基于空间聚类分层抽样的黄骅市县域耕地质量等别监测样点布设
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摘要
耕地质量监测是当前国家及时掌握耕地质量和产能变化的重要工作手段。合理布设耕地质量监测样点可以大幅提高耕地质量监测的效率。以河北省黄骅市县域耕地为研究对象,以耕地的质量属性和空间位置属性为耕地质量等别监测区的划定依据,采用空间聚类法生成20种备选监测区方案,通过综合比较方差、抽样误差、抽样效率和抽样弹性系数,选出初始监测区方案,并在此基础上局部优化,最终生成耕地质量等别监测区方案,最后以耕地质量等别监测区为分层依据,运用分层抽样法布设了耕地质量等别监测样点。研究表明:(1)在抽样误差为1%的要求下,分区数为65的备选耕地质量等别监测区方案的综合样本容量为77,抽样效率相对较高,被选定为初始监测区方案;(2)随着耕地质量等别监测区数目从5增加到100,相同监测区内耕地单元之间在空间位置和耕地质量等别上的差异程度由快速减少到趋于平稳;(3)在布设相同数量的监测样点时,本文提出的基于空间聚类分层抽样的样点布设方法在表土质地、剖面构型、盐渍化、有机质含量、排水条件、灌溉条件和国家耕地质量自然等指数等因素方面的抽样误差分别为0.37、1.02、1.39、0.91、0.31、1.53和1.27,均明显低于传统的等别分层抽样、简单随机抽样、网格分层抽样,具有较高的抽样效率。研究成果可为耕地质量等别监测样点布设相关工作和研究提供有效指导。
Cultivated land quality monitoring is an important strategy to grasp the changes in cultivated land quality and productivity for the country. Arranging cultivated land quality monitoring samples in a reasonable way can greatly improve the efficiency of cultivated land quality monitoring. This study took the typical area of the coastal plain, Huanghua City as an example, generated 20 alternative monitoring area scenarios with the method of spatial clustering.The initial monitoring area plan was selected by comprehensive comparison of variance, sampling error, sampling efficiency, and sampling elastic coefficient, and by partial optimization, the project of the cultivated land quality monitoring area was finally generated. Finally, based on the stratified sampling area, the stratified sampling method was used to lay out the monitoring records of cultivated land quality. The results showed that under the requirement of 1% sampling error, the alternative cultivated land quality monitoring area with a partition number of 65 did exhibit a comprehensive sample capacity of 77 and a relatively high sampling efficiency, which was selected as the initial monitoring area. The difference in spatial position and cultivated land quality between cultivated land units in the same monitoring area decreased rapidly first, and finally remained stable, with the number of cultivated land quality monitoring areas increases from 5 to 100. By laying the same number of monitoring samples, the sampling error in terms of topsoil texture,section configuration, salinization, organic matter content, drainage conditions, irrigation conditions, and national natural index were 0.37, 1.02, 1.39, 0.91, 0.31, 1.53, and 1.27 respectively.Based on spatial clustering stratified sampling proposed in this paper, the observations were lower than traditional stratified sampling, simple random sampling, grid stratified sampling, and had higher sampling efficiency. The results are intended to provide effective guidance for the deployment of relevant work and research on the quality monitoring samples of cultivated land.
Cultivated land quality monitoring is an important strategy to grasp the changes in cultivated land quality and productivity for the country. Arranging cultivated land quality monitoring samples in a reasonable way can greatly improve the efficiency of cultivated land quality monitoring. This study took the typical area of the coastal plain, Huanghua City as an example, generated 20 alternative monitoring area scenarios with the method of spatial clustering.The initial monitoring area plan was selected by comprehensive comparison of variance, sampling error, sampling efficiency, and sampling elastic coefficient, and by partial optimization, the project of the cultivated land quality monitoring area was finally generated. Finally, based on the stratified sampling area, the stratified sampling method was used to lay out the monitoring records of cultivated land quality. The results showed that under the requirement of 1% sampling error, the alternative cultivated land quality monitoring area with a partition number of 65 did exhibit a comprehensive sample capacity of 77 and a relatively high sampling efficiency, which was selected as the initial monitoring area. The difference in spatial position and cultivated land quality between cultivated land units in the same monitoring area decreased rapidly first, and finally remained stable, with the number of cultivated land quality monitoring areas increases from 5 to 100. By laying the same number of monitoring samples, the sampling error in terms of topsoil texture,section configuration, salinization, organic matter content, drainage conditions, irrigation conditions, and national natural index were 0.37, 1.02, 1.39, 0.91, 0.31, 1.53, and 1.27 respectively.Based on spatial clustering stratified sampling proposed in this paper, the observations were lower than traditional stratified sampling, simple random sampling, grid stratified sampling, and had higher sampling efficiency. The results are intended to provide effective guidance for the deployment of relevant work and research on the quality monitoring samples of cultivated land.
引文
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[2]Huffman E,Eilers R G,Padbury G,et al.Canadian agri-environmental indicators related to land quality:Integrating census and biophysical data to estimate soil cover,wind erosion and soil salinity[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2000,81(2):113-123.
[3]Doran J W.Soil health and global sustainability:Translating science into practice[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2002,88(2):119-127.
[4]姜广辉,赵婷婷,段增强,等.北京山区耕地质量变化及未来趋势模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(10):304-311.[Jiang G H,Zhao T T,Duan Z Q,et al.Cultivated land quality change and its future trend modeling in Beijing mountainous area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(10):304-311.]
[5]郭文华.耕地保护向数量质量生态并重转变[J].国土资源情报,2012,(12):35-38.[Guo W H.Cultivated land protection shifts to quantity,quality and ecology[J].Land and Resources Information,2012,(12):35-38.]
[6]吴学敏.武穴市耕地质量监控样点布设研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2015.[Wu X M.Layout Study of the Monitor Samples Points of Land Quality in Wuxue[D].Huazhong:Huazhong Normal University,2015.]
[7]孙亚彬,吴克宁,胡晓涛,等.基于潜力指数组合的耕地质量等级监测布点方法[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):245-254.[Sun Y B,Wu K N,Hu X T,et al.Layout method for monitoring quality level of arable land based on combination of potential index[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(4):245-254.]
[8]殷守强,王鑫,贺文龙,等.耕地质量监测中不同抽样方法的精度比较-以河北省黄骅市为例[J].资源科学,2016,38(11):2049-2057.[Yin S Q,Wang X,He W L,et al.Comparison of precision among different sampling methods in cultivated land quality monitoring:A case study of Huanghua City in Hebei Province,China[J].Resources Science,2016,38(11):2049-2057.]
[9]韩宗伟,黄魏,罗云,等.基于路网的土壤采样布局优化-模拟退火神经网络算法[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):891-900.[Han Z W,Huang W,Luo Y,et al.Application of simulated annealing method and neural network on optimizing soil sampling schemes based on road distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):891-900.]
[10]余述琼,张蚌蚌,相慧,等.基于因素组合的耕地质量等级监测样点布控方法[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(24):288-297.[Yu SQ,Zhang B B,Xiang H,et al.Layout method for monitoring sample point of arable land quality level based on combination of factors[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(24):288-297.]
[11]郭力娜,张凤荣,马仁会,等.基于标准样地的国家级农用地等别质量监测点设置方法探讨-以冀豫鄂三省为例[J].资源科学,2009,31(11):1957-1966.[Guo L N,Zhang F R,Ma R H,et al.Methods for setting up farmland grade monitoring points from standard plots in Hebei,Henan and Hubei provinces[J].Resources Science,2009,31(11):1957-1966.]
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[13]胡晓涛,吴克宁,马建辉,等.北京市大兴区耕地质量等级监测控制点布设[J].资源科学,2012,34(10):1891-1897.[Hu X T,Wu K N,Ma J H,et al.Control points for quality of arable land quality monitoring in Daxing District,Beijing[J].Resources Science,2012,34(10):1891-1897.]
[14]杨建宇,汤赛,郧文聚,等.基于Kriging估计误差的县域耕地等级监测布样方法[J].农业工程学报,2013,(9):223-230.[Yang JY,Tang S,Yun W J,et al.Sampling method for monitoring classification of cultivated land in county area based on Kriging estimation error[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,(9):223-230.]
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[16]马建辉.基于变异函数和等别类型的耕地质量监测样点布设研究[J].世界农业,2015,(5):111-116.[Ma J H.Based on variograms and other types study on the layout of cultivated land quality monitoring samples[J].World Agriculture,2015,(5):111-116.]
[17]杨建宇,岳彦利,宋海荣,等.基于空间平衡法的县域耕地质量监测布样方法[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):274-280.[Yang J Y,Yue Y L,Song H R,et al.Sampling distribution method for monitoring quality of arable land in county area based on spatial balanced[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(24):274-280.]
[18]祝锦霞,徐保根,章琳云.基于半方差函数与等别的耕地质量监测样点优化布设方法[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(19):254-261.[Zhu J X,Xu G B,Zhang L Y.Optimization layout method of monitoring sample points of cultivated land quality based on semi-variance analysis and grade combination[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(19):254-261.]
[19]张玉臻,孔祥斌,刘炎,等.基于标准样地的省级耕地质量监测样地布设方法-以内蒙古自治区为例[J].资源科学,2016,38(11):2037-2048.[Zhang Y Z,Kong X B,Liu Y,et al.Layout method of monitoring samples of cultivated land at the provincial level based on standard plots in Inner Mongolia[J].Resources Science,2016,38(11):2037-2048.]
[20]郭力娜,马仁会,徐东瑞,等.农用地等别质量监测带布设方法探讨-以冀豫鄂三省为例[J].资源科学,2008,30(8):1199-1205.[Guo L N,Ma H R,Xu D R,et al.Method of setting up farmland grade monitoring belts in Hebei,Henan and Hubei[J].Resources Science,2008,30(8):1199-1205.]
[21]聂艳,吴西子,于婧,等.基于土地评价和空间聚类的基本农田划定方法研究-以湖北省鹤峰县为例[J].中国土地科学,2013,(12):39-45.[Nie Y,Wu X Z,Yu J,et al.Primary farmland zoning based on land evaluation and spatial clustering:A case of Hefeng County[J].China Land Sciences,2013,(12):39-45.]
[22]聂艳,吴学敏,何颖,等.基于产能核算和空间聚类的县级基本农田划定研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(6):809-815.[Wu Y,Wu X M,He Y,et al.Demarcation method of prime farmland based on productivity and spatial clustering[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(6):809-815.]
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