基于使用可靠性的产品区域保修差别定价策略系统动力学模型
|
摘要
本文在系统分析保修策略与企业经营绩效相关影响因素的基础上,提出了一种基于使用可靠性的产品区域保修差别定价策略.首先构建了反映使用可靠性与区域之间定量关系的数学模型,并由此建立了综合考虑使用可靠性区域差异、固有可靠性增长和保修期的三维差别定价系统动力学模型,最后将该模型应用于某空调企业的保修策略仿真,验证了所提模型的适用性和有效性.研究发现:适当增加保修期长度,能够有效提升品牌影响力;适度降低使用可靠性较高区域的产品价格和提高使用可靠性较低区域的产品价格是增加企业利润的有效途径.
Based on the systematic analysis of the factors which influence the warranty strategy and the business performance, a new regional warranty differential pricing strategy on the basis of operational reliability was proposed. A mathematical model reflecting the quantitative relationship between operational reliability and different geographical regions was established in this study. And then a novel three-dimensional differential pricing system dynamics model that considers the regional differences of operational reliability, inherent reliability growth and warranty period was developed. Finally, the simulation analysis for warranty strategy of an air-conditioning enterprise is presented to verify the applicability and validity of the proposed model. The results show that, it would likely contribute to brand influence increase when the warranty period is extended appropriately to a certain threshold. Moreover, a moderate decline in the price of products with higher operational reliability and increase the price of products with lower operational reliability are effective ways to increase profits.
Based on the systematic analysis of the factors which influence the warranty strategy and the business performance, a new regional warranty differential pricing strategy on the basis of operational reliability was proposed. A mathematical model reflecting the quantitative relationship between operational reliability and different geographical regions was established in this study. And then a novel three-dimensional differential pricing system dynamics model that considers the regional differences of operational reliability, inherent reliability growth and warranty period was developed. Finally, the simulation analysis for warranty strategy of an air-conditioning enterprise is presented to verify the applicability and validity of the proposed model. The results show that, it would likely contribute to brand influence increase when the warranty period is extended appropriately to a certain threshold. Moreover, a moderate decline in the price of products with higher operational reliability and increase the price of products with lower operational reliability are effective ways to increase profits.
引文
[1] Huang H Z, Liu Z J, Murthy D N P. Optimal reliability, warranty and price for new products[J]. IIE Transactions,2007, 39(8):819-827.
[2] Darghouth M N, Ait-Kadi D, Chelbi A. Joint optimization of design, warranty and price for products sold with maintenance service contracts[J]. Reliability Engineering System Safety, 2017, 165:197-208.
[3] Jie L L, Liu W D, Qiu L P, et al. Regional cluster analysis of Mainland China based on factors of the reliability of air conditioning systems[J]. Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2017, 23(4):709-724.
[4]刘卫东,孙政,揭丽琳,等.基于使用可靠性的空调分区保修期设计方法研究[J],南昌大学学报(理科版),2017, 41(1):36-41.Liu W D, Sun Z, Jie L L, et al. Research on design method of air-conditioning partition warranty period based on service reliability[J]. Journal of Nanchang University(Natural Science), 2017, 41(1):36-41.
[5] Murthy D N P, Blischke W R. Warranty and reliability[J]. Handbook of Statistics, 2001, 20:541-583.
[6] Murthy D N P, Djamaludin I. New product warranty:A literature review[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2002, 79(3):231-260
[7] Murthy D N P. Product warranty and reliability[J]. Annals of Operations Research, 2006, 143:133-146.
[8]门峰,刘子先.产品保证成本集成管理模式与方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2009, 15(9):1854-1859.Men F, Liu Z X. Mode and method of product warranty cost integration management[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2009, 15(9):1854-1859.
[9] Murthy D N P, Rausand M, Virtanen S. Investment in new product reliability[J]. Reliability Engineering&System Safety, 2009, 94(10):1593-1600.
[10]全鹏,刘子先,许正权,等.产品保证维修策略研究综述与展望[J].计算机集成制造系统,2017, 23(2):349-361.Tong P, Liu Z X, Xu Z Q, et al. Warranty maintenance strategy review and research prospect[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2017, 23(2):349-361.
[11]贾占强,蔡金燕,梁玉英,等.基于步进加速退化试验的电子产品可靠性评估技术[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010, 30(7):1279-1285.Jia Z Q, Cai J Y, Liang Y Y, et al. Reliability assessment technology for electronic equipment based on step-upstress accelerated degradation testing[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2010, 30(7):1279-1285.
[12]李大伟,张志华.基于备件需求信息的使用可靠性评估[J].系统工程理论与实践,2011, 31(9):1770-1775.Li D W, Zhang Z H. The evaluation of operational reliability based on information of spare part demand[J].Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2011, 31(9):1770-1775.
[13] El-Berry A, Al-Bossly A. Application of computer model to estimate the consistency of air conditioning systems engineering[J]. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2013, 5(2):659-668.
[14]刘卫东,宋浩玮,赵志伟,等.基于聚类分析和时间浓缩的空调可靠性评估[J].工业工程与管理,2013, 18(4):156-160.Liu W D, Song H W, Zhao Z W, et al. Assessment of air-conditioner reliability based on clustering analysis and time compression[J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2013, 18(4):156-160.
[15] Frenkel I, Khvatskin L. On reliability measures assessment for the air conditioning system with rental equipment working in heavy weather conditions:Lz-transform approach[C]//Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Digital Technologies, IEEE Computer Society, 2014:73-77.
[16]刘卫东,刘洋,张芳,等.挂壁式空调系统的可靠度预测与分配模型及其应用研究[J]·工业工程与管理,2016, 21(1):143-149.Liu W D, Liu Y, Zhang F, et al. Study on the reliability prediction and allocation model of G-type air conditioning system and its applications[J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2016, 21(1):143-149.
[17] Murthy D N P. Optimal reliability choice in product design[J]. Engineering Optimization, 1990, 15(4):281-294.
[18] Teng J T, Thompson G L. Optimal strategies for general price-quality decision models of new products with learning production costs[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1996, 93(3):476-489.
[19] Decroix G A. Optimal warranties, reliabilities and prices for durable goods in an oligopoly[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1999, 112(3):554-569.
[20] Wu C,Lin P, Chou C. Determination of price and warranty length for a normal lifetime distributed product[J].International Journal of Production Economics, 2006, 102(1):95-107.
[21]卢震,王丽颖.按比例保修策略下多保修期差别定价研究[J].运筹与管理,2011(6):216-221.Lu Z, Wang L Y. Study on differential pricing decisions for the product with multiple warranty under pro-rata warranty policy[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2011(6):216-221.
[22] Ambad P M, Kulkarni M S. A methodology for design for warranty with focus on reliability and warranty policies[J]. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 2013, 10(1):139-155.
[23]刘子先,门峰.动态竞争环境下的产品保证管理最优控制策略研究[J],管理科学,2009, 22(3):2-8.Liu Z X, Men F. Optimal control strategies for product warranty management in dynamic market[J]. Journal of Management Science, 2009, 22(3):2-8.
[24] Wang X, Liu L W. Optimal reliability, warranty length, price and service quality for repeat purchase products[C]//Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2013:917-927.
[25] Kapur P K, Kumar V,Shrivastava A K. Strategic price, warranty and profit maximization model of a software product using dynamic optimization[J]. International Journal of Reliability Quality&Safety Engineering, 2016,23(1):1650002.
[26] Zhang X, Liang Y, Liu W. Pricing model for the charging of electric vehicles based on system dynamics in Beijing[J]. Energy, 2017, 119:218-234.
[27]巩玲君,张纪海.基于系统动力学的成品油应急调运策略研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2017, 37(9):2256-2267.Gong L J,Zhang J H. System-dynamics-based emergency transportation strategy analysis for oil products[J].Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2017, 37(9):2256-2267.
[28]胡凯,甘筱青.我国生猪价格波动的系统动力学仿真与对策分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010, 30(12):2220-2227.Hu K, Gan X Q. System dynamic simulation for pig price fluctuations in China[J]. Systems Engineering一Theory&Practice, 2010, 30(12):2220-2227.
[29]刘卫东,滕沙沙,揭丽琳,等.基于可靠性增长的产品保修期优化设计系统动力学模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2017,23(12):2630-2639.Liu W D, Teng S S, Jie L L, et al. System dynamics model for warranty optimization based on reliability growth[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2017, 23(12):2630-2639.
[30]揭丽琳,刘卫东,滕沙沙,等.基于动态优选元胞遗传模糊聚类的使用可靠性区域粒度确定方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2018, 24(8):1929-1945.Jie L L, Liu W D, Teng S S, et al. Regional granularity decision method for operational reliability based on dynamic optimal-selection cellular genetic clustering[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2018,24(8):1929-1945.
[31] Murthy D N P,Blischke W R. Strategic warranty management:A life-cycle approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2000, 47(1):40-54.
[32] Anisur R, Gopinath C. Review of long term warranty policies[J]. AsiarPacific Journal of Operational Research,2006, 23(4):453-472.
[33] Manna D K, Pal S, Sinha S. Optimal determination of warranty region for 2D policy:A customers'perspective[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering, 2006, 50(1-2):161-174.
[2] Darghouth M N, Ait-Kadi D, Chelbi A. Joint optimization of design, warranty and price for products sold with maintenance service contracts[J]. Reliability Engineering System Safety, 2017, 165:197-208.
[3] Jie L L, Liu W D, Qiu L P, et al. Regional cluster analysis of Mainland China based on factors of the reliability of air conditioning systems[J]. Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2017, 23(4):709-724.
[4]刘卫东,孙政,揭丽琳,等.基于使用可靠性的空调分区保修期设计方法研究[J],南昌大学学报(理科版),2017, 41(1):36-41.Liu W D, Sun Z, Jie L L, et al. Research on design method of air-conditioning partition warranty period based on service reliability[J]. Journal of Nanchang University(Natural Science), 2017, 41(1):36-41.
[5] Murthy D N P, Blischke W R. Warranty and reliability[J]. Handbook of Statistics, 2001, 20:541-583.
[6] Murthy D N P, Djamaludin I. New product warranty:A literature review[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2002, 79(3):231-260
[7] Murthy D N P. Product warranty and reliability[J]. Annals of Operations Research, 2006, 143:133-146.
[8]门峰,刘子先.产品保证成本集成管理模式与方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2009, 15(9):1854-1859.Men F, Liu Z X. Mode and method of product warranty cost integration management[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2009, 15(9):1854-1859.
[9] Murthy D N P, Rausand M, Virtanen S. Investment in new product reliability[J]. Reliability Engineering&System Safety, 2009, 94(10):1593-1600.
[10]全鹏,刘子先,许正权,等.产品保证维修策略研究综述与展望[J].计算机集成制造系统,2017, 23(2):349-361.Tong P, Liu Z X, Xu Z Q, et al. Warranty maintenance strategy review and research prospect[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2017, 23(2):349-361.
[11]贾占强,蔡金燕,梁玉英,等.基于步进加速退化试验的电子产品可靠性评估技术[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010, 30(7):1279-1285.Jia Z Q, Cai J Y, Liang Y Y, et al. Reliability assessment technology for electronic equipment based on step-upstress accelerated degradation testing[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2010, 30(7):1279-1285.
[12]李大伟,张志华.基于备件需求信息的使用可靠性评估[J].系统工程理论与实践,2011, 31(9):1770-1775.Li D W, Zhang Z H. The evaluation of operational reliability based on information of spare part demand[J].Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2011, 31(9):1770-1775.
[13] El-Berry A, Al-Bossly A. Application of computer model to estimate the consistency of air conditioning systems engineering[J]. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2013, 5(2):659-668.
[14]刘卫东,宋浩玮,赵志伟,等.基于聚类分析和时间浓缩的空调可靠性评估[J].工业工程与管理,2013, 18(4):156-160.Liu W D, Song H W, Zhao Z W, et al. Assessment of air-conditioner reliability based on clustering analysis and time compression[J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2013, 18(4):156-160.
[15] Frenkel I, Khvatskin L. On reliability measures assessment for the air conditioning system with rental equipment working in heavy weather conditions:Lz-transform approach[C]//Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Digital Technologies, IEEE Computer Society, 2014:73-77.
[16]刘卫东,刘洋,张芳,等.挂壁式空调系统的可靠度预测与分配模型及其应用研究[J]·工业工程与管理,2016, 21(1):143-149.Liu W D, Liu Y, Zhang F, et al. Study on the reliability prediction and allocation model of G-type air conditioning system and its applications[J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2016, 21(1):143-149.
[17] Murthy D N P. Optimal reliability choice in product design[J]. Engineering Optimization, 1990, 15(4):281-294.
[18] Teng J T, Thompson G L. Optimal strategies for general price-quality decision models of new products with learning production costs[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1996, 93(3):476-489.
[19] Decroix G A. Optimal warranties, reliabilities and prices for durable goods in an oligopoly[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1999, 112(3):554-569.
[20] Wu C,Lin P, Chou C. Determination of price and warranty length for a normal lifetime distributed product[J].International Journal of Production Economics, 2006, 102(1):95-107.
[21]卢震,王丽颖.按比例保修策略下多保修期差别定价研究[J].运筹与管理,2011(6):216-221.Lu Z, Wang L Y. Study on differential pricing decisions for the product with multiple warranty under pro-rata warranty policy[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2011(6):216-221.
[22] Ambad P M, Kulkarni M S. A methodology for design for warranty with focus on reliability and warranty policies[J]. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 2013, 10(1):139-155.
[23]刘子先,门峰.动态竞争环境下的产品保证管理最优控制策略研究[J],管理科学,2009, 22(3):2-8.Liu Z X, Men F. Optimal control strategies for product warranty management in dynamic market[J]. Journal of Management Science, 2009, 22(3):2-8.
[24] Wang X, Liu L W. Optimal reliability, warranty length, price and service quality for repeat purchase products[C]//Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2013:917-927.
[25] Kapur P K, Kumar V,Shrivastava A K. Strategic price, warranty and profit maximization model of a software product using dynamic optimization[J]. International Journal of Reliability Quality&Safety Engineering, 2016,23(1):1650002.
[26] Zhang X, Liang Y, Liu W. Pricing model for the charging of electric vehicles based on system dynamics in Beijing[J]. Energy, 2017, 119:218-234.
[27]巩玲君,张纪海.基于系统动力学的成品油应急调运策略研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2017, 37(9):2256-2267.Gong L J,Zhang J H. System-dynamics-based emergency transportation strategy analysis for oil products[J].Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2017, 37(9):2256-2267.
[28]胡凯,甘筱青.我国生猪价格波动的系统动力学仿真与对策分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010, 30(12):2220-2227.Hu K, Gan X Q. System dynamic simulation for pig price fluctuations in China[J]. Systems Engineering一Theory&Practice, 2010, 30(12):2220-2227.
[29]刘卫东,滕沙沙,揭丽琳,等.基于可靠性增长的产品保修期优化设计系统动力学模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2017,23(12):2630-2639.Liu W D, Teng S S, Jie L L, et al. System dynamics model for warranty optimization based on reliability growth[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2017, 23(12):2630-2639.
[30]揭丽琳,刘卫东,滕沙沙,等.基于动态优选元胞遗传模糊聚类的使用可靠性区域粒度确定方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2018, 24(8):1929-1945.Jie L L, Liu W D, Teng S S, et al. Regional granularity decision method for operational reliability based on dynamic optimal-selection cellular genetic clustering[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2018,24(8):1929-1945.
[31] Murthy D N P,Blischke W R. Strategic warranty management:A life-cycle approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2000, 47(1):40-54.
[32] Anisur R, Gopinath C. Review of long term warranty policies[J]. AsiarPacific Journal of Operational Research,2006, 23(4):453-472.
[33] Manna D K, Pal S, Sinha S. Optimal determination of warranty region for 2D policy:A customers'perspective[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering, 2006, 50(1-2):161-174.