基于比贯入阻力的土体力学分层自动划分方法
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摘要
基于比贯入阻力(ps)进行力学分层依赖于工程经验和工程师的主观判断,划分的土层剖面不可避免地存在不确定性.提出了一种基于ps自动划分土层的贝叶斯方法,所提方法在考虑ps的统计特性的条件下,确定最可能土层数,识别最可能的土层界面和ps的统计特征,并定量地表征土层界面和ps的统计特征的不确定性.采用基于子集模拟的贝叶斯更新方法求解高维复杂贝叶斯方程.最后,通过一套真实的ps数据说明了所提方法的有效性.结果表明:所提方法自动划分的土层合理地反映了不同土层ps的统计特性,识别出的每个土层内ps具有统计相似性,相邻土层ps的统计特性差异显著.
Delineation of underground stratigraphy using specific penetration resistance(ps)relies on engineering experience and judgements.Uncertainties in the resulting soil layer profile are hence unavoidable.This paper develops a Bayesian framework to probabilistically identify underground stratigraphy based on psdata.The proposed Bayesian framework not only identifies the most probable number of soil layers and soil layer boundaries with the consideration of statistical characteristics(e.g.,trend and scatterness)of ps,but also quantifies the uncertainties in underground stratigraphy and statistic characteristics.A subset simulation-based Bayesian updating algorithm(CBUS)is used to solve the complex Bayesian updating problem with high dimensions.Finally,the proposed approach is illustrated and verified using real psdata.The results show that the underground stratigraphy identified from the proposed approach is based on statistical similarity of psdata.The psdata within the same soil layer have similar statistical behaviors;and those within different soil layers are statistically different.
Delineation of underground stratigraphy using specific penetration resistance(ps)relies on engineering experience and judgements.Uncertainties in the resulting soil layer profile are hence unavoidable.This paper develops a Bayesian framework to probabilistically identify underground stratigraphy based on psdata.The proposed Bayesian framework not only identifies the most probable number of soil layers and soil layer boundaries with the consideration of statistical characteristics(e.g.,trend and scatterness)of ps,but also quantifies the uncertainties in underground stratigraphy and statistic characteristics.A subset simulation-based Bayesian updating algorithm(CBUS)is used to solve the complex Bayesian updating problem with high dimensions.Finally,the proposed approach is illustrated and verified using real psdata.The results show that the underground stratigraphy identified from the proposed approach is based on statistical similarity of psdata.The psdata within the same soil layer have similar statistical behaviors;and those within different soil layers are statistically different.
引文
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[25]Li D Q,Xiao T,Cao Z J,et al.Enhancement of random finite element method in reliability analysis and risk assessment of soil slopes using subset simulation[J].Landslides,2016,13(2):293-303.
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[2]工程地质手册编委会.工程地质手册[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,2007:197-216.Editorial Board of Handbook of Engineering Geology.Handbook of Engineering Geology[M].Beijing:China Architecture Press,2007:197-216.
[3]顾宝和.《岩土工程勘察规范》中的静力触探问题[J].工程勘察,2008,(10):4-5.Gu Baohe.Problems of CPT technology with“Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering”[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2008,(10):4-5.
[4]陈维家,汪火旺.静力触探中土层界面效应试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(2):25-27.Chen Weijia,Wang Huowang.Research of soil-layer interface effect in cone penetration test[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2003,30(2):25-27.
[5]中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China,People’s Republic of China General Administration of quality supervision,inspection and quarantine.GB 50021-2001Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2009.
[6]铁道第四勘察设计院.TB 10018-2003铁路工程地质原位测试规程[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.Railway Fourth Survey and Design Institute.TB10018-2003Code for In-Site Measurement of Railway Engineering Geology[S].Beijing:China Railway Press,2003.
[7]Houlsby N M T,Houlsby G T.Statistical fitting of undrained strength data[J].Géotechnique,2013,63(14):1253-1263.
[8]Huang K,Wang Y,Cao Z J.Bayesian identification of soil strata in London Clay[J].Géotechnique,2014,64(3):239-246.
[9]Cao Z J,Wang Y.Bayesian model comparison and selection of spatial correlation functions for soil parameters[J].Structural Safety,2014,49:10-17.
[10]Cao Z J,Wang Y,Li D Q.Quantification of prior knowledge in geotechnical site characterization[J].Engineering Geology,2016,203:107-116.
[11]Tian M,Li D Q,Cao Z J,et al.Bayesian identification of random field model using indirect test data[J].Engineering Geology,2016,210:197-211.
[12]Cao Z J,Wang Y.Bayesian approach for probabilistic site characterization using cone penetration tests[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2013,139(2):267-276.
[13]Cao Z J,Wang Y.Bayesian approach for probabilistic site characterization using cone penetration tests[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2013,139(2):267-276.
[14]Wang Y,Huang K,Cao Z J.Probabilistic identification of underground soil stratification using cone penetration tests[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2013,50(7):766-776.
[15]Au S K,Beck J L.Estimation of small failure probabilities in high dimensions by subset simulation[J].Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2001,16(4):263-277.
[16]Au S K,Beck J L.Subset simulation and its application to seismic risk based on dynamic analysis[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2003,129(8):901-917.
[17]Straub D,Papaioannou I.Bayesian updating with structural reliability methods[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2015,141(3):04014134.
[18]Straub D.Reliability updating with equality information[J].Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2011,26(2):254-258.
[19]Au S K,DiazDelaO F A,Yoshida I.Bayesian updating and model class selection with subset simulation[R].Statistics Computation,2015,arXiv:1510.06989v1[stat.CO].
[20]曹子君.子集模拟在边坡可靠性分析中的应用[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009.Cao Zijun.Application of subset simulation on reliability analysis of slope stability[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009.
[21]Au S K,Cao Z J,Wang Y.Implementing advanced Monte Carlo simulation under spreadsheet environment[J].Structural Safety,2010,32(5):281-292.
[22]Wang Y,Cao Z J,Au S K.Practical reliability analysis of slope stability by advanced Monte Carlo simulations in a spreadsheet[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2011,48(1):162-172.
[23]李典庆,肖特,曹子君,等.基于极限平衡法和有限元法的边坡协同式可靠度分析[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(6):1004-1013.Li Dianqing,Xiao Te,Cao Zijun,et al.Auxiliary slope reliability analysis using limit equilibrium method and finite element method[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(6):1004-1013.
[24]李典庆,肖特,曹子君,等.基于高效随机有限元法的边坡风险评估[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):1994-2003.Li Dianqing,Xiao Te,Cao Zijun,et al.Slope risk assessment using efficient random finite element method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(7):1994-2003.
[25]Li D Q,Xiao T,Cao Z J,et al.Enhancement of random finite element method in reliability analysis and risk assessment of soil slopes using subset simulation[J].Landslides,2016,13(2):293-303.
[26]Li H S,Au S K.Design optimization using subset simulation algorithm[J].Structural Safety,2010,32(6):384-392.
[27]Li H S.Subset simulation for unconstrained global optimization[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling,2011,35(10):5108-5120.
[28]Mathworks,Inc.MATLAB:the language of technical computing[EB/OL].(2016-03)[2017-04-07].http://cn.mathworks.com,2016.
[29]马海鹏,陈祖煜,于沭.上海地区土体抗剪强度与静力触探比贯入阻力相关关系研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(2):536-542.Ma Haipeng,Chen Zuyu,Yu Shu.Correlations of soil shear strength with specific penetration resistance of CPT in Shanghai area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(2):536-542.