孢子丝菌病原学的研究进展
|
摘要
孢子丝菌病是一种世界性的慢性肉芽肿性真菌病,为人兽共患病,主要由孢子丝菌复合体感染而致病,可引起皮肤、黏膜及淋巴管的炎症。其传染源、传播方式和分布模式因致病菌种的不同而不同。其中,球形孢子丝菌主要引起固定型皮肤病变;巴西孢子丝菌毒性强,是与猫传播的孢子丝菌病最相关的物种。近年来动物感染的病例报道日渐增多,巴西地区也因出现暴发事件而备受国际关注。因此了解病原体的生物学特征以及致病菌种的流行病学特点对于疾病的诊治及预后至关重要。
Sporotrichosis is a worldwide chronic granulomatous fungal disease that is zoonotic. It is mainly caused by infection by the sporozoite complex, which can cause chronic infectious inflammation of the skin, mucous membranes and lymphatic vessels. The source of infection, mode of transmission and distribution pattern vary depending on the pathogen. Among them, Sporothrix globosa mainly causes fixed cutaneous lesions. S. brasiliensis has highly toxic and is the most prevalent species related to cat transmitted sporotrichosis. In recent years, case reports of animal infections are increasing, and outbreaks in Brazil have also received international attention.Therefore, understanding the biological characteristics of pathogens and the epidemiological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria are crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Sporotrichosis is a worldwide chronic granulomatous fungal disease that is zoonotic. It is mainly caused by infection by the sporozoite complex, which can cause chronic infectious inflammation of the skin, mucous membranes and lymphatic vessels. The source of infection, mode of transmission and distribution pattern vary depending on the pathogen. Among them, Sporothrix globosa mainly causes fixed cutaneous lesions. S. brasiliensis has highly toxic and is the most prevalent species related to cat transmitted sporotrichosis. In recent years, case reports of animal infections are increasing, and outbreaks in Brazil have also received international attention.Therefore, understanding the biological characteristics of pathogens and the epidemiological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria are crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
引文
1.BonifazA,Tirado-SánchezA.Cutaneousdisseminatedand extracutaneous sporotrichosis:current status of a complex disease[J]. J Fungi(Basel), 2017, 3(1):E6.
2 .Lopes-Bezerra LM, Mora-Montes HM, Zhang Y, et al. Sporotrichosis between 1898 and 2017:the evolution of knowledge on a changeable diseaseandonemergingetiologicalagents[J].MedMycol,2018,56 (Suppl 1):126-143.
3 .de Souza EW, Borba CM, Pereira SA, et al. Clinical features, fungal load,coinfections,histologicalskinchanges,anditraconazole treatment response of cats with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):9074.
4 .Martínez-álvarezJA,Pérez-GarcíaLA,Mellado-MojicaE,etal.SporothrixschenckiisensustrictoandSporothrixbrasiliensisare differentially recognized by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells[J]. Front Microbiol, 2017, 8:843.
5 .ChakrabartiA,BonifazA,Gutierrez-GalhardoMC,etal.Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis[J]. Med Mycol, 2015, 53(1):3-14.
6 .Ramírez-SotoMC,Aguilar-AncoriEG,Tirado-SánchezA,etal.Ecological determinants of sporotrichosis etiological agents[J]. J Fungi(Basel), 2018, 4(3):E95.
7 .Boechat JS, Oliveira MME, Almeida-Paes R, et al. Feline sporotrichosis:associations between clinical-epidemiological profiles and phenotypicgenotypic characteristics of the etiological agents in the Rio de Janeiro epizootic area[J]. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 2018, 113(3):185-196.
8 .RodriguesAM,CruzChoappaR,FernandesGF,etal.Sporothrix chilensis sp. nov.(Ascomycota:Ophiostomatales), a soil-borne agent of human sporotrichosis with mild-pathogenic potential to mammals[J].Fungal Biol, 2016, 120(2):246-264.
9 .MorrisonAS,LockhartSR,BromleyJG,etal.Anenvironmental Sporothrixasacauseofcornealulcer[J].MedMycolCaseRep,2013, 2:88-90.
10 .de Beer ZW, Duong TA, Wingfield MJ. The divorce of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma:solution to a problematic relationship[J]. Stud Mycol,2016, 83:165-191.
11 .R odr ig uesA M,deHoogS,deCamargoZP.Emergenceof pathogenicity in the Sporothrix schenckii complex[J]. Med Mycol,2013, 51(4):405-412.
12 .FischmanGompertzO,RodriguesAM,FernandesGF,etal.Atypical clinical presentation of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosaresistanttoitraconazole[J].AmJTropMedHyg,2016,94(6):1218-1222.
13 .Barbaryan A, El Atrouni W, Bailuc S, et al. Isolated sporothrix schenckii monoarthritis[J]. Case Rep Infect Dis, 2018, 2018:9037657.
14 .Gremi?o ID,Menezes RC,Schubach TM,etal.Fe l i n e sporotrichosis:epidemiological and clinical aspects[J]. Med Mycol,2015, 53(1):15-21.
15 .Pereira SA, Gremi?o ID, Kitada AA, et al. The epidemiological scenario offelinesporotrichosisinRiodeJaneiro,StateofRiodeJaneiro,Brazil[J]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 2014, 47:392-393.
16 .Tei xeiraMM,deAlmeidaLG,Kubitschek-BarreiraP,etal.Comparative genomics of the major fungal agents of human and animal Sporotrichosis:Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis[J].BMC Genomics, 2014, 15:943.
17 .Rodrigues AM, de Hoog GS, de Camargo ZP, et al. Molecular diagnosis of pathogenic Sporothrix species[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2015, 9(12):e0004190.
18 .Freitas DFS, Campos DP, Lyra MR, et al. Sporotrichosis:an emerging neglected opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014, 8:e3110.
19 .Bernardes-EngemannAR,deLimaBarrosM,ZeituneT,etal.Validation of a serodiagnostic test for sporotrichosis:a follow-up study of patients related to the Rio de Janeiro zoonotic outbreak[J]. Med Mycol, 2015, 53(1):28-33.
20 .Gremi?oID,MirandaLH,ReisEG,etal.Zoonoticepidemicof sporotrichosis:cat to human transmission[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2017, 13:e1006077.
21 .Lopes-BezerraLM,Lozoya-PérezNE,López-RamírezLA,etal.FunctionalcharacterizationofSporothrixschenckiiglycosidases involved in the N-linked glycosylation pathway[J]. Med Mycol, 2015,53(1):60-68.
22 .Alba-Fierro CA, Pérez-Torres A, Toriello C, et al. Immune response inducedbyanimmunodominant60 kDaglycoproteinofthecell wall of Sporothrix schenckii in two mice strains with experimental sporotrichosis[J]. J Immunol Res, 2016, 2016:6525831.
23 .Steenbergen JN, Nosanchuk JD, Malliaris SD, et al, 2004. Interaction of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Histoplasma capsulatum with Acanthamoeba castellanii[J]. Infect Immun, 2004,72(6):3478-3488.
24 .Barros MB, de Almeida Paes R, Schubach AO. Sporothrix schenckii and sporotrichosis[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2011, 24(4):633-654.
25 .Madrid H, Cano J, GenéJ, et al. Sporothrix globosa, a pathogenic fungus with widespread geographical distribution[J]. Rev Iberoam Micol, 2009, 26(3):218-222.
26 .Kadry AA, El-Ganiny AM, Mosbah RA, et al. Deletion of Aspergillus nidulans GDP-mannose transporters affects hyphal morphometry, cell wall architecture, spore surface character, cell adhesion, and biofilm formation[J]. Med Mycol, 2018, 56(5):621-630.
27 .Alba-FierroCA,Pérez-TorresA,TorielloC,etal.Molecular components of the Sporothrix schenckii complex that induce immune response[J]. Curr Microbiol, 2016, 73(2):292-300.
28 .PortuondoDL,Batista-DuharteA,FerreiraLS,etal.Acellwall proteinbased vaccine candidate induce protective immune response againstSporothrixschenckiiinfection[J].Immunobiology,2016,221(2):300-309.
29 .RodriguesAM,Kubitschek-BarreiraPH,FernandesGF,etal.Immunoproteomic analysis reveals a convergent humoral response signature in the Sporothrix schenckii complex[J]. J Proteomics, 2015,115:8-22.
30 .García Carnero LC, Lozoya Pérez NE, González Hernández SE, et al.Immunity and treatment of sporotrichosis[J]. J Fungi(Basel), 2018,4 (3):E100.
31 .Concei??o-SilvaF,MorgadoFN.Immunopathogenesisofhuman sporotrichosis:whatwealreadyknow[J].JFungi(Basel),2018,4 (3):E89.
32 .Ikeda MAK, de Almeida JRF, Jannuzzi GP, et al. Extracellular vesicles from Sporothrix brasiliensis are an important virulence factor that induce an increase in fungal burden in experimental sporotrichosis[J].Front Microbiol, 2018, 9:2286.
33 .de Macedo PM, Sztajnbok DC, Camargo ZP, et al. Dacryocystitis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis:a case report of a successful clinical and serological outcome with low-dose potassium iodide treatment and oculoplastic surgery[J]. Br J Dermatol, 2015, 172(4):1116-1119.
34 .deAlmeidaJR,SantiagoKL,KaihamiGH,etal.Theefficacyof humanizedantibodyagainsttheSporothrixantigen,gp70,in promotingphagocytosisandreducingdiseaseburden[J].Front Microbiol, 2017, 8:345.
35 .Portuondo DL, Batista-Duharte A, Ferreira L. Comparative efficacy and toxicity of two vaccine candidates against Sporothrix schenckii using either Montanide?Pet Gel A or aluminum hydroxide adjuvants in mice[J]. Vaccine, 2017, 35(34):4430-4436.
36 .de Almeida JRF, Jannuzzi GP, Kaihami GH, et al. An immunoproteomic approach revealing peptides from Sporothrix brasiliensis that induce a cellular immune response in subcutaneous sporotrichosis[J]. Sci Rep,2018, 8(1):4192.
2 .Lopes-Bezerra LM, Mora-Montes HM, Zhang Y, et al. Sporotrichosis between 1898 and 2017:the evolution of knowledge on a changeable diseaseandonemergingetiologicalagents[J].MedMycol,2018,56 (Suppl 1):126-143.
3 .de Souza EW, Borba CM, Pereira SA, et al. Clinical features, fungal load,coinfections,histologicalskinchanges,anditraconazole treatment response of cats with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1):9074.
4 .Martínez-álvarezJA,Pérez-GarcíaLA,Mellado-MojicaE,etal.SporothrixschenckiisensustrictoandSporothrixbrasiliensisare differentially recognized by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells[J]. Front Microbiol, 2017, 8:843.
5 .ChakrabartiA,BonifazA,Gutierrez-GalhardoMC,etal.Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis[J]. Med Mycol, 2015, 53(1):3-14.
6 .Ramírez-SotoMC,Aguilar-AncoriEG,Tirado-SánchezA,etal.Ecological determinants of sporotrichosis etiological agents[J]. J Fungi(Basel), 2018, 4(3):E95.
7 .Boechat JS, Oliveira MME, Almeida-Paes R, et al. Feline sporotrichosis:associations between clinical-epidemiological profiles and phenotypicgenotypic characteristics of the etiological agents in the Rio de Janeiro epizootic area[J]. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 2018, 113(3):185-196.
8 .RodriguesAM,CruzChoappaR,FernandesGF,etal.Sporothrix chilensis sp. nov.(Ascomycota:Ophiostomatales), a soil-borne agent of human sporotrichosis with mild-pathogenic potential to mammals[J].Fungal Biol, 2016, 120(2):246-264.
9 .MorrisonAS,LockhartSR,BromleyJG,etal.Anenvironmental Sporothrixasacauseofcornealulcer[J].MedMycolCaseRep,2013, 2:88-90.
10 .de Beer ZW, Duong TA, Wingfield MJ. The divorce of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma:solution to a problematic relationship[J]. Stud Mycol,2016, 83:165-191.
11 .R odr ig uesA M,deHoogS,deCamargoZP.Emergenceof pathogenicity in the Sporothrix schenckii complex[J]. Med Mycol,2013, 51(4):405-412.
12 .FischmanGompertzO,RodriguesAM,FernandesGF,etal.Atypical clinical presentation of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosaresistanttoitraconazole[J].AmJTropMedHyg,2016,94(6):1218-1222.
13 .Barbaryan A, El Atrouni W, Bailuc S, et al. Isolated sporothrix schenckii monoarthritis[J]. Case Rep Infect Dis, 2018, 2018:9037657.
14 .Gremi?o ID,Menezes RC,Schubach TM,etal.Fe l i n e sporotrichosis:epidemiological and clinical aspects[J]. Med Mycol,2015, 53(1):15-21.
15 .Pereira SA, Gremi?o ID, Kitada AA, et al. The epidemiological scenario offelinesporotrichosisinRiodeJaneiro,StateofRiodeJaneiro,Brazil[J]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 2014, 47:392-393.
16 .Tei xeiraMM,deAlmeidaLG,Kubitschek-BarreiraP,etal.Comparative genomics of the major fungal agents of human and animal Sporotrichosis:Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis[J].BMC Genomics, 2014, 15:943.
17 .Rodrigues AM, de Hoog GS, de Camargo ZP, et al. Molecular diagnosis of pathogenic Sporothrix species[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2015, 9(12):e0004190.
18 .Freitas DFS, Campos DP, Lyra MR, et al. Sporotrichosis:an emerging neglected opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014, 8:e3110.
19 .Bernardes-EngemannAR,deLimaBarrosM,ZeituneT,etal.Validation of a serodiagnostic test for sporotrichosis:a follow-up study of patients related to the Rio de Janeiro zoonotic outbreak[J]. Med Mycol, 2015, 53(1):28-33.
20 .Gremi?oID,MirandaLH,ReisEG,etal.Zoonoticepidemicof sporotrichosis:cat to human transmission[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2017, 13:e1006077.
21 .Lopes-BezerraLM,Lozoya-PérezNE,López-RamírezLA,etal.FunctionalcharacterizationofSporothrixschenckiiglycosidases involved in the N-linked glycosylation pathway[J]. Med Mycol, 2015,53(1):60-68.
22 .Alba-Fierro CA, Pérez-Torres A, Toriello C, et al. Immune response inducedbyanimmunodominant60 kDaglycoproteinofthecell wall of Sporothrix schenckii in two mice strains with experimental sporotrichosis[J]. J Immunol Res, 2016, 2016:6525831.
23 .Steenbergen JN, Nosanchuk JD, Malliaris SD, et al, 2004. Interaction of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Histoplasma capsulatum with Acanthamoeba castellanii[J]. Infect Immun, 2004,72(6):3478-3488.
24 .Barros MB, de Almeida Paes R, Schubach AO. Sporothrix schenckii and sporotrichosis[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2011, 24(4):633-654.
25 .Madrid H, Cano J, GenéJ, et al. Sporothrix globosa, a pathogenic fungus with widespread geographical distribution[J]. Rev Iberoam Micol, 2009, 26(3):218-222.
26 .Kadry AA, El-Ganiny AM, Mosbah RA, et al. Deletion of Aspergillus nidulans GDP-mannose transporters affects hyphal morphometry, cell wall architecture, spore surface character, cell adhesion, and biofilm formation[J]. Med Mycol, 2018, 56(5):621-630.
27 .Alba-FierroCA,Pérez-TorresA,TorielloC,etal.Molecular components of the Sporothrix schenckii complex that induce immune response[J]. Curr Microbiol, 2016, 73(2):292-300.
28 .PortuondoDL,Batista-DuharteA,FerreiraLS,etal.Acellwall proteinbased vaccine candidate induce protective immune response againstSporothrixschenckiiinfection[J].Immunobiology,2016,221(2):300-309.
29 .RodriguesAM,Kubitschek-BarreiraPH,FernandesGF,etal.Immunoproteomic analysis reveals a convergent humoral response signature in the Sporothrix schenckii complex[J]. J Proteomics, 2015,115:8-22.
30 .García Carnero LC, Lozoya Pérez NE, González Hernández SE, et al.Immunity and treatment of sporotrichosis[J]. J Fungi(Basel), 2018,4 (3):E100.
31 .Concei??o-SilvaF,MorgadoFN.Immunopathogenesisofhuman sporotrichosis:whatwealreadyknow[J].JFungi(Basel),2018,4 (3):E89.
32 .Ikeda MAK, de Almeida JRF, Jannuzzi GP, et al. Extracellular vesicles from Sporothrix brasiliensis are an important virulence factor that induce an increase in fungal burden in experimental sporotrichosis[J].Front Microbiol, 2018, 9:2286.
33 .de Macedo PM, Sztajnbok DC, Camargo ZP, et al. Dacryocystitis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis:a case report of a successful clinical and serological outcome with low-dose potassium iodide treatment and oculoplastic surgery[J]. Br J Dermatol, 2015, 172(4):1116-1119.
34 .deAlmeidaJR,SantiagoKL,KaihamiGH,etal.Theefficacyof humanizedantibodyagainsttheSporothrixantigen,gp70,in promotingphagocytosisandreducingdiseaseburden[J].Front Microbiol, 2017, 8:345.
35 .Portuondo DL, Batista-Duharte A, Ferreira L. Comparative efficacy and toxicity of two vaccine candidates against Sporothrix schenckii using either Montanide?Pet Gel A or aluminum hydroxide adjuvants in mice[J]. Vaccine, 2017, 35(34):4430-4436.
36 .de Almeida JRF, Jannuzzi GP, Kaihami GH, et al. An immunoproteomic approach revealing peptides from Sporothrix brasiliensis that induce a cellular immune response in subcutaneous sporotrichosis[J]. Sci Rep,2018, 8(1):4192.