持续土壤干旱对甘薯光合性能及产量的影响
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摘要
以广泛种植的徐薯32和宁紫薯1号为试验材料,研究持续土壤干旱对甘薯功能叶光合参数及块根产量和碳水化合物的影响.结果表明:干旱胁迫下,徐薯32可通过自身的品种属性(丰产性)弥补受旱甘薯产量降低的部分损失,但2个试验品种抗旱指数均小于0.5,仍属于低抗品种.受持续土壤干旱影响,甘薯净光合速率降低是由气孔限制和非气孔限制共同作用引起的,其中气孔限制占主导因素.此外,干旱胁迫下,甘薯叶片净光合速率的降低并不是块根产量降低的主要原因,而是干旱胁迫影响了甘薯块根中可溶性糖(蔗糖)/淀粉的平衡调节能力,使蔗糖转化为淀粉的生理过程受抑制,才显著降低块根淀粉累积和产量.
The photosynthetic parameters of functional leaves and yield and carbohydrate in tuberous root of sweetpotato were studied under soil drought stress,taking two sweetpotato cultivars,Xushu 32 and Ningzishu 1,grown in 2018 as examples.The results showed that Xushu 32 could make up for part of the loss of yield reduction through its own variety attribute(high yield)under drought stress.However,the drought resistance indexes of Xushu 32 and Ningzishu 1 were less than 0.5,and both of them still belonged to low-resistant varieties.Under soil drought stress,both stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation worked together to reduce the photosynthetic performance in sweetpotato,but stomatal limitation accounted for the major factor.In addition,the decrease of net photosynthesis rate in sweetpotato leaves was not the main reason for the decrease of tuberous root yield under drought stress.In fact,the maim reason was the effect of drought stress on the balance regulation ability of soluble sugar(sucrose)/starch in tuberous root of sweetpotato,which inhibited the physiological process of converting sucrose into starch,thus significantly reduced the starch accumulation and yield of tuberous root.
The photosynthetic parameters of functional leaves and yield and carbohydrate in tuberous root of sweetpotato were studied under soil drought stress,taking two sweetpotato cultivars,Xushu 32 and Ningzishu 1,grown in 2018 as examples.The results showed that Xushu 32 could make up for part of the loss of yield reduction through its own variety attribute(high yield)under drought stress.However,the drought resistance indexes of Xushu 32 and Ningzishu 1 were less than 0.5,and both of them still belonged to low-resistant varieties.Under soil drought stress,both stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation worked together to reduce the photosynthetic performance in sweetpotato,but stomatal limitation accounted for the major factor.In addition,the decrease of net photosynthesis rate in sweetpotato leaves was not the main reason for the decrease of tuberous root yield under drought stress.In fact,the maim reason was the effect of drought stress on the balance regulation ability of soluble sugar(sucrose)/starch in tuberous root of sweetpotato,which inhibited the physiological process of converting sucrose into starch,thus significantly reduced the starch accumulation and yield of tuberous root.
引文
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[27]Zhang K,Wu Z,Tang D,et al.Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals critical function of sucrose metabolism related-enzymes in starch accumulation in the storage root of sweet potato[J].Front Plant Sci,2017,8:914.
[2]Kim S H,Mizuno K,Fujimura T.Regulated expression of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase and chalcone synthase during root development in sweet potato[J].Plant Growth Regul,2002,38(2):173.
[3]Truong V D,Deighton N,Thompson R T,et al.Characterization of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS/MS[J].J Agricult Food Chem,2010,58(1):404.
[4]联合国粮食及农业组织.联合国粮食及农业组织统计资料[EB/OL].[2019-03-17].http://www.fao.org/statistics/zh/.
[5]姜增辉,吕雅芳.甘薯高产栽培技术[J].杂粮作物,2010,30(3):225.
[6]Chowdhury S R,Singh R,Kundu D K,et al.Growth,dry-matter partitioning and yield of sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas L.)as influenced by soil mechanical impedance and mineral nutrition under different irrigation regimes[J].Adv Hortic Sci,2002,16(1):25.
[7]Zhao W,Wang R,Hu W,et al.Spatial difference of drought effect on photosynthesis of leaf subtending to cotton boll and its relationship with boll biomass[J].JAgron Crop Sci,2018.doi:10.1111/jac.12320.
[8]Liu J R,Meng Y L,Chen B L,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of the subtending leaf and the relationships with lint yield and fiber quality in the late-planted cotton[J].Acta Physiol Plant,2015,37(4):1.
[9]Cornic G.Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal aperture-not by affecting ATPsynthesis[J].Trends Plant Sci,2000,5(5):187.
[10]Flexas J,Bota J,Loreto F,et al.Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C3plants[J].Plant Biol,2004,6(3):269.
[11]Tezara W,Mitchell V J,Driscoll S D,et al.Water stress inhibits plant photosynthesis by decreasing coupling factor and ATP[J].Nature,1999,401(6756):914.
[12]Chaves M M,Pereira J S,Maroco J,et al.How plants cope with water stress in the field?Photosynthesis and growth[J].Ann Bot,2002,89(7):907.
[13]Zahoor R,Dong H,Abid M,et al.Potassium fertilizer improves drought stress alleviation potential in cotton by enhancing photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism[J].Environ Exp Bot,2017,137:73.
[14]Lawlor D W,Tezara W.Causes of decreased photosynthetic rate and metabolic capacity in water-deficient leaf cells:a critical evaluation of mechanisms and integration of processes[J].Ann Bot,2009,103(4):561.
[15]Cho K S,Han E H,Kwak S S,et al.Expressing the sweet potato orange gene in transgenic potato improves drought tolerance and marketable tuber production[J].C R Biol,2016,339(5/6):207.
[16]王翠娟,史春余,刘娜,等.结薯数差异显著的甘薯品种生长前期根系特性及根叶糖组分比较[J].作物学报,2016,42(1):131.
[17]张海燕,解备涛,段文学,等.不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯光合效率和耗水特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(6):1943.
[18]Zhang W,Gu J,Wang Z,et al.Comparison of structural and functional properties of wheat starch under different soil drought conditions[J].Scient Rep,2017,7(1):12312.
[19]唐忠厚,李洪民,张爱君,等.施钾对甘薯常规品质性状及其淀粉RVA特性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2011,23(1):46.
[20]Martineau E,Domec J C,Bosc A,et al.The effects of potassium nutrition on water use in field-grown maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Environ Exp Bot,2017,134:62.
[21]孙哲,史春余,刘中良,等.干旱胁迫下钾肥对甘薯产量形成及钾素分配利用的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(3):390.
[22]周志林,唐君,金平,等.甘薯抗旱鉴定及旱胁迫对甘薯叶片生理特性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1052.
[23]刘恩良,曹清河,唐君,等.甘薯抗旱鉴定及生理响应研究[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(6):999.
[24]谢一芝,郭小丁,尹晴红.紫心甘薯新品种宁紫薯1号的选育及栽培技术[J].江苏农业科学,2006(2):43.
[25]Lingle S E,Chevalier P.Movement and metabolism of sucrose in developing barley kernels[J].Crop Sci,1984,24(2):315.
[26]Rudack K,Seddig S,Sprenger H,et al.Drought stress-induced changes in starch yield and physiological traits in potato[J].J Agron Crop Sci,2017,203(6):494.
[27]Zhang K,Wu Z,Tang D,et al.Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals critical function of sucrose metabolism related-enzymes in starch accumulation in the storage root of sweet potato[J].Front Plant Sci,2017,8:914.