1981—2015年神农架林区森林生态系统净初级生产力估算
|
摘要
湖北省神农架林区是全国唯一以林区命名的行政单位,拥有全球中纬度地区唯一一块保存完好的原始森林,量化其森林生态系统NPP(net primary productivity,净初级生产力)对县域生态系统评估工作十分重要.基于CEVSA2(carbon exchange between vegetation,soil and atmosphere 2)模型模拟1981—2015年神农架林区森林生态系统NPP,并利用中国生态系统研究网络神农架站观测数据和野外调查数据进行验证,进而分析其NPP时空变化特征及其主要环境影响因子.结果表明:①1981—2015年神农架林区森林生态系统年均NPP为628. 27 g/m2(以C计),空间分布表现为中部较低、东部以及周边较高,具有明显的空间异质性.②1981—2015年神农架林区年均NPP的增长速率为2. 58 g/(m2·a)(R2=0. 65,P<0. 001);运用Mann-Kendall突变检验法发现,1998年前后是NPP增长速率变化的突变点,虽然1998年前后两个时段NPP均呈上升趋势,但1999—2015年NPP增长率较1981—1998年下降了7. 01%;从空间上来看,林区中部和北部NPP增长率〔4～6 g/(m2·a)〕相对较高,南部和东部部分地区NPP呈下降趋势,其变化速率在-3～0 g/(m2·a)之间.③神农架林区NPP年际变化与年均温、总辐射年际变化均呈正相关,与年降水量年际变化呈负相关,其中年均温年际变化对NPP年际变化的解释率最高,为43%(P<0. 01);在空间尺度上,林区森林生态系统约67. 83%区域的NPP年际变化由年均温年际变化控制,主要分布在林区中部和东南部,可见年均温是该地区森林生态系统NPP的主要影响因素.
The Shennongjia Forestry District of Hubei Province has a well preserved primeval forest at the mid-latitude region in the world,and it is the only administrative unit named by forest in China. Quantifying the net primary productivity(NPP) of the forest ecosystems plays an important role in the county ecosystem assessment. Based on the CEVSA2(carbon exchange between vegetation,soil and atmosphere 2) model,we simulated the NPP of forests during 1981-2015,and verified the model performance using the field survey data. Then we analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of NPP and its correlation with climate factors. The results showed that:(1) The average NPP was 628. 27 g/m2 during 1981-2015,and the spatial distribution had significant spatial heterogeneity,lower in the central part and higher in the surrounding and east area.(2) The mean increasing rate of NPP was 2. 58 g/(m2·a)(R2= 0. 65,P<0. 001) during1981-2015,and the turning point was found around 1998 using Mann-Kendall method. The NPP showed an upward trend in both periods,but the increasing rate decreased by 7. 01% in the latter period.(3) The increasing rate of the middle and northern areas was relatively high(4-6 g/(m2·a)),while the southwestern and eastern parts showed downward trends(-3-0 g/(m2·a)). The inter-annual variation of NPP had a positive correlation with temperature and global radiation,but a negative correlation with precipitation. The inter-annual variation of temperature has the highest explanatory rate of NPP,which is 43%(P<0. 01). In the spatial scale,the inter-annual variation of NPP in about 67. 83% of the study area,located in the central and southeastern parts,was controlled by temperature. We can see that temperature was the main environmental factor driving the spatial and temporal variations of the NPP in the Shennongjia Forestry District.
The Shennongjia Forestry District of Hubei Province has a well preserved primeval forest at the mid-latitude region in the world,and it is the only administrative unit named by forest in China. Quantifying the net primary productivity(NPP) of the forest ecosystems plays an important role in the county ecosystem assessment. Based on the CEVSA2(carbon exchange between vegetation,soil and atmosphere 2) model,we simulated the NPP of forests during 1981-2015,and verified the model performance using the field survey data. Then we analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of NPP and its correlation with climate factors. The results showed that:(1) The average NPP was 628. 27 g/m2 during 1981-2015,and the spatial distribution had significant spatial heterogeneity,lower in the central part and higher in the surrounding and east area.(2) The mean increasing rate of NPP was 2. 58 g/(m2·a)(R2= 0. 65,P<0. 001) during1981-2015,and the turning point was found around 1998 using Mann-Kendall method. The NPP showed an upward trend in both periods,but the increasing rate decreased by 7. 01% in the latter period.(3) The increasing rate of the middle and northern areas was relatively high(4-6 g/(m2·a)),while the southwestern and eastern parts showed downward trends(-3-0 g/(m2·a)). The inter-annual variation of NPP had a positive correlation with temperature and global radiation,but a negative correlation with precipitation. The inter-annual variation of temperature has the highest explanatory rate of NPP,which is 43%(P<0. 01). In the spatial scale,the inter-annual variation of NPP in about 67. 83% of the study area,located in the central and southeastern parts,was controlled by temperature. We can see that temperature was the main environmental factor driving the spatial and temporal variations of the NPP in the Shennongjia Forestry District.
引文
[1]于贵瑞,孙晓敏.陆地生态系统通量观测的原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[2] ITO A. A historical meta-analysis of global terrestrial net primary productivity:are estimates converging?[J]. Global Change Biology,2011,17(10):3161-3175.
[3] NEMANI R R,KEELING C D,HASHIMOTO H,et al. Climatedriven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from1982 to 1999[J].Science,2003,300(5625):1560-1563.
[4] ZHAO M S,RUNNING S W. Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009[J].Science,2010,329(5994):940-943.
[5] RUDGERS J A,CHUNG Y A,MAURER G E,et al. Climate sensitivity functions and net primary production:a framework for incorporating climate mean and variability[J]. Ecology,2018,99(3):576-582.
[6] DIXON R K,SOLOMON A M,BROWN S,et al.Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems[J]. Science,1994,263(5144):185-190.
[7]刘国华,傅伯杰.全球气候变化对森林生态系统的影响[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(1):71-78.LIU Guohua,FU Bojie. Effects of global climate change on forest ecosystems[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2001,16(1):71-78.
[8]王效科,冯宗炜,欧阳志云.中国森林生态系统的植物碳储量和碳密度研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(1):13-16.WANG Xiaoke,FENG Zongwei,OUYANG Zhiyun. Vegetation carbon storage and density of forest ecosystems in China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(1):13-16.
[9]高一飞.中国森林生态系统碳库特征及其影响因素[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
[10]李慧.福建省森林生态系统NPP和NEP时空模拟研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2008.
[11]焦翠翠,于贵瑞,展小云,等.全球森林生态系统净初级生产力的空间格局及其区域特征[J].第四纪研究,2014,34(4):699-709.JIAO Cuicui,YU Guirui,ZHAN Xiaoyun,et al. Spatial pattern and regional characteristics of global forest ecosystem net primary productivity[J].Quaternary Sciences,2014,34(4):699-709.
[12] CHANGE I P O C. Climate change 2014 synthesis report[J].Environmental Policy Collection,2016,27(2):408.
[13]冯险峰,刘高焕,陈述彭,等.陆地生态系统净第一性生产力过程模型研究综述[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(3):369-378.FENG Xianfeng,LIU Gaohuan,CHEN Shupeng,et al. Study on process model of net primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2004,19(3):369-378.
[14] GU Fengxue,ZHANG Yuandong,HUANG Mei,et al. Effects of climate warming on net primary productivity in China during 1961-2010[J].Ecology&Evolution,2017,7(17):6736-6746.
[15]陶波,李克让,邵雪梅,等.中国陆地净初级生产力时空特征模拟[J].地理学报,2003,58(3):372-380.TAO Bo,LI Kerang,SHAO Xuemei,et al. Temporal and spatial pattern of net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(3):372-380.
[16] CAO Mingkui,PRINCE S,LI K R,et al. Response of terrestrial carbon uptake to climate interannual variability in China[J].Global Change Biology,2010,9:536-546.
[17]朴世龙,方精云,郭庆华. 1982—1999年我国植被净第一性生产力及其时空变化[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(4):563-569.PIAO Shilong,FANG Jingyun,GUO Qinghua. Terrestrial net primary production and its spatio-temporal patterns in China during1982-1999[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2001,37(4):563-569.
[18] FENG X,LIU G,CHEN J M,et al. Net primary productivity of China's terrestrial ecosystems from a process model driven by remote sensing[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007,85(3):563-573.
[19]朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):413-424.ZHU Wenquan,PAN Yaozhong,ZHANG Jinshui. Estimation of net primary productivity of Chinese terrestrial vegetation based on remote sensing[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2007,31(3):413-424.
[20]陈福军,沈彦俊,李倩,等.中国陆地生态系统近30年NPP时空变化研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(11):1409-1414.CHEN Fujun,SHEN Yanjun,LI Qian,et al. Spatio-temporal variation analysis of ecological systems NPP in China in past 30years[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(11):1409-1414.
[21]仲晓春,陈雯,刘涛,等. 2001—2010年中国植被NPP的时空变化及其与气候的关系[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(9):16-22.ZHONG Xiaochun,CHEN Wen,LIU Tao,et al.Spatial and temporal change of vegetation net primary productivity and its relationship with climate from 2001 to 2010 in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2016,37(9):16-22.
[22]刘刚,孙睿,肖志强,等. 2001—2014年中国植被净初级生产力时空变化及其与气象因素的关系[J].生态学报,2017,37(15):4936-4945.LIU Gang,SUN Rui,XIAO Zhiqiang,et al. Analysis of spatial and temporal variation of net primary productivity and climate controls in China from 2001 to 2010[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(15):4936-4945.
[23]高艳妮,于贵瑞,张黎,等.中国陆地生态系统净初级生产力变化特征:基于过程模型和遥感模型的评估结果[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(1):109-117.GAO Yanni,YU Guirui,ZHANG Li,et al. The changes of net primary productivity in Chinese terrestrial ecosystem:based on process and parameter models[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(1):109-117.
[24] GROSSO S D,PARTON W,STOHLGERN T,et al.Global potential net primary productivity predicted from vegetation class,precipitation,and temperature[J]. Ecology,2008,89(8):2117-2126.
[25] SCHWARTZ M D,AHAS R,AASA A. Onset of spring starting earlier across the northern Hemisphere[J].Global Change Biology,2006,12(2):343-351.
[26] DENG F,CHEN J M. Recent global CO2flux inferred from atmospheric CO2observations and its regional analyses[J].Biogeosciences Discussions,2011,8(11):3263-3281.
[27]沈泽昊,胡会峰,周宇,等.神农架南坡植物群落多样性的海拔梯度格局[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):99-107.SHEN Zehao,HU Huifeng,ZHOU Yu,et al. Altitudinal patterns of plant species diversity on the southern slope of Mt. Shennongjia,Hubei,China[J].Biodiversity Science,2004,12(1):99-107.
[28] XIE Zongqiang,SHEN Guozhen,ZHOU Youbing,et al. The outstanding universal value and conservation of the Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site[J]. Biodiversity Science,2017,25(5):490-497.
[29]黄靖,夏智宏.基于MODIS-EVI数据的神农架林区植被指数变化特征研究[J].气象与环境科学,2013,36(3):39-43.HUANG Jing,XIA Zhihong.Research on the change characteristics for Shennongjia forest vegetation index based on MODIS-EVI data[J].Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2013,36(3):39-43.
[30]任园园.大巴山地区植被指数变化及其驱动力分析[D].西安:西北大学,2012.
[31]王志先,吴楠.湖北省神农架地质旅游发展与保护[J].国土与自然资源研究,2017(5):66-69.WANG Zhixian,WU Nan.Development and protection of geotourism in Shennongjia,Hubei Province[J]. Territory&Natural Resources Study,2017(5):66-69.
[32]吴炳方,钱金凯,曾源,等.中华人民共和国土地覆被地图集(1∶100万)[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2017.
[33]吴炳方.中国土地覆被[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[34] GU F X,ZHANG Y,HUANG M,et al.Nitrogen deposition and its effect on carbon storage in Chinese forests during 1981-2010[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,123(1):171-179.
[35] CAO Mingkui,WOODWARD F I.Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling to global climate change[J]. Nature,1998,393(6682):249-252.
[36] CAO Mingkui,WOODWARD F I. Net primary and ecosystem production and carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change[J]. Global Change Biology,1998,4(2):185-198.
[37]顾峰雪.典型陆地生态系统水碳循环关键过程的机理模拟及其与通量观测的比较研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2007.
[38]顾峰雪,曹明奎,于贵瑞,等.典型森林生态系统碳交换的机理模拟及其与观测的比较研究[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(3):313-321.GU Fengxue,CAO Mingkui,YU Guirui,et al. Modeling carbon exchange in different forest ecosystem by CEVSA model comparison with eddy covariance measurements[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(3):313-321.
[39]曹明奎,陶波,李克让,等. 1981—2000年中国陆地生态系统碳通量的年际变化[J].植物学报(英文版),2003,45(5):552-560.CAO Mingkui,TAO Bo,LI Kerang,et al. Interannual variation in terrestrial ecosystem carbon fluxes in China from 1981 to 1998[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2003,45(5):552-560.
[40] XU Zongxue,TAKEUCHI K,ISHIDAIRA H. Monotonic trend and step changes in Japanese precipitation[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2003,279(1):144-150.
[41]袁丽华,蒋卫国,申文明,等. 2000—2010年黄河流域植被覆盖的时空变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7798-7806.YUAN Lihua,JIANG Weiguo,SHEN Wenming,et al. The spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2010[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(24):7798-7806.
[42] YE Xuchun,ZHANG Qi,LIU Jian,et al.Impact of climate change and human activities on runoff of Poyang Lake Catchment[J].Journal of Glaciology&Geocryology,2009,31(5):835-842.
[43]刘世荣,徐德应,王兵.气候变化对中国森林生产力的影响I.中国森林现实生产力的特征及地理分布格局[J].林业科学研究,1993,6(6):633-642.LIU Shirong,XU Deying,WANG Bing.Impacts of climate change on productivity of forests in China. I:geographic distribution of actual productivity of forest in China[J]. Forest Research,1993,6(6):633-642.
[44]彭少麟,侯爱敏,周国逸.气候变化对陆地生态系统第一性生产力的影响研究综述[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(6):717-722.PENG Shaolin,HOU Aimin,ZHOU Guoyi.Impact of climate change on the net primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystem[J].Advances in Earth Science,2000,15(6):717-722.
[45]朱文泉,潘耀忠,阳小琼,等.气候变化对中国陆地植被净初级生产力的影响分析[J].科学通报,2007,52(21):2535-2541.ZHU Wenquan,PAN Yaozhong,YANG Xiaoqiong,et al.Impacts of climate change on net primary productivity of terrestrial vegetation in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(21):2535-2541.
[46] NI J. Net primary productivity in forests of China:scaling-up of national inventory data and comparison with model predictions[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2003,176(1):485-495.
[47] LIANG Wei,YANG Yuting,FAN Dongmei,et al.Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of net primary production and their climate controls in China from 1982 to 2010[J]. Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2015,204:22-36.
[48]郑有飞,关福来,蔡子颖,等.我国南方中东部地区地面太阳总辐射变化规律[J].应用气象学报,2011,22(3):312-320.ZHENG Youfei,GUAN Fulai,CAI Ziying,et al.Variation of surface solar radiation over the Central and East of Southern China[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2011,22(3):312-320.
[49]穆少杰,李建龙,周伟,等. 2001—2010年内蒙古植被净初级生产力的时空格局及其与气候的关系[J].生态学报,2013,33(12):3752-3764.MU Sahojie,LI Jianlong,ZHOU Wei,et al. Spatial-temporal distribution of net primary productivity and its relationship with climate factors in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2010[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(12):3752-3764.
[2] ITO A. A historical meta-analysis of global terrestrial net primary productivity:are estimates converging?[J]. Global Change Biology,2011,17(10):3161-3175.
[3] NEMANI R R,KEELING C D,HASHIMOTO H,et al. Climatedriven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from1982 to 1999[J].Science,2003,300(5625):1560-1563.
[4] ZHAO M S,RUNNING S W. Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009[J].Science,2010,329(5994):940-943.
[5] RUDGERS J A,CHUNG Y A,MAURER G E,et al. Climate sensitivity functions and net primary production:a framework for incorporating climate mean and variability[J]. Ecology,2018,99(3):576-582.
[6] DIXON R K,SOLOMON A M,BROWN S,et al.Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems[J]. Science,1994,263(5144):185-190.
[7]刘国华,傅伯杰.全球气候变化对森林生态系统的影响[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(1):71-78.LIU Guohua,FU Bojie. Effects of global climate change on forest ecosystems[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2001,16(1):71-78.
[8]王效科,冯宗炜,欧阳志云.中国森林生态系统的植物碳储量和碳密度研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(1):13-16.WANG Xiaoke,FENG Zongwei,OUYANG Zhiyun. Vegetation carbon storage and density of forest ecosystems in China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(1):13-16.
[9]高一飞.中国森林生态系统碳库特征及其影响因素[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
[10]李慧.福建省森林生态系统NPP和NEP时空模拟研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2008.
[11]焦翠翠,于贵瑞,展小云,等.全球森林生态系统净初级生产力的空间格局及其区域特征[J].第四纪研究,2014,34(4):699-709.JIAO Cuicui,YU Guirui,ZHAN Xiaoyun,et al. Spatial pattern and regional characteristics of global forest ecosystem net primary productivity[J].Quaternary Sciences,2014,34(4):699-709.
[12] CHANGE I P O C. Climate change 2014 synthesis report[J].Environmental Policy Collection,2016,27(2):408.
[13]冯险峰,刘高焕,陈述彭,等.陆地生态系统净第一性生产力过程模型研究综述[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(3):369-378.FENG Xianfeng,LIU Gaohuan,CHEN Shupeng,et al. Study on process model of net primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2004,19(3):369-378.
[14] GU Fengxue,ZHANG Yuandong,HUANG Mei,et al. Effects of climate warming on net primary productivity in China during 1961-2010[J].Ecology&Evolution,2017,7(17):6736-6746.
[15]陶波,李克让,邵雪梅,等.中国陆地净初级生产力时空特征模拟[J].地理学报,2003,58(3):372-380.TAO Bo,LI Kerang,SHAO Xuemei,et al. Temporal and spatial pattern of net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(3):372-380.
[16] CAO Mingkui,PRINCE S,LI K R,et al. Response of terrestrial carbon uptake to climate interannual variability in China[J].Global Change Biology,2010,9:536-546.
[17]朴世龙,方精云,郭庆华. 1982—1999年我国植被净第一性生产力及其时空变化[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(4):563-569.PIAO Shilong,FANG Jingyun,GUO Qinghua. Terrestrial net primary production and its spatio-temporal patterns in China during1982-1999[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2001,37(4):563-569.
[18] FENG X,LIU G,CHEN J M,et al. Net primary productivity of China's terrestrial ecosystems from a process model driven by remote sensing[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007,85(3):563-573.
[19]朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):413-424.ZHU Wenquan,PAN Yaozhong,ZHANG Jinshui. Estimation of net primary productivity of Chinese terrestrial vegetation based on remote sensing[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2007,31(3):413-424.
[20]陈福军,沈彦俊,李倩,等.中国陆地生态系统近30年NPP时空变化研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(11):1409-1414.CHEN Fujun,SHEN Yanjun,LI Qian,et al. Spatio-temporal variation analysis of ecological systems NPP in China in past 30years[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(11):1409-1414.
[21]仲晓春,陈雯,刘涛,等. 2001—2010年中国植被NPP的时空变化及其与气候的关系[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(9):16-22.ZHONG Xiaochun,CHEN Wen,LIU Tao,et al.Spatial and temporal change of vegetation net primary productivity and its relationship with climate from 2001 to 2010 in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2016,37(9):16-22.
[22]刘刚,孙睿,肖志强,等. 2001—2014年中国植被净初级生产力时空变化及其与气象因素的关系[J].生态学报,2017,37(15):4936-4945.LIU Gang,SUN Rui,XIAO Zhiqiang,et al. Analysis of spatial and temporal variation of net primary productivity and climate controls in China from 2001 to 2010[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(15):4936-4945.
[23]高艳妮,于贵瑞,张黎,等.中国陆地生态系统净初级生产力变化特征:基于过程模型和遥感模型的评估结果[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(1):109-117.GAO Yanni,YU Guirui,ZHANG Li,et al. The changes of net primary productivity in Chinese terrestrial ecosystem:based on process and parameter models[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(1):109-117.
[24] GROSSO S D,PARTON W,STOHLGERN T,et al.Global potential net primary productivity predicted from vegetation class,precipitation,and temperature[J]. Ecology,2008,89(8):2117-2126.
[25] SCHWARTZ M D,AHAS R,AASA A. Onset of spring starting earlier across the northern Hemisphere[J].Global Change Biology,2006,12(2):343-351.
[26] DENG F,CHEN J M. Recent global CO2flux inferred from atmospheric CO2observations and its regional analyses[J].Biogeosciences Discussions,2011,8(11):3263-3281.
[27]沈泽昊,胡会峰,周宇,等.神农架南坡植物群落多样性的海拔梯度格局[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):99-107.SHEN Zehao,HU Huifeng,ZHOU Yu,et al. Altitudinal patterns of plant species diversity on the southern slope of Mt. Shennongjia,Hubei,China[J].Biodiversity Science,2004,12(1):99-107.
[28] XIE Zongqiang,SHEN Guozhen,ZHOU Youbing,et al. The outstanding universal value and conservation of the Shennongjia World Natural Heritage Site[J]. Biodiversity Science,2017,25(5):490-497.
[29]黄靖,夏智宏.基于MODIS-EVI数据的神农架林区植被指数变化特征研究[J].气象与环境科学,2013,36(3):39-43.HUANG Jing,XIA Zhihong.Research on the change characteristics for Shennongjia forest vegetation index based on MODIS-EVI data[J].Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2013,36(3):39-43.
[30]任园园.大巴山地区植被指数变化及其驱动力分析[D].西安:西北大学,2012.
[31]王志先,吴楠.湖北省神农架地质旅游发展与保护[J].国土与自然资源研究,2017(5):66-69.WANG Zhixian,WU Nan.Development and protection of geotourism in Shennongjia,Hubei Province[J]. Territory&Natural Resources Study,2017(5):66-69.
[32]吴炳方,钱金凯,曾源,等.中华人民共和国土地覆被地图集(1∶100万)[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2017.
[33]吴炳方.中国土地覆被[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[34] GU F X,ZHANG Y,HUANG M,et al.Nitrogen deposition and its effect on carbon storage in Chinese forests during 1981-2010[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,123(1):171-179.
[35] CAO Mingkui,WOODWARD F I.Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling to global climate change[J]. Nature,1998,393(6682):249-252.
[36] CAO Mingkui,WOODWARD F I. Net primary and ecosystem production and carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change[J]. Global Change Biology,1998,4(2):185-198.
[37]顾峰雪.典型陆地生态系统水碳循环关键过程的机理模拟及其与通量观测的比较研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2007.
[38]顾峰雪,曹明奎,于贵瑞,等.典型森林生态系统碳交换的机理模拟及其与观测的比较研究[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(3):313-321.GU Fengxue,CAO Mingkui,YU Guirui,et al. Modeling carbon exchange in different forest ecosystem by CEVSA model comparison with eddy covariance measurements[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(3):313-321.
[39]曹明奎,陶波,李克让,等. 1981—2000年中国陆地生态系统碳通量的年际变化[J].植物学报(英文版),2003,45(5):552-560.CAO Mingkui,TAO Bo,LI Kerang,et al. Interannual variation in terrestrial ecosystem carbon fluxes in China from 1981 to 1998[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2003,45(5):552-560.
[40] XU Zongxue,TAKEUCHI K,ISHIDAIRA H. Monotonic trend and step changes in Japanese precipitation[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2003,279(1):144-150.
[41]袁丽华,蒋卫国,申文明,等. 2000—2010年黄河流域植被覆盖的时空变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7798-7806.YUAN Lihua,JIANG Weiguo,SHEN Wenming,et al. The spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2010[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(24):7798-7806.
[42] YE Xuchun,ZHANG Qi,LIU Jian,et al.Impact of climate change and human activities on runoff of Poyang Lake Catchment[J].Journal of Glaciology&Geocryology,2009,31(5):835-842.
[43]刘世荣,徐德应,王兵.气候变化对中国森林生产力的影响I.中国森林现实生产力的特征及地理分布格局[J].林业科学研究,1993,6(6):633-642.LIU Shirong,XU Deying,WANG Bing.Impacts of climate change on productivity of forests in China. I:geographic distribution of actual productivity of forest in China[J]. Forest Research,1993,6(6):633-642.
[44]彭少麟,侯爱敏,周国逸.气候变化对陆地生态系统第一性生产力的影响研究综述[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(6):717-722.PENG Shaolin,HOU Aimin,ZHOU Guoyi.Impact of climate change on the net primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystem[J].Advances in Earth Science,2000,15(6):717-722.
[45]朱文泉,潘耀忠,阳小琼,等.气候变化对中国陆地植被净初级生产力的影响分析[J].科学通报,2007,52(21):2535-2541.ZHU Wenquan,PAN Yaozhong,YANG Xiaoqiong,et al.Impacts of climate change on net primary productivity of terrestrial vegetation in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(21):2535-2541.
[46] NI J. Net primary productivity in forests of China:scaling-up of national inventory data and comparison with model predictions[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2003,176(1):485-495.
[47] LIANG Wei,YANG Yuting,FAN Dongmei,et al.Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of net primary production and their climate controls in China from 1982 to 2010[J]. Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2015,204:22-36.
[48]郑有飞,关福来,蔡子颖,等.我国南方中东部地区地面太阳总辐射变化规律[J].应用气象学报,2011,22(3):312-320.ZHENG Youfei,GUAN Fulai,CAI Ziying,et al.Variation of surface solar radiation over the Central and East of Southern China[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2011,22(3):312-320.
[49]穆少杰,李建龙,周伟,等. 2001—2010年内蒙古植被净初级生产力的时空格局及其与气候的关系[J].生态学报,2013,33(12):3752-3764.MU Sahojie,LI Jianlong,ZHOU Wei,et al. Spatial-temporal distribution of net primary productivity and its relationship with climate factors in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2010[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(12):3752-3764.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |