滇中亚高山典型森林林下植被碳氮储量及其分配格局
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摘要
通过标准地调查和生物量实测相结合的方法,对滇中亚高山5种典型森林华山松(HSS)、云南松(YNS)、滇油杉(DYS)、高山栎(GSL)和常绿阔叶林(CL)林下植被(灌木层、草本层和凋落物层)各组分生物量、碳氮储量及其分配格局进行了研究。结果表明:(1)在5种森林群落中,林下灌木、草本和凋落物生物量变幅为1.47～11.19t/hm2,0.01～0.63t/hm2,7.85～46.73t/hm2。(2)灌木层的碳氮储量变幅在0.77～5.94tC/hm2,10.97～92.84kgN/hm2,碳氮储量的主要营养器官分别为茎和叶;草本层为0.01～0.29tC/hm2,0.07～5.35kgN/hm2,均呈现出地上部分>地下部分;凋落物为2.15～13.03tC/hm2,42.07～320.58kgN/hm2,碳氮储量随分解程度加深各有不同。(3)5种林分林下灌草及凋落物碳储量大小顺序为:CL>YNS>DYS>HSS>GSL;氮储量为:CL>YNS>DYS>GSL>HSS。综上,常绿阔叶林和云南松林下灌草和凋落物具有较高的碳氮贮能力,滇油杉的碳氮贮潜力较大,应提高林分质量增加林分密度,加大保护管理力度,制定科学可行的森林管理措施,为林下植被与上层林木的协同发展以及今后研究林下植被对于全球气候变化的响应提供理论支撑。
Biomass,carbon and nitrogen storage of five different forest types,including shrub layer,herb layer and litter,and their distributions of P.armandii(HSS),P.yunnanensis(YNS),Keteleeria evelyniana(DYS),Q.aquifolioides(GSL)and Evergreen broad-leaf(CL)ecosystems,were studied in subalpine of middle Yunnan Province by using standard plot sampling and biomass measurements.The results showed that:(1)among the five typical forest communities,the ranges of shrubs,herbs and litter biomass were1.47～11.19 t/hm2,0.01～0.63 t/hm2 and 7.85～46.73 t/hm2,respectively;(2)the ranges of carbon and nitrogen storages of the shrub layer were 0.77～5.94 tC/hm2 and 10.97～92.84 kgN/hm2,and the main vegetative organs of carbon and nitrogen storages were stem and leaf;the ranges of carbon and nitrogen storage in herb layer were 0.01～0.29 tC/hm2 and 0.07～5.35 kgN/hm2;carbon and nitrogen storages in different forest shrub layers decreased in the order:overground part>underground part;the ranges of litter were 2.15～13.03 tC/hm2 and 42.07～320.58 kgN/hm2,and the carbon and nitrogen reserves varied with the degrees of decomposition;(3)carbon storages of the shrub and litter of five typical forests followed the order:CL>YNS>DYS>HSS>GSL;nitrogen reserves followed the order of:CL>YNS>DYS>GSL>HSS.In conclusion,higher carbon and nitrogen storage capacities of undergrowth layers were founded in P.yunnanens and Evergreen broad-leafforest,carbon and nitrogen storage potential of Keteleeria evelyniana was relatively larger.The quality and density of forest should be improved,the protection and management should be intensified,and scientific and feasible forest management measures should be formulated.This study would provide theoretical support for the collaborative development between undergrowth and upper trees and the future research of response of the undergrowth to the global climate change.
Biomass,carbon and nitrogen storage of five different forest types,including shrub layer,herb layer and litter,and their distributions of P.armandii(HSS),P.yunnanensis(YNS),Keteleeria evelyniana(DYS),Q.aquifolioides(GSL)and Evergreen broad-leaf(CL)ecosystems,were studied in subalpine of middle Yunnan Province by using standard plot sampling and biomass measurements.The results showed that:(1)among the five typical forest communities,the ranges of shrubs,herbs and litter biomass were1.47～11.19 t/hm2,0.01～0.63 t/hm2 and 7.85～46.73 t/hm2,respectively;(2)the ranges of carbon and nitrogen storages of the shrub layer were 0.77～5.94 tC/hm2 and 10.97～92.84 kgN/hm2,and the main vegetative organs of carbon and nitrogen storages were stem and leaf;the ranges of carbon and nitrogen storage in herb layer were 0.01～0.29 tC/hm2 and 0.07～5.35 kgN/hm2;carbon and nitrogen storages in different forest shrub layers decreased in the order:overground part>underground part;the ranges of litter were 2.15～13.03 tC/hm2 and 42.07～320.58 kgN/hm2,and the carbon and nitrogen reserves varied with the degrees of decomposition;(3)carbon storages of the shrub and litter of five typical forests followed the order:CL>YNS>DYS>HSS>GSL;nitrogen reserves followed the order of:CL>YNS>DYS>GSL>HSS.In conclusion,higher carbon and nitrogen storage capacities of undergrowth layers were founded in P.yunnanens and Evergreen broad-leafforest,carbon and nitrogen storage potential of Keteleeria evelyniana was relatively larger.The quality and density of forest should be improved,the protection and management should be intensified,and scientific and feasible forest management measures should be formulated.This study would provide theoretical support for the collaborative development between undergrowth and upper trees and the future research of response of the undergrowth to the global climate change.
引文
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[12]沈燕,田大伦,闫文德,等.湖南沅陵天然次生白栎+檫木+杉木群落生物量及其分布规律[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(5):44-51.
[13]李晶晶,党坤良,周勇,等.秦岭中段南坡华山松林能量结构特征和碳储量研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(11):58-66.
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[15]张志华,王连春,郑东瑞,等.滇西北云南松人工林林分生物量研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(31):19203-19205.
[16]严理,刘晓璐,秦武明,等.广西百色细叶云南松天然林生物量研究[J].西部林业科学,2014,43(3):134-138.
[17]田大伦,胡曰利,闫文德,等.连栽杉木林林下植被生物量动态格局[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2737-2747.
[18]闫文德,田大伦,焦秀梅.会同第二代杉木人工林林下植被生物量分布及动态[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(3):323-327.
[19] Zhou L,Shalom A D D,Wu P,et al.Litterfall production and nutrient return in different-aged Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)plantations in South China[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2015,26(1):79-89.
[20]王兵,杨清培,郭起荣,等.大岗山毛竹林与常绿阔叶林碳储量及分配格局[J].广西植物,2011,31(3):342-348.
[21]徐伟强,周璋,赵厚本,等.南亚热带3种常绿阔叶次生林的生物量结构和固碳现状[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):1938-1943.
[22]杨丽丽,王彦辉,文仕知,等.六盘山4种森林生态系统的碳氮储量、组成及分布特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(15):5215-5227.
[23]罗达,史作民,王卫霞,等.南亚热带格木、马尾松幼龄人工纯林及其混交林生态系统碳氮储量[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):6051-6059.
[24]刘顺,罗达,刘千里,等.川西亚高山不同森林生态系统碳氮储量及其分配格局[J].生态学报,2017,37(4):1074-1083.
[25]杨阳,王根绪,冉飞,等.西藏高原主要森林类型凋落物碳储量及空间分布格局[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):559-566.
[26]周玉荣,于振良,赵士洞.我国主要森林生态系统碳贮量和碳平衡[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(5):518-522.
[27]魏江生,乌日古玛拉,周梅,等.基于灌木林碳储量估算的植被含碳率取值[J].草业科学,2016,33(11):2202-2208.
[28]蔡年辉,许玉兰,李根前,等.天然云南松生物量动态研究[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(10):1255-1258.
[29]王卫霞,史作民,罗达,等.我国南亚热带几种人工林生态系统碳氮储量[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):0925-0933.
[30]吴春生,刘苑秋,魏晓华,等.亚热带典型森林凋落物及细根的生物量和碳储量研究[J].西南林业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,36(5):45-51.
[31]陈莉,韩畅,宋苏,等.广西不同林龄软阔林碳储量及其分配格局[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(3):592-600.
[32]贾汉森,段劼,马履一,等.不同林龄刺槐人工林碳储量及分配规律[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(4):636-642.
[33]宋变兰,关晋宏,杜盛,等.黄土丘陵区刺槐、辽东栎林碳氮密度及其分配特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):55-65.
[2] Ceulemans R,Janssens I A,Jach M E.Effects of CO enrichment on trees and forests:Lessons to be learned in view of future ecosystem studies[J].Annals of Botany,1999,84(5):577-590.
[3]苗艳明,吕金枝,毕润成.不同功能性植物叶氮含量与光合特性的关系研究[J].植物研究,2012,32(4):425-529.
[4]王瑞华,葛晓敏,唐罗忠.林下植被多样性、生物量及养分作用进展研究[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(1):43-48.
[5]何艺玲,傅懋毅.人工林下植被的研究现状[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(6):727-733.
[6]杨昆,管东生.林下植被的生物量分布特征及其作用[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(10):1252-1256.
[7] Domke G M,Perry C H,Walters B F,et al.Estimating litter carbon stocks on forest land in the United States[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,557/558:469-478.
[8]付梦瑶,贺军钊,宋良红,等.三门峡山区典型森林植被乔木层生物量动态研究[J].河南科学,2016,34(3):332-337.
[9]刘林森.滇西北云南松生物量模型回归分析[J].山东林业科技,2015,45(4):5-9.
[10]李久林,梁士楚.贵州青岩油杉种群生物量研究[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,1997,15(1):7-12.
[11]刘兴良,郝晓东,杨冬生,等.卧龙巴郎山川滇高山栎灌丛地上生物量及其模型[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(5):487-491.
[12]沈燕,田大伦,闫文德,等.湖南沅陵天然次生白栎+檫木+杉木群落生物量及其分布规律[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(5):44-51.
[13]李晶晶,党坤良,周勇,等.秦岭中段南坡华山松林能量结构特征和碳储量研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(11):58-66.
[14]马明,王得祥,刘玉民.秦岭天然华山松林碳素空间分布规律及其动态变化[J].林业资源管理,2008(5):75-78.
[15]张志华,王连春,郑东瑞,等.滇西北云南松人工林林分生物量研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(31):19203-19205.
[16]严理,刘晓璐,秦武明,等.广西百色细叶云南松天然林生物量研究[J].西部林业科学,2014,43(3):134-138.
[17]田大伦,胡曰利,闫文德,等.连栽杉木林林下植被生物量动态格局[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2737-2747.
[18]闫文德,田大伦,焦秀梅.会同第二代杉木人工林林下植被生物量分布及动态[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(3):323-327.
[19] Zhou L,Shalom A D D,Wu P,et al.Litterfall production and nutrient return in different-aged Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)plantations in South China[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2015,26(1):79-89.
[20]王兵,杨清培,郭起荣,等.大岗山毛竹林与常绿阔叶林碳储量及分配格局[J].广西植物,2011,31(3):342-348.
[21]徐伟强,周璋,赵厚本,等.南亚热带3种常绿阔叶次生林的生物量结构和固碳现状[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):1938-1943.
[22]杨丽丽,王彦辉,文仕知,等.六盘山4种森林生态系统的碳氮储量、组成及分布特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(15):5215-5227.
[23]罗达,史作民,王卫霞,等.南亚热带格木、马尾松幼龄人工纯林及其混交林生态系统碳氮储量[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):6051-6059.
[24]刘顺,罗达,刘千里,等.川西亚高山不同森林生态系统碳氮储量及其分配格局[J].生态学报,2017,37(4):1074-1083.
[25]杨阳,王根绪,冉飞,等.西藏高原主要森林类型凋落物碳储量及空间分布格局[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):559-566.
[26]周玉荣,于振良,赵士洞.我国主要森林生态系统碳贮量和碳平衡[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(5):518-522.
[27]魏江生,乌日古玛拉,周梅,等.基于灌木林碳储量估算的植被含碳率取值[J].草业科学,2016,33(11):2202-2208.
[28]蔡年辉,许玉兰,李根前,等.天然云南松生物量动态研究[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(10):1255-1258.
[29]王卫霞,史作民,罗达,等.我国南亚热带几种人工林生态系统碳氮储量[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):0925-0933.
[30]吴春生,刘苑秋,魏晓华,等.亚热带典型森林凋落物及细根的生物量和碳储量研究[J].西南林业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,36(5):45-51.
[31]陈莉,韩畅,宋苏,等.广西不同林龄软阔林碳储量及其分配格局[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(3):592-600.
[32]贾汉森,段劼,马履一,等.不同林龄刺槐人工林碳储量及分配规律[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(4):636-642.
[33]宋变兰,关晋宏,杜盛,等.黄土丘陵区刺槐、辽东栎林碳氮密度及其分配特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):55-65.