地震数据分频处理技术及其在煤田勘探中的应用
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摘要
针对煤田地震勘探中当地震数据采集质量不高,信噪比及分辨率不高,常用的处理方法又不能达到有效的改善,影响地震资料解释精度的问题,以河南荥阳某煤矿三维地震资料为依托,开展了地震资料的分频处理研究。对勘探区的地震数据采用能量扫描以及频谱分析的方法,确定了地震资料的频带范围,并划分频带。分别在不同频带内进行精细化处理,再将各频带的地震反射波能量做叠加,达到了提高资料分辨率的目的。提高了煤田地震勘探小构造解释分辨的精度,对地震资料解释有很大的帮助。
For signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data and resolution of the seismic data was low and the conventional processing effect was not good,affect the interpretation of seismic data accuracy,Based on the three-dimensional seismic data of a coal mine in Xingyang,the frequency division processing of seismic data was carried out. The seismic data of the exploration area were processed by energy scanning and spectrum analysis. The frequency range of the seismic data was determined and the frequency band was divided. In different bands within the fine processing,and then the band of seismic reflection wave energy to do superposition,to improve the resolution of the purpose of the data. Which can improve the accuracy of small structure interpretation and interpretation of coal mine seismic exploration. It is helpful to explain the interpretation of seismic data.
For signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data and resolution of the seismic data was low and the conventional processing effect was not good,affect the interpretation of seismic data accuracy,Based on the three-dimensional seismic data of a coal mine in Xingyang,the frequency division processing of seismic data was carried out. The seismic data of the exploration area were processed by energy scanning and spectrum analysis. The frequency range of the seismic data was determined and the frequency band was divided. In different bands within the fine processing,and then the band of seismic reflection wave energy to do superposition,to improve the resolution of the purpose of the data. Which can improve the accuracy of small structure interpretation and interpretation of coal mine seismic exploration. It is helpful to explain the interpretation of seismic data.
引文
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[15]薛大力,徐鸣洁,龚姚进,等.地震分频解释技术在沈143井区储层预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(3):128-131.Xue Dali,Xu Mingjie,Gong Yaojin,et al.Application of frequency-shared interpretation technique in reservoir prediction of Shen143 well area[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(5):128-131.
[16]付燕.基于小波变换的地震信号分时分频相关去噪[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,30(6):52-54.Fu Yan.Seismic data de-noising based on wavelet transform[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2002,30(6):52-54.
[17]张明学.地震勘探原理与解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010.
[18]张军华.地震资料去噪方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社出版,2011.
[19]王云高,周夏丽,于湘海,等.多目标储层地震分时频处理技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):274-279.Wang Yungao,Zhou Xiali,Yu Xianghai,et al.Multi-time and frequency gate seismic data processing and its application in the multi-target Mesozoic reservoir[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(4):274-279.
[20]刘怀山等译.地震资料分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[21]冯斌,赵峰华,王淑华.地震分频解释技术在河道砂预测中的应用[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):510-514.Feng Bin,Zhao Fenghua,Wang Shuhua.Application of spectral decomposition technique in fluvial sand body prediction[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(5):510-514.
[2]高爱荣,秦广胜.地震资料分频处理及应用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2010(14):11-12.Gao Airong,Qin Guangsheng.Frequency-divisional seismic data processing and its application[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry.2010(14):11-12.
[3]蔡希玲,吕英梅.地震数据时频分析与分频处理[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(4):265-271.Cai Xiling,LüYingmei.Frequency-divisional seismic data processing and its application[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,28(4):265-271.
[4]张江华,林承焰,于彦,等.分频解释技术在岩性储层描述中的应用[J].煤田地质勘探,2008,36(5):70-76.Zhang Jianghua,Lin Chengyan,Yu Yan,et al.Application of frequency-shared interpretation technique for lithology reservoir description[J].Coal Geology&Exploration.2008,36(5):70-76.
[5]居兴华.地震资料分频处理[J].煤田地质与勘探,1993,21(5):50-55.Ju Xinghua.Frequency-divisional seismic data processing[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,1993,21(5):50-55.
[6]程荃.叠后地震记录分频去噪[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(1):31-34.Cheng Quan.Stacked Seismic data with spectrum sharing noise elimination[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,25(1):31-34.
[7]张延章,尹寿鹏,张巧玲,等.地震分频技术的地质内涵及其效果分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):64-68.Zhang Yanzhang,Yin Shoupeng,Zhang Qiaoling,et al.Geologic significance of the seismic spectral decomposition technology and its application analysis[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):64-68.
[8]牟永光,陈小宏,李国发,等.地震数据处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.
[9]刘喜武,宁俊瑞,刘培体,等.地震时频分析与分频解释及频谱分解技术在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1679-1688.Liu Xiwu,Ning Junrui,Liu Peiti,et al.Seismic time-frequency analysis for frequency decomposition with applications to seismic sedimentology and reservoir imaging[J].Progress Geophysics,2009,24(5):1679-1688.
[10]李金辉.郑煤集团崔庙煤矿三维地震勘探报告[R].泰安:山东省煤田地质局物探测量队,2011.
[11]范洪军,李军,肖毓祥,等.地震分频技术在扇三角洲演化过程研究中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):682-687.Fan Hongjun,Li Jun,Xiao Yuxiang,et al.Application of seismic frequency-division technology in the study of delta evolution,2007,28(5):682-687.
[12]余鹏,李振春.分频技术在储层预测中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(6):419-424.Yu peng,Li zhenchun.Application of frequency-shared interpretation technique for lithology reservoir description[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2006,29(6):419-424.
[13]陈友良.时频分析在地震信号处理中的研究及应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2011.
[14]林年添,孙剑,汤健健,等.分频技术在塔中地区地震储层边界刻画中的应用[J].山东科技大学学报,2012,31(4):18-24.Lin Niantian,Sun Jian,Tang Jianjian,et al.Spectral decomposition technology and its application to improving resolution of frequency spectrum[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology,2012,31(4):18-24.
[15]薛大力,徐鸣洁,龚姚进,等.地震分频解释技术在沈143井区储层预测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(3):128-131.Xue Dali,Xu Mingjie,Gong Yaojin,et al.Application of frequency-shared interpretation technique in reservoir prediction of Shen143 well area[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(5):128-131.
[16]付燕.基于小波变换的地震信号分时分频相关去噪[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,30(6):52-54.Fu Yan.Seismic data de-noising based on wavelet transform[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2002,30(6):52-54.
[17]张明学.地震勘探原理与解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010.
[18]张军华.地震资料去噪方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社出版,2011.
[19]王云高,周夏丽,于湘海,等.多目标储层地震分时频处理技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):274-279.Wang Yungao,Zhou Xiali,Yu Xianghai,et al.Multi-time and frequency gate seismic data processing and its application in the multi-target Mesozoic reservoir[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(4):274-279.
[20]刘怀山等译.地震资料分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[21]冯斌,赵峰华,王淑华.地震分频解释技术在河道砂预测中的应用[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):510-514.Feng Bin,Zhao Fenghua,Wang Shuhua.Application of spectral decomposition technique in fluvial sand body prediction[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(5):510-514.