民用燃煤污染控制技术及对策
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摘要
我国煤炭资源丰富,作为煤炭生产和消费的第一大国,而民用燃煤的燃烧利用近年来得到了更好的关注。民用燃煤来源广、数量多、分布广,燃烧时存在低空排放、直燃直排、燃烧效率低、未安装末端处理设施等问题,导致民用煤燃烧排放到空气中的污染物贡献值很大。在文献调研中发现,民用燃煤的控制技术有前端控制、燃烧过程控制、末端控制和其他方法控制等。选取了不同的煤型进行了煤质分析和排放因子的检测,并对多类节能环保型燃煤炉具、适用煤种、适用区域、性能指标等开展调研测试工作,并比较了其他处理措施的经济、环境因素,为对策的提出提供了有力的证据。
China's coal resources are abundant, and as the world's largest country in coal production and consumption, it makes outstanding combustion and utilization of civil coal. The civil coal has wide range of sources, large quantity, and wide distribution, and there are problems such as low-level emission, direct combustion and direct emission, low combustion efficiency, and lack of installation of end processing facilities, thus resulting in a large contribution of pollutants emitted by the combustion of civil coal into the air. In the literature investigation, it was found that the control technologies for civil coal combustion included front-end control, process control, end control, etc. We have selected different types of coals for coal quality analysis and emission factor testing, and conducted investigations and tests on various types of energy-saving and environment-friendly coal-fired stoves, applicable coal types, applicable areas, and performance indicators, etc., and compared the economic and environmental factors of all treatment technologies, providing strong evidence for the proposal of the strategies.
China's coal resources are abundant, and as the world's largest country in coal production and consumption, it makes outstanding combustion and utilization of civil coal. The civil coal has wide range of sources, large quantity, and wide distribution, and there are problems such as low-level emission, direct combustion and direct emission, low combustion efficiency, and lack of installation of end processing facilities, thus resulting in a large contribution of pollutants emitted by the combustion of civil coal into the air. In the literature investigation, it was found that the control technologies for civil coal combustion included front-end control, process control, end control, etc. We have selected different types of coals for coal quality analysis and emission factor testing, and conducted investigations and tests on various types of energy-saving and environment-friendly coal-fired stoves, applicable coal types, applicable areas, and performance indicators, etc., and compared the economic and environmental factors of all treatment technologies, providing strong evidence for the proposal of the strategies.
引文
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[25] 赵存良.一种燃烧烟囱消除二氧化碳及PM2.5的装置:CN201620298292.6[P].2016-09-14.
[26] 王祥亮.一种脱硫脱硝清洁炉具:CN 204806458 U[P].
[27] Patricia Córdoba. Status of flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) systems from coal-fired power plants: overview of the physic-chemical control processes of wet limestone FGDs[J]. Fuel,2015,144:274-286.
[28] Liang Z X, Zhang L,Yang Z Q,et al. Evaporation and crystallization of a droplet of desulfurization wastewater from a coalfired power plant[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,119:52-62.
[29] Corvalan R M,Galecio J I,Salim J A. Effectiveness in the use of natural gas for the reduction of atmospheric emissions:case study-industrial sector in the metropolitan region of Santiago,Chile[J]Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2003,53(8):971-975.
[30] 李霞,郭宇宏,卢新玉,等.乌鲁木齐市大气污染治理成效的综合评估分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):307-313.
[31] Kadian R,Dahiva R P,Garg H P.Energy-related emissions and mitigation opportunities from the household sector in Delhi[J].Energy Policy,2007,35(12):6195-6211.
[32] Kazanc F,Khatami R,Crnkovic P M,et al.Emissions of NOx and SO2 from coals of various ranks,bagasse,and coal-bagasse blends burning in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 environments[J].Energy Fuels,2011,25(7):2850-2861.
[33] 杨茜.空气源热泵—散热器低温供暖系统在农村的适用性研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2017.
[34] 徐钢,王春兰,许诚,等.京津冀地区散烧煤与电采暖大气污染物排放评估[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(12):1735-1742.
[35] 倪菲菲.河北省推进合同能源管理之供暖节能管理的研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2018.
[36] 刘华兵.大型公共建筑节能改造激励政策研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[37] 张绍强.实施散煤清洁燃烧、分类治理,才是缓解我国“气荒”的根本途径[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2018(1):1-4.
[2] 易爱华,丁峰,胡翠娟,等.我国燃煤大气污染控制历程及影响分析[J].生态经济,2014,30(8): 173-176.
[3] Huo M.China scattered coal consumption map and influence factors[J]. China Power, 2017(1):1-8.
[4] 颜丙磊,唐夕媛,吕佳霖, 等.我国民用煤现状及污染物排放分析[J].煤炭加工与综合利用, 2017(1):1-3.
[5] Weingartner E,Burtscher H,Baltensperger U.Hygroscopic properties of carbon and diesel soot particles [J].Atmospheric Environment,1997,31(15): 2311-2327.
[6] 周荣美,应方,焦荔,等.萧山区环境空气质量变化及其影响因素分析[J].环境污染与防治,2012,34(8):44-48,52.
[7] Cao G,Zhang X,Zheng F.Inventory of black carbon and organic carbon emissions from China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(34): 6516-6527.
[8] 史国良,陈刚,田瑛泽,等.天津大气PM2.5中碳组分特征和来源分析[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(1):1-7.
[9] Li Q.Optimization and reconstruction technology of SCR flue gas denitrification ultra low emission in coal fired power plant[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2017,231: 12111.
[10] Smit F,Moro N,Shield G.Reduction of toxic elements in coal by advanced coal leaning[C]//13th annual international Pittsburg coal conference. Pittsburg, PA, 1996: 879-884.
[11] 顾玉超,于汶加,马晓磊.国内外煤炭洗选现状及政策对比研究[J].选煤技术, 2012(4):110-112.
[12] Xia W.Enhancement in ?oatability of sub-bituminous coal by low-temperature pyrolysis and its potential application in coal cleaning[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017,168: 1032-1038.
[13] Saini M K, Srivastava P K.Effect of coal cleaning on ash composition and its fusion characteristics for a high-ash non-coking coal of india[J].International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2017, 37(1): 1-11.
[14] 麦方代,王东升,刘明锐,等.京津冀地区洁净型煤使用现状及建议[J].环境保护,2016,44(6):25-27.
[15] 梁云平,张大伟,林安国,等.北京市民用燃煤烟气中气态污染物排放特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(5):1775.
[16] 李庆,段雷,蒋靖坤,等.我国民用燃煤一次颗粒物的减排潜力研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(16):4408-4412.
[17] 韩海忠,杨凤玲,孔卉茹,等.生物质型煤与褐煤的生命周期评价对比研究[J].洁净煤技,2016,22(2):89-95,101.
[18] Liu K, Gao Y, Riley J, et al. An investigation of mercury emission from FBC systems fired with high-chlorine coals[J]. Energy Fuels, 2001, 15 (5): 1173-1180.
[19] 杜文广.降低民用焦炭着火温度的磁铁矿复合添加剂及制法和应用[P].CN 105733728 A.2016.7.6.
[20] Carter E M ,Shan M,Yang X,et al.Pollutant emissions and energy efficiency of Chinese gasifier cooking stoves and implication for future intervention studies[J]. Environmental Science &Technology,2014,48(11):6461-6467.
[21] Li Q,Jiang J,Qi J,et al.Improving the energy efficiency of stoves to reduce pollutant emissions from household solid fuel combustion in China[J].Environmental Science & Technology Letters,2016(3):369-374.
[22] 梁斌.民用散煤污染治理(Ⅰ)不同炉具燃烧特性的对比试验研究[J].洁净煤技术,2017(4):89-96.
[23] Ibrahimoglu B, Cucen A, Yilmazoglu M Z. Numerical modeling of a downdraft plasma gasification reactor[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016.
[24] 陈朋.钙基吸收剂脱除燃煤烟气中SO3的研究[D]. 济南:山东大学,2011.
[25] 赵存良.一种燃烧烟囱消除二氧化碳及PM2.5的装置:CN201620298292.6[P].2016-09-14.
[26] 王祥亮.一种脱硫脱硝清洁炉具:CN 204806458 U[P].
[27] Patricia Córdoba. Status of flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) systems from coal-fired power plants: overview of the physic-chemical control processes of wet limestone FGDs[J]. Fuel,2015,144:274-286.
[28] Liang Z X, Zhang L,Yang Z Q,et al. Evaporation and crystallization of a droplet of desulfurization wastewater from a coalfired power plant[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,119:52-62.
[29] Corvalan R M,Galecio J I,Salim J A. Effectiveness in the use of natural gas for the reduction of atmospheric emissions:case study-industrial sector in the metropolitan region of Santiago,Chile[J]Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2003,53(8):971-975.
[30] 李霞,郭宇宏,卢新玉,等.乌鲁木齐市大气污染治理成效的综合评估分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):307-313.
[31] Kadian R,Dahiva R P,Garg H P.Energy-related emissions and mitigation opportunities from the household sector in Delhi[J].Energy Policy,2007,35(12):6195-6211.
[32] Kazanc F,Khatami R,Crnkovic P M,et al.Emissions of NOx and SO2 from coals of various ranks,bagasse,and coal-bagasse blends burning in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 environments[J].Energy Fuels,2011,25(7):2850-2861.
[33] 杨茜.空气源热泵—散热器低温供暖系统在农村的适用性研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2017.
[34] 徐钢,王春兰,许诚,等.京津冀地区散烧煤与电采暖大气污染物排放评估[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(12):1735-1742.
[35] 倪菲菲.河北省推进合同能源管理之供暖节能管理的研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2018.
[36] 刘华兵.大型公共建筑节能改造激励政策研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[37] 张绍强.实施散煤清洁燃烧、分类治理,才是缓解我国“气荒”的根本途径[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2018(1):1-4.