,87(1):245-254.
[14]Yin L,Li X,Gao L,et al.A novel mathematical model and multiobjective method for the low-carbon flexible job shop scheduling problem,considering productivity,energy efficiency and noise reduction[J].Sustainable Computing Informatics&Systems,2017,13:15-30.
[15]王平,崔礼春,熊飞.汽车冲压车间的工艺规划设计[J].锻压技术,2012,37(6):135-137.Wang P,Cui L C,Xiong F.Process planning design of automotive stamping workshop[J]Forging&Stamping Technology,2012,37(6):135-137.
[16]G9schel A,Sterzing A,Sch9nherr J.Balancing procedure for energy and material flows in sheet metal forming[J].CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology,2011,4(2):170-179.
[17]张超勇,饶运清,刘向军,等.基于POX交叉的遗传算法求解Job-Shop调度问题[J].中国机械工程,2004,15(23):2149-2153.Zhang C Y,Rao Y Q,Liu X J,et al.An improved genetic algorithm for the job shop scheduling problem[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2004,15(23):2149-2153.
[18]Malakooti B.Independent,convergent,and divergent decision behaviour for interactive multiple objectives linear programming[J].Engineering Optimization,2010,42(4):325-346.
[19]王凌.车间调度及其遗传算法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.Wang L.Job Shop Scheduling and Its Genetic Algorithm[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003.
[20]张超勇,董星,王晓娟,等.基于改进非支配排序遗传算法的多目标柔性作业车间调度[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(11):156-164.Zhang C Y,Dong X,Wang X J,et al.Improved NSGA-II for the multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling problem[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(11):156-164.