新疆东戈壁地区高光谱遥感蚀变特征及找矿分析
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摘要
针对新疆东戈壁地区还未开展高光谱遥感方面的相关研究问题,提出利用地面和航空高光谱遥感蚀变异常特征,进行蚀变异常带分析及找矿应用的工作思路,系统剖析蚀变矿物异常特征,圈定蚀变带,野外查证新发现多金属矿化线索,取得较好的找矿应用效果。东戈壁地区周边分布有较多的铁及多金属矿床、矿点,成矿地质条件优越,且属准平原状的丘陵地貌,植被覆盖少,基岩裸露好,围岩蚀变发育,具备开展地面和航空高光谱测量的地质和自然地理条件,可获取高质量的高光谱遥感数据并为找矿勘查服务。文章选择新疆东天山成矿带的东戈壁地区,利用FieldSpec Pro FR地面波谱数据和HyMap航空高光谱遥感数据,解析地面各地质体所反映的蚀变矿物异常特征,系统剖析褐铁矿+赤铁矿、绢云母、绿泥石、角闪石等蚀变矿物的异常分布规律和反映的地质意义,综合区域地质特征和成矿规律,圈定高光谱遥感蚀变带,开展蚀变带的野外查证,新发现赋存于石英岩化(含)铁碧玉岩、变细碧岩、石英脉体中的铁、钼等多金属矿化,结合地质、蚀变矿物特征,初步预测东戈壁地区具有形成火山-沉积-后期热液改造型铁矿床、石英脉型钼矿床的成矿潜力,后期应开展以钼、铁矿为主的资源评价,重点开展石英岩化(含)铁碧玉岩、变细碧岩、石英脉体与褐铁矿+赤铁矿、绢云母、绿泥石、角闪石等蚀变矿物叠加地段的地质找矿。高光谱遥感技术可以快速获取异常信息和精确定位矿化异常信息部位,可发现较好的多金属矿化线索,为东戈壁地区下一阶段地质找矿和资源评价提供依据。
Donggebi area has the geological and natural geographic conditions to carry out surface and aerial hyperspectral surveys,from which high-quality hyperspectral remote sensing data can be obtained to serve prospecting and exploration, because there are many iron and polymetallic deposits and ore spots around the area., the metallogenic geological conditions are favorable and belong to the quasi-plain hilly landform with less vegetation coverage, along with good exposed bedrock and well developed wall rock alteration. Based on FieldSpec Pro FR ground spectrum data and HyMap aerial hyperspectral remote sensing data, Donggebi area of the East Tianshan metallogenic belt in Xinjiang was selected, and delineation of hyperspectral remote sensing alteration zone was carried out through the process that anomaly characteristics of altered minerals reflected by geological bodies on the ground were analyzed, and the abnormal distribution rules and geological significance of altered minerals such as limonite + hematite, sericite, chlorite and amphibole, as well as metallogenic regularity were systematically analyzed. Iron and molybdenum polymetallic mineralization occurring in quartzite(including) jasperite, metaspilite and quartz veins were found in the field verification of alteration zone. Based on the geological and altered mineral characteristics, it is preliminarily predicted that the Donggebi area has the metallogenic potential of forming volcanic-sedimentary-late hydrothermal modified iron deposits and quartz vein type molybdenum deposits. In the late stage, the evaluation of resources mainly consisting of molybdenum and iron ore should be carried out, with the emphasis placed on on the geological prospecting in the superimposed areas of quartzitized jasperite, metaspilite, quartz vein and limonite + hematite, sericite, chlorite, amphibole and other altered minerals. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology can efficiently acquire anomaly information, accurately find the location of mineralization anomaly information, and find better polymetallic mineralization clues, thus providing a basis for geological prospecting and resource evaluation in the next step of exploration in the Donggebi area.
Donggebi area has the geological and natural geographic conditions to carry out surface and aerial hyperspectral surveys,from which high-quality hyperspectral remote sensing data can be obtained to serve prospecting and exploration, because there are many iron and polymetallic deposits and ore spots around the area., the metallogenic geological conditions are favorable and belong to the quasi-plain hilly landform with less vegetation coverage, along with good exposed bedrock and well developed wall rock alteration. Based on FieldSpec Pro FR ground spectrum data and HyMap aerial hyperspectral remote sensing data, Donggebi area of the East Tianshan metallogenic belt in Xinjiang was selected, and delineation of hyperspectral remote sensing alteration zone was carried out through the process that anomaly characteristics of altered minerals reflected by geological bodies on the ground were analyzed, and the abnormal distribution rules and geological significance of altered minerals such as limonite + hematite, sericite, chlorite and amphibole, as well as metallogenic regularity were systematically analyzed. Iron and molybdenum polymetallic mineralization occurring in quartzite(including) jasperite, metaspilite and quartz veins were found in the field verification of alteration zone. Based on the geological and altered mineral characteristics, it is preliminarily predicted that the Donggebi area has the metallogenic potential of forming volcanic-sedimentary-late hydrothermal modified iron deposits and quartz vein type molybdenum deposits. In the late stage, the evaluation of resources mainly consisting of molybdenum and iron ore should be carried out, with the emphasis placed on on the geological prospecting in the superimposed areas of quartzitized jasperite, metaspilite, quartz vein and limonite + hematite, sericite, chlorite, amphibole and other altered minerals. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology can efficiently acquire anomaly information, accurately find the location of mineralization anomaly information, and find better polymetallic mineralization clues, thus providing a basis for geological prospecting and resource evaluation in the next step of exploration in the Donggebi area.
引文
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汪冰,王瑞军,李名松,董双发,牛海威,孙永彬.2014.新疆东戈壁地区成矿有利地质单元地面高光谱蚀变矿物分析及找矿应用[J].矿产勘查,6(5):577-585.
王京彬,王玉往,何志军.2006.东天山大地构造演化的成矿示踪[J].中国地质,33(3):461-469.
王兴保.2005.雅满苏铁矿床地质特征及成因浅析[J].地质找矿论丛,20(增刊):125-128.
夏林圻,夏祖春,徐学义,李向民,马中平.2008.天山及邻区石炭纪-早二叠世裂谷火山岩岩石成因[J].西北地质,41(4):1-68.
Bilotti F,Shaw J H and Brennan P A.2000.Quantitative structural alalysis with stereocopic remote sensing imagery[J].AAPG Bulletin,84(6):727-740.
Clark R N,Swayze G A and Eric K.2003.Imaging spectroscopy:Earth and planetary remote sensing with the USGS tetracorder and expert systems J[J].Geophysical Research,108(E12):5131.
Cooper B L,Salisbury J W,Killen R M and Potter A E.2002.Midinfrared spectral features of rocks and their powers[J].JGR,107(E4):5017.
Crouvi O,Ben E D,Beyth M et al.2006.Quantitative mapping of Arid Alluvial Fan surface using field spectrometer and hyperspectral remote sensing[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,80:103-117.
Gan F P,Wang R S and Yang S M.2002.Research on the alteration mapping using hyperion data[J].Land Resource and Re-mote Sensing,54(4):44-50(in Chinese with English Abstract).
Gan F P,Wang R S and Ma A N.2003.Spectral identification of highspectral remote sensing minerals based on characteristic band[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(2):445-453(in Chinese).
Gan F P and Wang R S.2004.Technology and methods of remote sensing alteration mapping[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-123(in Chinese).
Li H M,Ding J H,Li L X and Yao T.2014.The genesis of the skarn and the genetic type of the yamansu iron deposit,eastern Tianshan,Xinjian[J].Acta Ggologica Sinica,12(12):2477-2489(in Chinese).
Liu D C,Ye F W,Zhao Y J,Tian F and Qiu J T.2015.Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing for gold prospecting around LiuyuanFangshankou area,Gansu Province,China[J].Journal of Geoinformation Science,17(12):1545-1553(in Chinese).
Tu L Q,Ma Y F,Shi S R,Yin J F and Tu J F.2011.Metallogenic characteristics and surrounding rock alteration of Hami East Gobi Molybdenum deposit[J].Xinjiang Geology,29(4):433-436(in Chinese).
Wang B,Wang R J,Li M S,Dong S F,Niu H W and Sun Y B.2014.Analysis of ground hyperspectral alteration minerals in the favorable mineralization unit and prospecting application in the East Gobi region,Xinjiang[J].Mineral Exploration,6(5):577-585(in Chinese).
Wang J B,Wang Y W and He Z J.2006.The metallogenic indication of tectonic evolution of Dongtianshan[J].Geology in China,33(3):461-469(in Chinese).
Wang X B.2005.Geological characteristics and genesis of Yaman-Su iron deposit[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,20(Supp.):125-128(in Chinese).
Xia L Q,Xia Z C,Xu X Y,Li X M and Ma Z P.2008.Petrogenesis of caboniferous-Early Permian rift-related volcanic rocks in the Tianshan and its neighboring areas,northwestern China[J].Northwestern Ggology,41(4):1-68(in Chinese).
Yang Y J and Zhao Y J.2011.Research on the alteration mapping using airborne hyper-spectrum remote sensing[J].Science and Technology Herald,29(23):57-61(in Chinese with English Ab-stract).
甘甫平,王润生,马蔼乃.2003.基于特征谱带的高光谱遥感矿物谱系识别[J].地学前缘,10(2):445-453.
李厚民,丁建华,李立兴,姚通.2014.东天山雅满苏铁矿床矽卡岩成因及矿床成因类型[J].地质学报,12(12):2477-2489.
刘德长,叶发旺,赵英俊,田丰,邱骏挺.2015.航空高光谱遥感金矿床定位模型及找矿应用--以甘肃北山柳园-方山口地区为例[J].地球信息科学学报,17(12):1545-1553.
涂良权,马雁飞,师书冉,殷建锋,涂金飞.2011.哈密东戈壁钼矿成矿特征及围岩蚀变[J].新疆地质,29(4):433-436.
汪冰,王瑞军,李名松,董双发,牛海威,孙永彬.2014.新疆东戈壁地区成矿有利地质单元地面高光谱蚀变矿物分析及找矿应用[J].矿产勘查,6(5):577-585.
王京彬,王玉往,何志军.2006.东天山大地构造演化的成矿示踪[J].中国地质,33(3):461-469.
王兴保.2005.雅满苏铁矿床地质特征及成因浅析[J].地质找矿论丛,20(增刊):125-128.
夏林圻,夏祖春,徐学义,李向民,马中平.2008.天山及邻区石炭纪-早二叠世裂谷火山岩岩石成因[J].西北地质,41(4):1-68.
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