中国昆虫表皮碳氢化合物与昆虫化学分类学的研究进展
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摘要
基于表皮碳氢化合物的昆虫化学分类学已成为昆虫分类的一个重要工具。本文首先简述了世界范围内昆虫化学分类学的起源、发展及应用领域;其次在收集的大量文献基础上,综合分析了我国已开展昆虫表皮碳氢化合物组成研究的昆虫种类、研究内容、取样与进样技术、数据的统计分析、应用领域和存在的问题。针对我国昆虫表皮碳氢化合物研究进展及其在昆虫分类中应用的现状,提出了今后我国在昆虫化学分类领域的研究方向,并展望其应用前景。
The chemical taxonomy for insects, based on cuticular hydrocarbons(CHCs), is an important tool for insect taxonomy. The review summarizes concisely the origin, evolution, and practical scope of insect chemical taxonomy at present in the world. It reexamines a great deal of Chinese literatures published in the past twenty-seven years and then present a sum-up of chronicle, research and technique advances, and achievements in the field of chemical taxonomy in China, including insect categories, sampling and injection techniques, statistical analysis, practical fields for insect cuticular hydrocarbons. Finally, according to present status of chemical taxonomy, some instructive suggestions are provided on further research and practice of cuticular hydrocarbons in chemotaxonomy in China.
The chemical taxonomy for insects, based on cuticular hydrocarbons(CHCs), is an important tool for insect taxonomy. The review summarizes concisely the origin, evolution, and practical scope of insect chemical taxonomy at present in the world. It reexamines a great deal of Chinese literatures published in the past twenty-seven years and then present a sum-up of chronicle, research and technique advances, and achievements in the field of chemical taxonomy in China, including insect categories, sampling and injection techniques, statistical analysis, practical fields for insect cuticular hydrocarbons. Finally, according to present status of chemical taxonomy, some instructive suggestions are provided on further research and practice of cuticular hydrocarbons in chemotaxonomy in China.
引文
Bagnères AG, Wicker-Thomas C. Chemical taxonomy with hydrocarbons. In: Blomquist GJ and Bagnères AG, eds. Insect Hydrocarbons: Biology, Biochemistry, and Chemical Ecology [C]. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 121-150.
Bergman DK, Dillwith JW, Campbell RK,et al. Cuticular hydrocarbons of the Russian wheat aphid [J]. Southwestern Entomologist, 1990, 15 (2): 91-100.
Chapman RF, Espelie KE, Sword GA. Use of cuticular lipids in grasshopper taxonomy: A study of variation in Schistocerca shoshone (Thomas) [J]. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1995, 23 (4): 383-398.
Chen T, Qi GJ, Gao Y,et al. Analysis of species and population dynamics of thrips on input flowers of Guangzhou [J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2014, 36 (3): 287-292. [陈婷, 齐国君, 高燕, 等. 广州输入性花卉蓟马的种类组成及种群动态分析 [J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2014, 36 (3): 287-292]
Copren KA, Nelson LJ, Vargo EL,et al. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA sequences corroborate taxonomic designations based on cuticular hydrocarbons in subterranean termites [J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2005, 35 (3): 689-700.
Carlson DA and Service MW. Differentiation between species of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex (Diptera: Culicidae) by analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons [J]. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1979, 73 (6): 589-592.
Carlson DA, Langley PA, Huyton P. Sex pheromone of the tsetse fly:Isolation, identification, and synthesis of contact aphrodisiacs [J]. Science, 1978, 201 (4357): 750-753.
Calderón-Fernández GM, Girotti JR, Juárez MP. Cuticular hydrocarbon pattern as a chemotaxonomy marker to assess intraspecific variability in Triatoma infestans, a major vector of Chagas' disease [J]. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2012, 26 (2): 201-209.
Cui KL, Wang MS, Xian WL, et al. Distinguishing Culex pipiens pallens and C. quinque fasciatus with gas chromatography [J]. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 1991, 16 (4): 297-299. [崔可伦, 王木森, 冼伟立, 等. 应用气相色谱法鉴定淡色库蚊与致倦库蚊 [J]. 动物分类学报, 1991, 16 (4): 297-299]
Cui KL, Wang ZG, Li MX, et al. Distinguishing Anopheles dirus of Hainan Province by gas chromatography of cuticular hydrocarbons [J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 1992, 10 (4): 283-286. [崔可伦, 王志光, 李明馨, 等. 应用气相色谱法鉴别海南省大劣按蚊 [J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 1992, 10 (4): 283-286]
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Dallerac R, Labeur, Jallon JM,et al. A delta 9 desaturase gene with a different substrate specificity is responsible for the cuticular diene hydrocarbon polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000, 97 (17): 9449-9454.
Dronnet S, Lohou C, Christides PJ,et al. Cuticular hydrocarbon composition reflects genetic relationship among colonies of the introduced termite Reticulitermes santonensis Feytaud [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2006, 32 (5): 1027-1042.
Du XG, Liu Y, Zhuang YL. Cuticular hydrocarbon as chemotaxonomic characters for termites [J]. Plant Quarantine, 2006, 20 (1), 58-60. [杜国兴, 刘勇, 庄永林. 浅析表皮碳氢化合物分析技术在白蚁检疫鉴定中的应用 [J]. 植物检疫, 2006, 20 (1): 58-60]
Etges WJ and Jackson LL. Epicuticular hydrocarbon variation in Drosophila mojavensis cluster species [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2001, 27 (10): 2125-2149.
Galkowski C, Lebas C, Wegnez P, et al. Redescription of Proformica nasuta (Nylander, 1856) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) using an integrative approach [J]. European Journal of Taxonomy, 2017, 290: 1-40.
Gao MY, Wang XL, Li CJ. Identification of Helicoverpa armigera and H. asslta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by cuticular hydrocarbon analysis [J]. Entomological Knowledge, 1999, 36 (5): 266-269. [高明媛, 王心丽, 李重九. 表皮碳氢化合物分析用于棉铃虫与烟青虫幼虫分类鉴别 [J]. 昆虫知识, 1999, 36 (5): 266-269]
Gao MY. Application of cuticular hydrocarbon analysis to insect taxonomy [J]. Acta Entomological Sinica, 2001, 44 (1): 119-122. [高明媛. 昆虫表皮中碳氢化合物在昆虫分类中的应用 [J]. 昆虫学报, 2001, 44 (1): 119-122]
GaoY, Qi GJ, Zhong F, et al. Advances of classification and identification in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) [J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2011, 33 (3): 405-408. [高燕, 齐国君, 钟锋, 等. 西花蓟马分类鉴定方法的研究进展 [J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2011, 33 (3): 405-408]
Haverty MI, Thorne BL, Page M. Surface hydrocarbon components of two species of Nasutitermes from Trinidad [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1990, 16 (8): 2441-2450.
Hay-Roe MM, Lamas G, Nation JL. Pre- and postzygotic isolation and Haldane rule effects in reciprocal crosses of Danaus erippus and Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Danainae), supported by differentiation of cuticular hydrocarbons, establish their status as separate species [J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 91 (3): 445-453.
Hefetz A. Hymenopteran exocrine secretions as a tool for chemosystematic analysis: Possibilities and constraints [J]. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1993, 21 (1): 163-169.
Howard RW, Blomquist GJ. Chemical ecology and biochemistry of insect hydrocarbons [J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1982, 27: 149-172.
Jackson LL, Blomquist GJ. Insect waxes. In: Kolattukudy PE, ed. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Natural Waxes [C]. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976, 201-233.
Jackson LL, Baker GL. Cuticular lipids of insects [J]. Lipids, 1970, 5 (2): 239-246.
KatherR, Martin SJ. Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles as a taxonomic tool: Advantages, limitations and technical aspects [J]. Physiological Entomology, 2012, 37 (1): 25-32.
Lazzari SMN, Swedenborg PD, Jones RL. Characterization and discrimination of three Rhopalosiphum species (Homoptera: Acrididae) using cuticular hydrocarbons and cuticular surface patterns [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1991, 100B (1): 189-200
Liang D, Silverman J. ‘You are what you eat’: Diet modifies cuticular hydrocarbons and nestmate recognition in the Argentine ant Linepithema humile [J]. Naturwissenschaften, 2000, 87 (9): 412-416.
Liang XS, Xu LP, Li H et al. Solid-phase micro-extraction for the investigation of cuticular hydrocarbon of termites [J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 2009, 46 (4): 632-636. [梁小松, 徐刘平, 李浩, 等. 固相微萃取技术在白蚁表皮碳氢化合物分析中的应用 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2009, 46 (4): 632-636]
Lin T, Chen T, He YR. A solid injection technique suitable for cuticular hydrocarbon analysis of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) [J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2016, 59 (3): 278-291. [林涛, 陈婷, 何余容, 等. 一种可用于桔小实蝇表皮碳氢化合物分析的固体进样技术 [J]. 昆虫学报, 2016, 59 (3): 278-291]
Liu GP, Yu YX, Wang CM. Taxonomic studies of Culicoides pulicaris secyin in China (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Ⅲ. The GC analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbons [J]. Chinese Journal of Pest Control, 1999, 15 (12): 617-620. [刘国平, 虞以新, 王春梅. 中国灰黑库蠓组的分类研究(双翅目: 蠓科) III. 表皮碳氢化合物分析 [J]. 医学动物防制, 1999, 15 (12): 617-620]
Lockey KH, Metcalfe NB. Cuticular hydrocarbons of adult Himatismus species and a comparison with 21 other species of adult tenebrionid beetle using multivariate analysis [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1988, 91B(2): 371-382.
Lockey KH. Cuticular hydrocarbons of Locusta, Schistocerca, and Periplaneta, and their role in waterproofing [J]. Insect Biochemistry, 1976, 6 (5): 457-472.
Lucas C, Fresneau D, Kolmer K, et al. A multidisciplinary approach to discriminating different taxa in the species complex Pachycondyla villosa (Formicidae) [J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 75 (2): 249-259.
Lu YB, Zhang ZJ, Wu QJ,et al. Research progress of the monitoring, forecast and sustainable management of invasive alien pest Frankliniella occidentalis in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2011, 48 (3): 488-496. [吕要斌, 张治军, 吴青君, 等. 外来入侵害虫西花蓟马防控技术研究与示范 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2011, 48 (3): 488-496]
Martin SJ, Drijfhout FP. A review of ant cuticular hydrocarbons [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009, 35 (10): 1151-1161.
Martin SJ, Helanter? H, Drijfhout FP. Evolution of species-specific cuticular hydrocarbon patterns in Formica ants [J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95 (1): 131-140.
Marques FA, Mcelfresh JS, Millar JG. Kováts retention Indexes of monounsaturated C12, C14, and C16 alcohols, acetates and aldehydes commonly found in lepidopteran pheromone blends [J]. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2000, 11 (6): 592-599.
Mullen SP, Mendelson TC, Schal C,et al. Rapid evolution of cuticular hydrocarbons in a species radiation of acoustically diverse Hawaiian crickets (Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae: Laupala) [J]. Evolution, 2007, 61 (1): 223-231.
Page M, Nelson LJ, Blomquist GJ, et al. Cuticular hydrocarbons as chemotaxonomic characters of pine engraver beetles (Ips spp.) in the Grandicollis subgeneric group [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1997, 23 (4): 1053-1099.
Raboudi F, Mezghani M, Makni H,et al. Aphid species identification using cuticular hydrocarbons and cytochrome b gene sequences [J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 129 (2): 75-80.
Reynolds T. The evolution of chemosystematics [J]. Phytochemistry, 2007, 68: 2887-2895.
Steiner FM, Schlick-Steiner BC, Nikiforov A, et al. Cuticular hydrocarbons of Tetramorium ants from central Europe: Analysis of GC-MS data with self-organizing maps (SOM) and implications for systematics [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2002, 28 (12): 2569-2584.
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Thomas ML, Simmons LW. Cuticular hydrocarbons are heritable in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus [J]. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2008, 21 (3): 801-806.
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Vanícˇková L, Svato A, Kroiss J, et al. Cuticular hydrocarbons of the South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus: Variability with sex and age [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2012, 38 (9): 1133-1142.
Wang SP, Su CC, Zhu YJ, Identification of Monochamus urussovi and Monochamus suter by using cuticular hydrocarbons [J], Plant Protection, 2017, 43 (1): 117-120. [王书平, 苏翠翠, 朱雅君, 等. 表皮碳氢化合物在云杉大墨天牛和云杉小墨天牛鉴定中的应用 [J]. 植物保护, 2017, 43 (1): 117-120]
Yu DJ, Zhang WF, Lu XY, et al. Dynamic taxonomy proceeding for five important species of Bactrocera dorsalis complex [J]. Plant Quarantine, 2015, 29 (3): 9-15. [余道坚, 张伟锋, 卢小雨, 等. 桔小实蝇5个重要复合种分类动态 [J]. 植物检疫, 2015, 29 (3): 9-15]
Zhang HB, Li XY, Dai HG, et al. Analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons of termites and its application in taxonomy [J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2005, 48 (4): 582-587. [张红兵, 李小鹰, 戴华国, 等. 白蚁表皮碳氢化合物组分鉴定及分类学意义 [J]. 昆虫学报, 2005, 48 (4): 582-587]
Zhao CY, He YR, Zhong F, et al. Analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons of Frankliniella occidentalis [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2011, 48 (3): 536-541. [赵成银, 何余容, 钟锋, 等. 西花蓟马表皮碳氢化合物成份分析 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2011, 48 (3): 536-541]
Zhu GH, Xu XH, Yu XJ,et al. Puparial case hydrocarbons of Chrysomya megacephala as an indicator of the postmortem interval [J]. Forensic Science International, 2007, 169 (1): 1-5.
Bergman DK, Dillwith JW, Campbell RK,et al. Cuticular hydrocarbons of the Russian wheat aphid [J]. Southwestern Entomologist, 1990, 15 (2): 91-100.
Chapman RF, Espelie KE, Sword GA. Use of cuticular lipids in grasshopper taxonomy: A study of variation in Schistocerca shoshone (Thomas) [J]. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1995, 23 (4): 383-398.
Chen T, Qi GJ, Gao Y,et al. Analysis of species and population dynamics of thrips on input flowers of Guangzhou [J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2014, 36 (3): 287-292. [陈婷, 齐国君, 高燕, 等. 广州输入性花卉蓟马的种类组成及种群动态分析 [J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2014, 36 (3): 287-292]
Copren KA, Nelson LJ, Vargo EL,et al. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA sequences corroborate taxonomic designations based on cuticular hydrocarbons in subterranean termites [J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2005, 35 (3): 689-700.
Carlson DA and Service MW. Differentiation between species of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex (Diptera: Culicidae) by analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons [J]. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1979, 73 (6): 589-592.
Carlson DA, Langley PA, Huyton P. Sex pheromone of the tsetse fly:Isolation, identification, and synthesis of contact aphrodisiacs [J]. Science, 1978, 201 (4357): 750-753.
Calderón-Fernández GM, Girotti JR, Juárez MP. Cuticular hydrocarbon pattern as a chemotaxonomy marker to assess intraspecific variability in Triatoma infestans, a major vector of Chagas' disease [J]. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2012, 26 (2): 201-209.
Cui KL, Wang MS, Xian WL, et al. Distinguishing Culex pipiens pallens and C. quinque fasciatus with gas chromatography [J]. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 1991, 16 (4): 297-299. [崔可伦, 王木森, 冼伟立, 等. 应用气相色谱法鉴定淡色库蚊与致倦库蚊 [J]. 动物分类学报, 1991, 16 (4): 297-299]
Cui KL, Wang ZG, Li MX, et al. Distinguishing Anopheles dirus of Hainan Province by gas chromatography of cuticular hydrocarbons [J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 1992, 10 (4): 283-286. [崔可伦, 王志光, 李明馨, 等. 应用气相色谱法鉴别海南省大劣按蚊 [J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 1992, 10 (4): 283-286]
Dai HG, Li XY, Zhang HB. A review of the classification on termites [J]. Entomological Knowledge, 2004, 41 (1): 20-23. [戴华国, 李小鹰, 张红兵. 白蚁分类方法述评 [J]. 昆虫知识, 2004, 41 (1): 20-23]
Dallerac R, Labeur, Jallon JM,et al. A delta 9 desaturase gene with a different substrate specificity is responsible for the cuticular diene hydrocarbon polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000, 97 (17): 9449-9454.
Dronnet S, Lohou C, Christides PJ,et al. Cuticular hydrocarbon composition reflects genetic relationship among colonies of the introduced termite Reticulitermes santonensis Feytaud [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2006, 32 (5): 1027-1042.
Du XG, Liu Y, Zhuang YL. Cuticular hydrocarbon as chemotaxonomic characters for termites [J]. Plant Quarantine, 2006, 20 (1), 58-60. [杜国兴, 刘勇, 庄永林. 浅析表皮碳氢化合物分析技术在白蚁检疫鉴定中的应用 [J]. 植物检疫, 2006, 20 (1): 58-60]
Etges WJ and Jackson LL. Epicuticular hydrocarbon variation in Drosophila mojavensis cluster species [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2001, 27 (10): 2125-2149.
Galkowski C, Lebas C, Wegnez P, et al. Redescription of Proformica nasuta (Nylander, 1856) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) using an integrative approach [J]. European Journal of Taxonomy, 2017, 290: 1-40.
Gao MY, Wang XL, Li CJ. Identification of Helicoverpa armigera and H. asslta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by cuticular hydrocarbon analysis [J]. Entomological Knowledge, 1999, 36 (5): 266-269. [高明媛, 王心丽, 李重九. 表皮碳氢化合物分析用于棉铃虫与烟青虫幼虫分类鉴别 [J]. 昆虫知识, 1999, 36 (5): 266-269]
Gao MY. Application of cuticular hydrocarbon analysis to insect taxonomy [J]. Acta Entomological Sinica, 2001, 44 (1): 119-122. [高明媛. 昆虫表皮中碳氢化合物在昆虫分类中的应用 [J]. 昆虫学报, 2001, 44 (1): 119-122]
GaoY, Qi GJ, Zhong F, et al. Advances of classification and identification in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) [J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2011, 33 (3): 405-408. [高燕, 齐国君, 钟锋, 等. 西花蓟马分类鉴定方法的研究进展 [J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2011, 33 (3): 405-408]
Haverty MI, Thorne BL, Page M. Surface hydrocarbon components of two species of Nasutitermes from Trinidad [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1990, 16 (8): 2441-2450.
Hay-Roe MM, Lamas G, Nation JL. Pre- and postzygotic isolation and Haldane rule effects in reciprocal crosses of Danaus erippus and Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Danainae), supported by differentiation of cuticular hydrocarbons, establish their status as separate species [J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 91 (3): 445-453.
Hefetz A. Hymenopteran exocrine secretions as a tool for chemosystematic analysis: Possibilities and constraints [J]. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1993, 21 (1): 163-169.
Howard RW, Blomquist GJ. Chemical ecology and biochemistry of insect hydrocarbons [J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1982, 27: 149-172.
Jackson LL, Blomquist GJ. Insect waxes. In: Kolattukudy PE, ed. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Natural Waxes [C]. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976, 201-233.
Jackson LL, Baker GL. Cuticular lipids of insects [J]. Lipids, 1970, 5 (2): 239-246.
KatherR, Martin SJ. Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles as a taxonomic tool: Advantages, limitations and technical aspects [J]. Physiological Entomology, 2012, 37 (1): 25-32.
Lazzari SMN, Swedenborg PD, Jones RL. Characterization and discrimination of three Rhopalosiphum species (Homoptera: Acrididae) using cuticular hydrocarbons and cuticular surface patterns [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1991, 100B (1): 189-200
Liang D, Silverman J. ‘You are what you eat’: Diet modifies cuticular hydrocarbons and nestmate recognition in the Argentine ant Linepithema humile [J]. Naturwissenschaften, 2000, 87 (9): 412-416.
Liang XS, Xu LP, Li H et al. Solid-phase micro-extraction for the investigation of cuticular hydrocarbon of termites [J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology, 2009, 46 (4): 632-636. [梁小松, 徐刘平, 李浩, 等. 固相微萃取技术在白蚁表皮碳氢化合物分析中的应用 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2009, 46 (4): 632-636]
Lin T, Chen T, He YR. A solid injection technique suitable for cuticular hydrocarbon analysis of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) [J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2016, 59 (3): 278-291. [林涛, 陈婷, 何余容, 等. 一种可用于桔小实蝇表皮碳氢化合物分析的固体进样技术 [J]. 昆虫学报, 2016, 59 (3): 278-291]
Liu GP, Yu YX, Wang CM. Taxonomic studies of Culicoides pulicaris secyin in China (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Ⅲ. The GC analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbons [J]. Chinese Journal of Pest Control, 1999, 15 (12): 617-620. [刘国平, 虞以新, 王春梅. 中国灰黑库蠓组的分类研究(双翅目: 蠓科) III. 表皮碳氢化合物分析 [J]. 医学动物防制, 1999, 15 (12): 617-620]
Lockey KH, Metcalfe NB. Cuticular hydrocarbons of adult Himatismus species and a comparison with 21 other species of adult tenebrionid beetle using multivariate analysis [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1988, 91B(2): 371-382.
Lockey KH. Cuticular hydrocarbons of Locusta, Schistocerca, and Periplaneta, and their role in waterproofing [J]. Insect Biochemistry, 1976, 6 (5): 457-472.
Lucas C, Fresneau D, Kolmer K, et al. A multidisciplinary approach to discriminating different taxa in the species complex Pachycondyla villosa (Formicidae) [J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 75 (2): 249-259.
Lu YB, Zhang ZJ, Wu QJ,et al. Research progress of the monitoring, forecast and sustainable management of invasive alien pest Frankliniella occidentalis in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2011, 48 (3): 488-496. [吕要斌, 张治军, 吴青君, 等. 外来入侵害虫西花蓟马防控技术研究与示范 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2011, 48 (3): 488-496]
Martin SJ, Drijfhout FP. A review of ant cuticular hydrocarbons [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009, 35 (10): 1151-1161.
Martin SJ, Helanter? H, Drijfhout FP. Evolution of species-specific cuticular hydrocarbon patterns in Formica ants [J]. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95 (1): 131-140.
Marques FA, Mcelfresh JS, Millar JG. Kováts retention Indexes of monounsaturated C12, C14, and C16 alcohols, acetates and aldehydes commonly found in lepidopteran pheromone blends [J]. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2000, 11 (6): 592-599.
Mullen SP, Mendelson TC, Schal C,et al. Rapid evolution of cuticular hydrocarbons in a species radiation of acoustically diverse Hawaiian crickets (Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae: Laupala) [J]. Evolution, 2007, 61 (1): 223-231.
Page M, Nelson LJ, Blomquist GJ, et al. Cuticular hydrocarbons as chemotaxonomic characters of pine engraver beetles (Ips spp.) in the Grandicollis subgeneric group [J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1997, 23 (4): 1053-1099.
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