火山活动对南羌塘盆地曲色组烃源岩地球化学特征影响探讨
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摘要
西藏羌塘盆地为我国陆上油气资源潜力巨大的一个中生代海相残留盆地,火山喷发频繁,尤以中生代为甚。曲色组烃源岩为一套海相的沉积岩系,岩性为油页岩、页岩及灰岩。样品取自南羌塘盆地毕洛错附近与火山岩互层的曲色组烃源岩。该套烃源岩与其周围的玄武岩为同期的不同产物,烃源岩是在早侏罗世形成的,火山岩也是早侏罗世形成的。利用TOC、热解、抽提、GC、GC-MS等地球化学分析技术,对该套烃源岩生烃潜力进行了初步评价,并讨论了该套烃源岩的沉积环境、母源特征及火山活动对烃源岩的影响。分析显示:该套烃源岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主,有机质热演化阶段处于成熟阶段;该套烃源岩沉积于强还原—弱还原水体环境,母质来源具有水生生物的输入特征,表现出火山岩浆活动对烃源岩的烘烤作用不明显;综合评价认为这套烃源岩具有较好的生烃潜力。
The Qiangtang Basin in Tibet is a Mesozoic marine residual basin with huge potential for oil and gas resources in China.Volcanic eruption was frequent,especially in the Mesozoic.The source rocks in Quse Formation are deposited in marine environment,which are composed of oil shale,shale and limestone.The source rocks of Quse Formation in the study area near the Bijiang fault in the southern Qiangtang Basin are interbedded with volcanic rock.The source rocks and their surrounding basalts are different products in the same period.The source rocks were formed in the Early Jurassic,and volcanic rocks formed in the Early Jurassic.The hydrocarbon generated potential and biomarker composition of source rocks in Quse Formation are investigated using the conventional geochemical methods to discuss the sedimentary environment,the organic matter source and the influence of the volcanic activity on the source rock.The result shows that the organic matter abundance of source rocks is high,and the organic matter is mainly Type II.The bake effect of volcanic magma activity on the source rock is not obvious,the thermal evolution stage of organic matter is in the mature stage.The source rocks are deposited in reduced environment with the contributions of aquatic organisms.The comprehensive investigation indicates that the source rocks in the study area have good hydrocarbon generating potential.
The Qiangtang Basin in Tibet is a Mesozoic marine residual basin with huge potential for oil and gas resources in China.Volcanic eruption was frequent,especially in the Mesozoic.The source rocks in Quse Formation are deposited in marine environment,which are composed of oil shale,shale and limestone.The source rocks of Quse Formation in the study area near the Bijiang fault in the southern Qiangtang Basin are interbedded with volcanic rock.The source rocks and their surrounding basalts are different products in the same period.The source rocks were formed in the Early Jurassic,and volcanic rocks formed in the Early Jurassic.The hydrocarbon generated potential and biomarker composition of source rocks in Quse Formation are investigated using the conventional geochemical methods to discuss the sedimentary environment,the organic matter source and the influence of the volcanic activity on the source rock.The result shows that the organic matter abundance of source rocks is high,and the organic matter is mainly Type II.The bake effect of volcanic magma activity on the source rock is not obvious,the thermal evolution stage of organic matter is in the mature stage.The source rocks are deposited in reduced environment with the contributions of aquatic organisms.The comprehensive investigation indicates that the source rocks in the study area have good hydrocarbon generating potential.
引文
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[2]Liu Zengqian,Yu Xijing,Xu Xian,et al.The basic geological characteristics of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau[J].China Academy of Geological Sciences,1980,2(1):23-47.刘增乾,余希静,徐宪,等.青藏高原地质基本特征[J].中国地质科学院院报,1980,2(1):23-47.
[3]Wu Gongjian,Xiao Xuchang,Li Tingdong.The Yadong Golmudgeoscience section on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1989,63(4):285-296.吴功建,肖序常,李廷栋.青藏高原亚东-格尔木地学断面[J].地质学报,1989,63(4):285-296.
[4]Zhang Shengye,Zhang Xianjue.Magnetotelluric sounding in the Qiangtang Basin of Xizang(Tibet)[J].Geoscience:Journal of China University of Geosciences,1996,21(2):198-202.张胜业,张先觉.西藏羌塘盆地大地电磁测深研究[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1996,21(2):198-202.
[5]Ji Changjun.Biomarker Characteristics and Oil-source Correlation Research of the Reservoirs in Southern Qiangtang Depression[D].Chengdu:Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2015:1-140.季长军.南羌塘坳陷油藏带生物标志化合物特征及油源对比研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015:1-140.
[6]Zhao Zhengzhang,Li Yongtie,Ye Hefei,et al.The Tectonic Characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Basin Evolution[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:354-357.赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原大地构造特征及盆地演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:354-357.
[7]Gao Hongmei,Bao Zhidong,Gao Fuhong.Biomarker characteristics of source rocks in Shangkuli Formation of Labudalin Basin,northeastern Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2009,33(3):28-33.高红梅,鲍志东,高福红.内蒙古东北拉布达林盆地上库力组烃源岩生物标志物特征[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(3):28-33.
[8]Qu Xiyu,Liu Li.Discovery of soft asphalt at Shangwuergen of the Labudalin Basin,northeastern Inner Mongolia,China,and its geological significance[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(5):567-573.曲希玉,刘立.内蒙古东北部拉布达林盆地上乌尔根软沥青的发现及其意义[J].地质通报,2007,26(5):567-573.
[9]Liu Shikun,Lv Rongjing.New knowledge of marine Lower Jurassic in Qiangtang area[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,1988,12(2):133-135.刘世坤,吕荣敬.羌塘地区海相下侏罗统新知[J].地层学杂志,1988,12(2):133-135.
[10]Qin Jianzhong.The Source Rocks of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:8-618.秦建中.中国烃源岩[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:8-618.
[11]Chen Rongshu.Petroleum and Natural Gas Geology[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1992.陈荣书.石油与天然气地质学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1992.
[12]Zhang Houfu.New progress in petroleum geology[J].Oil Gas Geology,1992,13(3):351-354.张厚福.石油地质学新进展[J].石油与天然气地质,1992,13(3):351-354.
[13]Lu Shuangfang,Zhang Min.Petroleum Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:55-195.卢双舫,张敏.油气地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:65-77.
[14]Mei Bowen,Liu Xijiang.The distribution of isoprenoid alkanes in China’s crude oil and its relation with the hegeologic environment[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1980,1(2):99-115.梅博文,刘希江.我国原油中异戊间二烯烃的分布及其地质环境的关系[J].石油与天然气地质,1980,1(2):99-115.
[15]Yi Haishen,Lin Jinhui,Wang Chengshan,et al.Biomarkers and carbon isotopic anomaly from the Miocene lacustrine oil shales in Hoh Xil Basin of northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2002,29(5):473-480.伊海生,林金辉,王成善,等.藏北可可西里地区中新世湖相油页岩的生物分子标识及碳同位素异常[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(5):473-480.
[16]Fu Jiamo,Sheng Guoying,Xu Jiayou,et al.Application of biomarker compounds in assessment of paleoenvironments of Chinese Terrestrial sediments[J].Geochimica,1991(1):1-12.傅家谟,盛国英,许家友,等.应用生物标志化合物参数判识古沉积环境[J].地球化学,1991(1):1-12.
[17]Powell T,Mckirdy D M.Relationship between ratio of pristane tophytane,crude oil composition and geological environments in Australia[J].Nature,1973,243(12):37-39.
[18]Chen Wenbin,Liao Zhongli,Liu Jianqing,et al.Geochemistry of the Jurassic source rocks in the south Qiangtang Basin,Tibet[J].Geoscience,2009,24(4):654-661.陈文彬,廖忠礼,刘建清,等.西藏南羌塘盆地侏罗系烃源岩地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2010,24(4):654-661.
[19]Zeng Fangang,Cheng Keming.Geochemical characteristics of saturated hydrocarbon biomarkers from Lower Paleozoic marine carbonate rocks in north China[J].Geology Geochemistry,1998,26(3):25-32.曾凡刚,程克明.华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩饱和烃生物标志物地球化学特征[J].地质地球化学,1998,26(3):25-32.
[20]Han Zongyuan,Miao Jianyu,Bu Zhanqi.The comparative study on organic geochemical characters of the Mesozoic source rocks in T3yand J2y of Zhenyuan in Ordos Basin[J].Geoscience,2007,21(3):532-537.韩宗元,苗建宇,布占琦.鄂尔多斯盆地镇原地区中生界延长组、延安组烃源岩地球化学特征对比分析[J].现代地质,2007,21(3):532-537.
[21]Chen Wenbin,Fu Xiugen,Tan Fuwen,et al.Geochemical characteristics of biomarkers of the Upper Triassic source rocks from Tumengela Formation in Qiangtang Basin of Tibet[J].Geoscience,2014,28(1):216-223.陈文彬,付修根,谭富文,等.羌塘盆地上三叠统土门格拉组烃源岩生物标志化合物地球化学特征[J].现代地质,2014,28(1):216-223.
[22]Peters K E,Walters C C.Moldowan J M.The Biomarker Guide Volume 2:Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Exploration and Earth History[M].UK:Cambridge University Press,2005.
[23]Zhai Shende,Ren Yongjun,Zha Ming.Biomarkers from Cretaceous source rocks in Jiaolai Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2003,24(5):393-395.翟慎德,任拥军,查明.胶莱盆地白垩系烃源岩生物标志物[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(5):392-395.
[24]Chen Wenbin,Liao Zhongli,Fu Xiugen,et al.Biomarker characteristics and significance of hydrocarbon source rocks in Buqu Formation of the north Qiangtang Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(5):808-814.陈文彬,廖忠礼,付修根,等.北羌塘盆地布曲组烃源岩生物标志物特征及意义[J].沉积学报,2007,25(5):808-814.
[25]Peters K E,Moldowan J M.The Biomarker Guide:Interpreting Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments[M].Jiang Naihuang,Zhang Shuichang,Lin Yonghan,et al,Translated.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995:178-187.彼得斯K E,莫尔多万J M.生物标志化合物指南:古代沉积物和石油中分子化石的解释[M].姜乃煌,张水昌,林永汉,等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1995:178-187.
[26]Guo Xiaowen,He Sheng.Characteristics of source rocks of Enping Formation in Panyu Lower Uplift-Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(1):31-33.郭小文,何生.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起-白云凹陷恩平组烃源岩特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(1):31-33.
[27]Ren Yongjun,Ji Youliang,Li Ruixue.Geochemical characteristics and significance of steranes and terpanes in the Carboniferous potential source rocks of the South Qilian Basin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,2000,22(4):341-345.任拥军,纪友亮,李瑞雪.南祁连盆地石炭系可能烃源岩的甾萜烷地球化学特征及意义[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(4):341-345.
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