纯电动汽车直流动力电缆儿童电磁暴露安全评估
|
摘要
为评估纯电动汽车直流动力电缆对儿童乘员的电磁暴露水平,基于电磁剂量学的基本原理,利用Comsol Multiphysics有限元软件,建立了车厢、儿童人体和动力电缆的电磁模型,仿真分析了儿童乘员坐在不同位置时,其身体不同组织中的磁通密度,并将结果与国际非电离辐射防护委员会(ICNIRP)制定的标准进行比较。结果表明:普通低速驱动电流为27 A时,不同乘坐位置的儿童体内磁通密度的最大值分别为:0.18μT(副驾位),0.182μT(后排左),1.26μT(后排中),17.8μT(后排右);匀速高速驱动电流为150 A时,对应的最大磁通密度约增大至低速时的5.5倍左右。但这一暴露水平仍远低于ICNIRP推荐的限值,说明直流动力电缆在车厢内产生的电磁辐射不会对儿童乘员构成健康风险。
To assess the level of child occupant exposure to electromagnetic field generated by DC power cables in battery electric vehicles, the models for passenger compartment, child body and DC power cables are established with finite element software Comsol Multiphysics, based on basic principle of electromagnetic dosimetry. A simulation on the models is conducted to analyze the magnetic flux density in different tissues of child body sitting on the different positions of compartment, which are then compared with the guidelines of International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP). The results show that in general low speed drive with a cable current of 27 A, the maximum magnetic flux density in child body tissues at different sitting position is: 0.18 μT(front passenger seat), 0.182 μT(left back seat), 1.26 μT(middle back seat), and 17.8 μT(right back seat) respectively, while in high-speed cruise drive with a cable current of 150 A, the corresponding maximum magnetic flux densities are around 5.5 times as high as that at low-speed drive. However, these levels are still far below the limit values recommended by ICNIRP, indicating that the magnetic flux density generated in passenger compartment by DC power cable will not cause health risk to child occupant.
To assess the level of child occupant exposure to electromagnetic field generated by DC power cables in battery electric vehicles, the models for passenger compartment, child body and DC power cables are established with finite element software Comsol Multiphysics, based on basic principle of electromagnetic dosimetry. A simulation on the models is conducted to analyze the magnetic flux density in different tissues of child body sitting on the different positions of compartment, which are then compared with the guidelines of International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP). The results show that in general low speed drive with a cable current of 27 A, the maximum magnetic flux density in child body tissues at different sitting position is: 0.18 μT(front passenger seat), 0.182 μT(left back seat), 1.26 μT(middle back seat), and 17.8 μT(right back seat) respectively, while in high-speed cruise drive with a cable current of 150 A, the corresponding maximum magnetic flux densities are around 5.5 times as high as that at low-speed drive. However, these levels are still far below the limit values recommended by ICNIRP, indicating that the magnetic flux density generated in passenger compartment by DC power cable will not cause health risk to child occupant.
引文
[1] 唐葆君,刘江鹏.中国新能源汽车产业发展展望[J].北京理工大学学报:社会科学版,2015,17(2):1-6.
[2] 陈清泉,孙立清.电动汽车的现状和发展趋势[J].科技导报,2005,23(4):24-28.
[3] 宋保林,陶银鹏.纯电动汽车电机控制器传导性电磁干扰的抑制[J].汽车工程,2013,35(11):996-999.
[4] 王亮,汤佩文,颜伟.电动汽车充电桩对电能质量和电磁环境的影响[J].电源学报,2017,15(3):91-99.
[5] 纵卫卫,沈锡全,程木田.电动汽车DC/DC变换器电磁干扰优化研究[J].工业控制计算机,2017,30(1):127-129.
[6] MORENO-TORRES CONCHA P,VELEZ P,LAFOZ M.Passenger exposure to magnetic fields due to the batteries of an electric vehicle[J].IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology,2016(6):4564-4571.
[7] 张戟,王洪武,蔡浩雄.电动汽车驱动系统EMC仿真研究[J].汽车工程,2014,36(5):580-585.
[8] KOROBSOVA V,MOROZOV Y,STOLOROV M.Influence of the electric field in 500 and 750 kV switchyards on maintenance staff and means for its protection[C].International Conference on High-tension Electric Systems,Paris,France,1972:23-26.
[9] LU M,UENO S.Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation using figure-of-eight and halo coils[J].IEEE Tranactions on Magnetics,2015,51(11):5101204-1-4.
[10] LU M,UENO S.Dosimetry of exposure of patients to pulsed gradient magnetic fields in MRI[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(10):3841-3844.
[11] 徐桂芝,李晨曦,赵军.电动汽车无线充电电磁环境安全性研究[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):152-157.
[12] 田瑞,逯迈.高速动车组动力电缆对车厢内乘客的低频电磁暴露水平仿真及其健康评估[J].高电压技术,2016,42(8):2540-2548.
[13] 牛中奇,侯建强,周永军.生物电磁剂量学及人体吸收电磁剂量的数值分析[J].中国生物医学工程学报,2006,25(5):580-584.
[14] 赵立军,佟钦智.电动汽车结构与原理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012:31-61.
[15] 张毅.纯电动轿车动力总成控制系统的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007:131-137.
[16] 中国未成年人人体尺寸:GB/T 26158—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[17] SCHWAN H P,KAY C F.The conductivity of living tissues[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1957,65(6):1007-1013.
[18] GABRIEL C,GABRIEL S,CORTHOUT E.The dielectric properties of biological tissues:I.literature survey[J].Physics in Medicine and Biology,1996,41(11):2231-2249.
[19] HURT W D.Multiterm debye dispersion relations for permittivity of muscle [J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,1985(1):60-64.
[20] 袁国良.电磁场与电磁波[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:50-57.
[21] The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).Guidelines on limiting exposure to static magnetic fields[J].Health Physics,2009,96(4):504-514.
[2] 陈清泉,孙立清.电动汽车的现状和发展趋势[J].科技导报,2005,23(4):24-28.
[3] 宋保林,陶银鹏.纯电动汽车电机控制器传导性电磁干扰的抑制[J].汽车工程,2013,35(11):996-999.
[4] 王亮,汤佩文,颜伟.电动汽车充电桩对电能质量和电磁环境的影响[J].电源学报,2017,15(3):91-99.
[5] 纵卫卫,沈锡全,程木田.电动汽车DC/DC变换器电磁干扰优化研究[J].工业控制计算机,2017,30(1):127-129.
[6] MORENO-TORRES CONCHA P,VELEZ P,LAFOZ M.Passenger exposure to magnetic fields due to the batteries of an electric vehicle[J].IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology,2016(6):4564-4571.
[7] 张戟,王洪武,蔡浩雄.电动汽车驱动系统EMC仿真研究[J].汽车工程,2014,36(5):580-585.
[8] KOROBSOVA V,MOROZOV Y,STOLOROV M.Influence of the electric field in 500 and 750 kV switchyards on maintenance staff and means for its protection[C].International Conference on High-tension Electric Systems,Paris,France,1972:23-26.
[9] LU M,UENO S.Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation using figure-of-eight and halo coils[J].IEEE Tranactions on Magnetics,2015,51(11):5101204-1-4.
[10] LU M,UENO S.Dosimetry of exposure of patients to pulsed gradient magnetic fields in MRI[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2011,47(10):3841-3844.
[11] 徐桂芝,李晨曦,赵军.电动汽车无线充电电磁环境安全性研究[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):152-157.
[12] 田瑞,逯迈.高速动车组动力电缆对车厢内乘客的低频电磁暴露水平仿真及其健康评估[J].高电压技术,2016,42(8):2540-2548.
[13] 牛中奇,侯建强,周永军.生物电磁剂量学及人体吸收电磁剂量的数值分析[J].中国生物医学工程学报,2006,25(5):580-584.
[14] 赵立军,佟钦智.电动汽车结构与原理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012:31-61.
[15] 张毅.纯电动轿车动力总成控制系统的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007:131-137.
[16] 中国未成年人人体尺寸:GB/T 26158—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[17] SCHWAN H P,KAY C F.The conductivity of living tissues[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1957,65(6):1007-1013.
[18] GABRIEL C,GABRIEL S,CORTHOUT E.The dielectric properties of biological tissues:I.literature survey[J].Physics in Medicine and Biology,1996,41(11):2231-2249.
[19] HURT W D.Multiterm debye dispersion relations for permittivity of muscle [J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,1985(1):60-64.
[20] 袁国良.电磁场与电磁波[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:50-57.
[21] The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).Guidelines on limiting exposure to static magnetic fields[J].Health Physics,2009,96(4):504-514.