蚕豆绿肥利用方式对紫色土氮素矿化和硝化特征的影响
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摘要
豆科绿肥对紫色土土壤氮素转化具有重要影响,而氮素矿化和硝化是决定土壤有效氮含量多少的重要环节。本文选取川、渝两地常见的蚕豆作为绿肥材料,分别以0.6 g/100 g、1.8 g/100 g和3.0 g/100 g(豆科绿肥干重/风干土重量)进行绿肥翻压(FY)和绿肥覆盖(FG),通过室内恒温好气培养法来研究蚕豆绿肥对紫色土氮素矿化和硝化特征的影响,测定了不同绿肥利用下的土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、全氮、有机质含量和氨氧化潜势及硝化强度,并计算土壤氮素矿化量和硝化率。结果表明,与不施绿肥对照相比,绿肥翻压和覆盖下土壤净氮矿化量和硝化率均明显提高,且在一定范围内有随绿肥施用量增加而增加的趋势。其中,FY1.8处理土壤净氮矿化量最高达304.21 mg/kg,与CK相比增加了302.70 mg/kg。土壤氮素最终硝化率达到了91.04%～96.80%,表现为FG3.0最高,FY3.0次之,FG0.6最低。中高量绿肥覆盖或翻压均显著提高了土壤全氮和有机质含量、土壤氨氧化潜势和土壤硝化强度;在相同绿肥用量下,绿肥翻压处理显著高于绿肥覆盖处理(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,土壤净氮矿化量与铵态氮、全氮和有机质呈极显著的正相关关系,与硝态氮呈极显著的负相关关系;土壤的硝化率、土壤氨氧化潜势和土壤硝化强度与土壤pH值呈显著正相关关系。综上,蚕豆绿肥覆盖或翻压是提高紫色土土壤供氮能力的一种有效途径,其效应因利用方式和施用量不同而异。
Legumes plays an important role in nitrogen transformation in purple soil,however,nitrogen mineralization and nitrification are important processes in determining the amount of soil available nitrogen.In this paper,Vicia faba L. commonly planted in Sichuan and Chongqing was used for green manure materials.They were mulched and incorporated with 0.6 g/100 g,1.8 g/100 g and 3.0 g/100 g respectively(Dry weights of green manure/Dry weights of purple soil). The effect of green manure of Vicia faba L.on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification characteristics in purple soil was explored by the laboratory aerobic incubation under constant temperature.The contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N,total nitrogen,organic matter,potential nitrification rate and nitrification intensity of soil under different utilization patterns of green manure were measured,and the amount of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rate in soil were calculated.The results showed,compared with CK,soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rate were obviously improved under the two ways of green manure mulched and incorporated,and they all had a tendency to increase with the increase of application rates of green manure in a certain range.Among them,soil nitrogen mineralization of FY1.8 was the highest,which was 304.21 mg/kg.Compared with CK,it was improved by 302.70 mg/kg.The final nitrification rate of soil nitrogen reached 91.04% to 96.80%. It showed that FG3.0 was the highest,followed by FY3.0 and FG0.6 was the lowest.The content of soil total nitrogen and organic matter,soil potential nitrification rate and soil nitrification intensity were significantly improved by medium and high amount of mulched or incorporated green manure,and under the same amount of green manure,the treatment of incorporated green manure was significantly higher than that of mulched green manure(P<0.05).Soil nitrogen mineralization was positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen and organic matter,and which was significantly negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen. The nitrification rate of soil,potential nitrification rate and the intensity of soil nitrification were positively related to soil pH.In summary,it is an effective way to improve supplying capacity of soil nitrogen in purple soil with ways of green manure being mulched or incorporated,and its effect varies with different utilization patterns and application rates.
Legumes plays an important role in nitrogen transformation in purple soil,however,nitrogen mineralization and nitrification are important processes in determining the amount of soil available nitrogen.In this paper,Vicia faba L. commonly planted in Sichuan and Chongqing was used for green manure materials.They were mulched and incorporated with 0.6 g/100 g,1.8 g/100 g and 3.0 g/100 g respectively(Dry weights of green manure/Dry weights of purple soil). The effect of green manure of Vicia faba L.on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification characteristics in purple soil was explored by the laboratory aerobic incubation under constant temperature.The contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N,total nitrogen,organic matter,potential nitrification rate and nitrification intensity of soil under different utilization patterns of green manure were measured,and the amount of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rate in soil were calculated.The results showed,compared with CK,soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rate were obviously improved under the two ways of green manure mulched and incorporated,and they all had a tendency to increase with the increase of application rates of green manure in a certain range.Among them,soil nitrogen mineralization of FY1.8 was the highest,which was 304.21 mg/kg.Compared with CK,it was improved by 302.70 mg/kg.The final nitrification rate of soil nitrogen reached 91.04% to 96.80%. It showed that FG3.0 was the highest,followed by FY3.0 and FG0.6 was the lowest.The content of soil total nitrogen and organic matter,soil potential nitrification rate and soil nitrification intensity were significantly improved by medium and high amount of mulched or incorporated green manure,and under the same amount of green manure,the treatment of incorporated green manure was significantly higher than that of mulched green manure(P<0.05).Soil nitrogen mineralization was positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen and organic matter,and which was significantly negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen. The nitrification rate of soil,potential nitrification rate and the intensity of soil nitrification were positively related to soil pH.In summary,it is an effective way to improve supplying capacity of soil nitrogen in purple soil with ways of green manure being mulched or incorporated,and its effect varies with different utilization patterns and application rates.
引文
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[3]秦子娴,张宇亭,周志峰,等.长期施肥对中性紫色水稻土氮素矿化和硝化作用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(16):3392-3400.
[4]王艳杰,邹国元,付桦,等.土壤氮素矿化研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(10):203-208.
[5]Rasmussen P E,Douglas Jr C L,Collins H P,et al.Long-term cropping system effects on mineralizable nitrogen in soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1998,30(13):1829-1837.
[6]杨斌,陈源泉,隋鹏,等.东北平原玉米主产区不同施肥方式对农田生态系统健康的影响[J].作物杂志,2010,(4):77-81.
[7]耿赛男.豆科绿肥对旱坡地紫色土地力提升的机理研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.
[8]Zeglin L H,Stursova M,Sinsabaugh R L,et al.Microbial responses to nitrogen addition in three contrasting grassland ecosystems[J].Oecologia,2007,154(2):349-359.
[9]Vourlitis G L,Zorba G,Pasquini S C,et al.Chronic nitrogen deposition enhances nitrogen mineralization potential of semiarid shrubland soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2007,71(1):836-842.
[10]徐法伟,姜春霞,陈家宙.稻草覆盖措施对红壤氮素矿化的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2011,30(6):717-721.
[11]张旭,席北斗,赵越,等.有机废弃物堆肥培肥土壤的氮素矿化特性研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2448-2455.
[12]Corbeels M O,Connell A,Grove T S,et al.Nitrogen release from eucalypt leaves and legume residues as influenced by their biochemical quality and degree of contact with soil[J].Plant and Soil,2003,250:15-28.
[13]Moreno-Cornejo J,Zornoza R,Faz A.Carbon and nitrogen mineralization during decomposition of crop residues in a calcareous soil[J].Geoderma,2014,230-231(7):58-63.
[14]张名豪,卢吉文,赵秀兰.有机物料对两种紫色土氮素矿化的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2291-2297.
[15]秦燕,何峰,仝宗永,等.施肥对羊草草原土壤氮素转化的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(10):48-55.
[16]王正银.紫色土氮素转化与作物施氮效应研究[J].土壤学报,2002,39(6):206-215.
[17]余泺,高明,慈恩,等.不同耕作方式下土壤氮素矿化和硝化特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(3):733-738.
[18]Samuel A,Sylvie R.Mineralisation of crop residues on the soil surface or incorporated in the soil under controlled conditions[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2007,43(6):849-852.
[19]Jin K,Sleutel S,Neve S D,et al.Nitrogen and carbon mineralization of surface-applied and incorporated winter wheat and peanut residues[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2008,44(4):661-665.
[20]贾俊仙,李忠佩,车玉萍.添加葡萄糖对不同肥力红壤性水稻土氮素转化的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(8):1617-1624.
[21]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[22]宋歌,孙波,教剑英.测定土壤硝态氮的紫外分光光度法与其他方法的比较[J].土壤学报,2007,44(2):288-293.
[23]Kurola J,Salkinoja-Salonen M,Aarnio T,et al.Activity,diversity and population size of ammonia-oxidising bacteria in oilcontaminatedlandfarming soil[J].Fems Microbiology Letters,2005,250:33-38.
[24]郑莹莹.干湿交替对土壤氮素转化及生物学特征的影响[D].上海:东华大学,2013.30-31.
[25]郎漫,李平,王丹丹,等.有机物料对黑土氮素转化的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,46(6):1347-1351.
[26]Dancer W S,Peterson L A,Chesters G.Ammonification and nitrification of N as influenced by soil pH and previous N treatments1[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1973,37(1):67-69.
[27]李良谟,潘映华,周秀如,等.太湖地区主要类型土壤的硝化作用及其影响因素[J].土壤,1987,(6):289-293.
[28]范晓晖,朱兆良.旱地土壤中的硝化-反硝化作用[J].土壤通报,2002,33(5):385-391.
[29]王晓维,徐健程,龙昌智,等.施氮量和土壤含水量对黑麦草还田红壤氮素矿化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):365-374.
[30]吴元华,王永,石屹,等.冬牧70黑麦秸秆还田对烟田土壤氮素矿化的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,45(5):506-509.
[31]吕鹏超,梁斌,隋方功,等.不同绿肥秸秆养分释放规律的研究[J].作物杂志,2015,(4):130-134.
[32]王秀领,闫旭东,徐玉鹏.覆盖大豆绿肥腐解规律及其对土壤养分的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012,(5):57-60.
[33]陈尚洪,朱钟麟,吴婕,等.紫色土丘陵区秸秆还田的腐解特征及对土壤肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):141-146.
[34]朱大威,黄耀,卢燕宇.有机肥氮素释放动态模型的初步研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2006,29(3):146-150.
[35]鲁彩艳,陈欣.不同施肥处理土壤及不同C/N比有机物料中有机N的矿化进程[J].土壤通报,2003,34(4):267-270.
[36]张恒,王晶君,孟琳,等.贵州省典型植烟土壤氮素矿化研究[J].中国烟草科学,2013,(3):1-5.
[37]李菊梅,王朝辉,李生秀.有机质、全氮和可矿化氮在反映土壤供氮能力方面的意义[J].土壤学报,2003,40(2):232-238.
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