特高压断路器预击穿对合闸空载GIS母线操作过电压的影响
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摘要
针对近几年国内特高压GIS设备启动调试过程中在断路器合闸冲击空载母线时造成绝缘击穿事件,参考特高压GIS断路器特性,建立电磁暂态仿真模型,研究了断路器预击穿对特高压GIS母线快速暂态过电压的影响,得到以下结论:①在断路器合闸空载GIS母线时,不考虑断路器预击穿,则2%统计过电压为1.58 p.u.,考虑预击穿现象后,其最高可达1.8 p.u.;②根据仿真计算,特高压断路器合闸空载GIS母线暂态过电压的首波上升时间约为0.3μs,小于标准雷电冲击波的上升时间;③断路器合闸空载GIS母线暂态过电压虽没有超过GIS设备的操作冲击耐受水平,但可激发GIS母线的隐性缺陷,引起绝缘事件。根据仿真计算结果和国内外对GIS设备绝缘特性的研究,对预防此类绝缘击穿事件提出了意见和建议,对交流特高压GIS设备的设计和绝缘事故预防具有一定的参考价值。
In the light of insulation breakdown events caused by UHV circuit breaker closing unloaded GIS bus when commissioning process of UHV GIS equipment in recent years, in this paper, effects on switching overvoltage when closing unloaded GIS bus caused by the pre-breakdown of the circuit breaker is researched. And the results suggest: 1) if without considering the pre-breakdown of the circuit breaker, the 2% statistics overvoltage is 1.58 p.u.,while with considering the pre-breakdown, the overvoltage would be up to 1.8 p.u.; 2)The rise time of the first transient overvoltage wave is 0.3 μs,less than the standard lightning impulse rising time; 3)The fast transient overvoltage did not exceed switching impulse protective level of UHV GIS equipments, but the hidden defects of equipments would be excited easily with the effect of the overvoltage, even cause insulation accident. Based on the simulation results and the researches on the insulation characteristics of GIS equipment at home and abroad, this paper puts forward some opinions and suggestions are put forward to prevent the insulation breakdown, and the research conclusions of this paper can be used as reference for the design of AC UHV GIS equipment and insulation accident prevention.
In the light of insulation breakdown events caused by UHV circuit breaker closing unloaded GIS bus when commissioning process of UHV GIS equipment in recent years, in this paper, effects on switching overvoltage when closing unloaded GIS bus caused by the pre-breakdown of the circuit breaker is researched. And the results suggest: 1) if without considering the pre-breakdown of the circuit breaker, the 2% statistics overvoltage is 1.58 p.u.,while with considering the pre-breakdown, the overvoltage would be up to 1.8 p.u.; 2)The rise time of the first transient overvoltage wave is 0.3 μs,less than the standard lightning impulse rising time; 3)The fast transient overvoltage did not exceed switching impulse protective level of UHV GIS equipments, but the hidden defects of equipments would be excited easily with the effect of the overvoltage, even cause insulation accident. Based on the simulation results and the researches on the insulation characteristics of GIS equipment at home and abroad, this paper puts forward some opinions and suggestions are put forward to prevent the insulation breakdown, and the research conclusions of this paper can be used as reference for the design of AC UHV GIS equipment and insulation accident prevention.
引文
[1]李云阁.ATP-EMTP及其在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016.LI Yunge. ATP-EMTP and the application in power system[M]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2016.
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[3]绝缘配合第2部分:使用导则:GB/T 311.2-2013[S].2013.Insulation coordination Part 2:Application guide:GB/T311.2-2013[S].2013.
[4]范兴明,邹积岩,陈跃,等.高压断路器合成关合试验要求及其关合性能的研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(10):81-85.FAN Xingming,ZOU Jiyan, CHEN Yue, et al. Research on requirements for synthetic making test and making capability of high-voltage circuit-breaker[J]. Power System Technology,2006,30(10):81-85.
[5]陈向宜,甄威,刘明忠.特高压直流换流站选相合闸控制装置现场调试技术[J].电网技术,2012,36(2):17-22.CHEN Xiangyi,ZHEN Wei, LIU Mingzhong. On-site commissioning technology for phase-selection switching on control of UHVDC converter station[J]. Power System Technology,2012,36(2):17-22.
[6]王志峰,孔志武,肖超超,等.断路器异常特性曲线分析[J].科技创新与应用,2012(8):81.WANG Zhifeng, KONG Zhiwu, XIAO Chaochao, et al.Analysis of abnormal characteristics of circuit breaker[J].Technology Innovation and Application,2012(8):81.
[7]林莘,王飞鸣,刘卫东,等.高压SF_6断路器关合预击穿特性计算与试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1445-1453.LIN Xin; WANG Feiming; LIU Weidong,et al. Research on calculations and experiments of closing pre-strike characteristics in high voltage SF6 circuit breakers[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(5):1445-1453.
[8]舒胜文,刘畅.选相抑制1 000 kV线路合闸过电压的仿真研究[J].电气技术,2016(1):27-32.SHU Shengwen, LIU Chang. Simulation research on limit of closing overvoltages by phase-controlled technology in1 000 kV transmission lines[J]. Electrical Engineering,2016(1):27-32.
[9]张照辉,魏钢,杨庆,等.12kV真空断路器投切并联电抗器合闸预击穿过电压的研究[J].高压电器,2016,52(3):1-6.ZHANG Zhaohui, WEI Gang, YANG Qing,et al. Study of prestrike overvoltage caused by 12 kV vacuum circuit breaker switching shunt reactors[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(3):1-6.
[10]安韵竹,文习山,张婷婷,等.SF_6断路器预击穿引起并联电抗器合闸过电压的原因及防护措施[J].高电压技术,2013,39(1):75-80.AN Yunzhu, WEN Xishan, ZHANG Tingting, et al. Over-voltage of shunt reactor caused by prebreakdown of SF_6breaker and protection measures[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(1):75-80.
[11]陈维贤.电网内部过电压原理和抑制一陈维贤文集[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2012.CHEN Weixian. Principle and suppression of Internal overvoltage in power system-CHEN Weixian corpus[M]. Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,2012.
[12]李云阁,尚勇,施荣,等.750kVGIS中VETO现场实测波形分析[J].电网与清洁能源,2011,27(11):25-29.LI Yunge, SHANG Yong, SHI Rong, et al. Analysis of VFTO waveforms on-site measured on 750 kV GIS[J]. Power System and Clean Energy,2011,27(11):25-29.
[13]谷定燮,修木洪,戴敏,等.1 000kVGIS变电所VFTO特性研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(11):27-32.GU Dingxie,XIU Muhong,DAI Min,et al. Study on VFTO of 1 000 kV GIS substation[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(11):27-32.
[14]卢斌先,赵楠,郑夏阳.气体绝缘变电站空载母线残余电荷释放电压响应[J].高电压技术,2013,39(3):534-540.LU Binxian, ZHAO Nan, ZHENG Xiayang. Voltage response of trapped charge release of no-load bus in gas insulated substation[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(3):534-540.
[15]邵冲,杨钰,刘卫东,等.断路器结构参数对GIS中特快速暂态过电压波形的影响[J].高电压技术,2011,37(3):577-584.SHAG Chong, YANG Yu, LIU Weidong, et al. Effect of breaker structural parameters on very fast-fronted transient overvoltage waveform in GIS[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(3):577-584.
[16]朱跃,周越,颜湘莲,等.750 kVGIS电站VFTO波形特征参量的提取及统计分析[J].高压电器,2016,52(4):75-79.ZHU Yue, ZHOU Yue, YAN Xianglian, et al. Extraction and statistical analysis of characteristic parameters of very fast transient overvoltage in 750 kV gas insulated substation[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(4):75-79.
[17]高压交流断路器:GB 1984-2003[S].2003.High-voltage alternating-current circuit-breakers:GB 1984-2003[S].2003.
[18]岳功昌,刘卫东,陈维江,等.气体绝缘开关设备中特快速瞬态过电压的全过程测量方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(31):18-27.YUE Gongchang, LIU Weidong, CHEN WEIjiang, et al.Measurement methods of very fast transient overcoltage in gas insulated switchgear with complete process[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(31):18-27.
[19]陈维江,颜湘莲,王绍武,等.气体绝缘开关设备中特快速瞬态过电压研究的新进展[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(31):1-11.CHEN Weijiang, YAN Xianglian, WANG Shaowu, et al.Recent progress in investigations on very fast transient overvoltage in gas insulated switchgear[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(31):1-11.
[20]阮全荣,施围.GIS隔离开关带分合闸电阻抑制VFTO的研究[J].高电压技术,2005,31(12):6-8.RUAN Quanrong, SHI Wei. Suppression of VFTO by disconnector with opening and closing resistor in GIS[J].High Voltage Engineering,2005,31(12):6-8.
[2]施围,郭洁.电力系统过电压计算[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.SHI Wei,GUO Jie. Overvoltage calculation in power system[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[3]绝缘配合第2部分:使用导则:GB/T 311.2-2013[S].2013.Insulation coordination Part 2:Application guide:GB/T311.2-2013[S].2013.
[4]范兴明,邹积岩,陈跃,等.高压断路器合成关合试验要求及其关合性能的研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(10):81-85.FAN Xingming,ZOU Jiyan, CHEN Yue, et al. Research on requirements for synthetic making test and making capability of high-voltage circuit-breaker[J]. Power System Technology,2006,30(10):81-85.
[5]陈向宜,甄威,刘明忠.特高压直流换流站选相合闸控制装置现场调试技术[J].电网技术,2012,36(2):17-22.CHEN Xiangyi,ZHEN Wei, LIU Mingzhong. On-site commissioning technology for phase-selection switching on control of UHVDC converter station[J]. Power System Technology,2012,36(2):17-22.
[6]王志峰,孔志武,肖超超,等.断路器异常特性曲线分析[J].科技创新与应用,2012(8):81.WANG Zhifeng, KONG Zhiwu, XIAO Chaochao, et al.Analysis of abnormal characteristics of circuit breaker[J].Technology Innovation and Application,2012(8):81.
[7]林莘,王飞鸣,刘卫东,等.高压SF_6断路器关合预击穿特性计算与试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1445-1453.LIN Xin; WANG Feiming; LIU Weidong,et al. Research on calculations and experiments of closing pre-strike characteristics in high voltage SF6 circuit breakers[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(5):1445-1453.
[8]舒胜文,刘畅.选相抑制1 000 kV线路合闸过电压的仿真研究[J].电气技术,2016(1):27-32.SHU Shengwen, LIU Chang. Simulation research on limit of closing overvoltages by phase-controlled technology in1 000 kV transmission lines[J]. Electrical Engineering,2016(1):27-32.
[9]张照辉,魏钢,杨庆,等.12kV真空断路器投切并联电抗器合闸预击穿过电压的研究[J].高压电器,2016,52(3):1-6.ZHANG Zhaohui, WEI Gang, YANG Qing,et al. Study of prestrike overvoltage caused by 12 kV vacuum circuit breaker switching shunt reactors[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(3):1-6.
[10]安韵竹,文习山,张婷婷,等.SF_6断路器预击穿引起并联电抗器合闸过电压的原因及防护措施[J].高电压技术,2013,39(1):75-80.AN Yunzhu, WEN Xishan, ZHANG Tingting, et al. Over-voltage of shunt reactor caused by prebreakdown of SF_6breaker and protection measures[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(1):75-80.
[11]陈维贤.电网内部过电压原理和抑制一陈维贤文集[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2012.CHEN Weixian. Principle and suppression of Internal overvoltage in power system-CHEN Weixian corpus[M]. Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,2012.
[12]李云阁,尚勇,施荣,等.750kVGIS中VETO现场实测波形分析[J].电网与清洁能源,2011,27(11):25-29.LI Yunge, SHANG Yong, SHI Rong, et al. Analysis of VFTO waveforms on-site measured on 750 kV GIS[J]. Power System and Clean Energy,2011,27(11):25-29.
[13]谷定燮,修木洪,戴敏,等.1 000kVGIS变电所VFTO特性研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(11):27-32.GU Dingxie,XIU Muhong,DAI Min,et al. Study on VFTO of 1 000 kV GIS substation[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(11):27-32.
[14]卢斌先,赵楠,郑夏阳.气体绝缘变电站空载母线残余电荷释放电压响应[J].高电压技术,2013,39(3):534-540.LU Binxian, ZHAO Nan, ZHENG Xiayang. Voltage response of trapped charge release of no-load bus in gas insulated substation[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(3):534-540.
[15]邵冲,杨钰,刘卫东,等.断路器结构参数对GIS中特快速暂态过电压波形的影响[J].高电压技术,2011,37(3):577-584.SHAG Chong, YANG Yu, LIU Weidong, et al. Effect of breaker structural parameters on very fast-fronted transient overvoltage waveform in GIS[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(3):577-584.
[16]朱跃,周越,颜湘莲,等.750 kVGIS电站VFTO波形特征参量的提取及统计分析[J].高压电器,2016,52(4):75-79.ZHU Yue, ZHOU Yue, YAN Xianglian, et al. Extraction and statistical analysis of characteristic parameters of very fast transient overvoltage in 750 kV gas insulated substation[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(4):75-79.
[17]高压交流断路器:GB 1984-2003[S].2003.High-voltage alternating-current circuit-breakers:GB 1984-2003[S].2003.
[18]岳功昌,刘卫东,陈维江,等.气体绝缘开关设备中特快速瞬态过电压的全过程测量方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(31):18-27.YUE Gongchang, LIU Weidong, CHEN WEIjiang, et al.Measurement methods of very fast transient overcoltage in gas insulated switchgear with complete process[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(31):18-27.
[19]陈维江,颜湘莲,王绍武,等.气体绝缘开关设备中特快速瞬态过电压研究的新进展[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(31):1-11.CHEN Weijiang, YAN Xianglian, WANG Shaowu, et al.Recent progress in investigations on very fast transient overvoltage in gas insulated switchgear[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(31):1-11.
[20]阮全荣,施围.GIS隔离开关带分合闸电阻抑制VFTO的研究[J].高电压技术,2005,31(12):6-8.RUAN Quanrong, SHI Wei. Suppression of VFTO by disconnector with opening and closing resistor in GIS[J].High Voltage Engineering,2005,31(12):6-8.