大丰麋鹿保护现状与可持续发展策略探讨
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摘要
江苏大丰麋鹿为重引进物种,大多散养在人工圈围的封闭围网内。由于该种群密度过大而导致的生境恶化、食源短缺、发生传染性疾病风险增加等制约着其可持续发展。介绍了江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区现状,分析了制约大丰麋鹿种群可持续发展的主要因素。建议实施扩大栖息地、麋鹿生境恢复与改造、人工补饲、异地建立种群、血统交换、培育圈养商业用品系、积极预防传染病等人为干预措施,以丰富麋鹿种质资源遗传多样性。
Milu(Elaphurus davidianus) in Dafeng of Jiangsu is a re-introduced species,which is mostly scatter-fed in the enclosure of artificial ring. Because the population density is too large, habitat deterioration, shortage of food sources, increased risk of infectious diseases and other factors restricted its sustainable development. The current status of national nature reserve of Milu in Dafeng of Jiangsu was introduced,and the main factors that restricted the sustainable development of Milu population were analyzed. Artificial intervention measures were suggested,including implementation of expanding the habitat,habitat's restoration and transformation of Milu,artificial supplemental feeding,the establishment of different population, exchange of bloodline, breeding circle and nutrient line and active prevention of infectious disease, etc., so to enrich the genetic diversity of Milu germplasm resources.
Milu(Elaphurus davidianus) in Dafeng of Jiangsu is a re-introduced species,which is mostly scatter-fed in the enclosure of artificial ring. Because the population density is too large, habitat deterioration, shortage of food sources, increased risk of infectious diseases and other factors restricted its sustainable development. The current status of national nature reserve of Milu in Dafeng of Jiangsu was introduced,and the main factors that restricted the sustainable development of Milu population were analyzed. Artificial intervention measures were suggested,including implementation of expanding the habitat,habitat's restoration and transformation of Milu,artificial supplemental feeding,the establishment of different population, exchange of bloodline, breeding circle and nutrient line and active prevention of infectious disease, etc., so to enrich the genetic diversity of Milu germplasm resources.
引文
[1] 蒋志刚,丁玉华.大丰麋鹿与生物多样性[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2011:68.
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[8] 孙大明,王桂宏,徐绍良,等.仔麋鹿大肠杆菌病[J].畜牧与兽医,1993(3):126.
[9] 孙大明,丁玉华,朱明,等.麋鹿慢性失血性贫血的诊断[J].中国兽医杂志,1997,23(10):29.
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[12] 蒋志刚,张林源,杨戎生,等.中国麋鹿种群密度制约现象与发展策略[J].动物学报,2001,47(1):53-58.
[13] 徐安宏.麋鹿自然保护区技术管理基本路线[J].当代畜牧,2016(9):76-79.
[14] 侯立冰,丁晶晶,丁玉华,等.江苏大丰麋鹿种群及管理模式探讨[J].野生动物,2012,33(5):254-257.
[2] 曹克清.野生麋鹿绝灭时间初探[J].动物学报,1978(3):289-291.
[3] 曹克清.野生麋鹿绝灭地区的初步探讨[J].动物学研究,1982(4):475-477.
[4] 曹克清.野生麋鹿绝灭原因的探讨[J].动物学研究,1985(1):111-115.
[5] 鹿欣伦,赵国,张雨梅.麋鹿出血性败血症的诊治病例[J].中国兽医杂志,2011,47(1):86-87.
[6] 孙大明,朱明,王桂宏,等.大量蜱寄生引致麋鹿贫血症病例报告[J].畜牧与兽医,1998,30(2):72-73.
[7] 张林源,温华军,钟震宇,等.湖北石首野生麋鹿种群大量死亡原因调查[J].畜牧与兽医,2011,43(4):89-91.
[8] 孙大明,王桂宏,徐绍良,等.仔麋鹿大肠杆菌病[J].畜牧与兽医,1993(3):126.
[9] 孙大明,丁玉华,朱明,等.麋鹿慢性失血性贫血的诊断[J].中国兽医杂志,1997,23(10):29.
[10] 孙大明,薛春林,王伯高,等.麋鹿血液生理指标和血清化学成分指标的研究[J].畜牧与兽医,1994,26(3):106-109.
[11] 刘永张,王荣琼,杨玉钊,等.麋鹿感染放线菌病例[J].经济动物学报,2011,15(2):80-81.
[12] 蒋志刚,张林源,杨戎生,等.中国麋鹿种群密度制约现象与发展策略[J].动物学报,2001,47(1):53-58.
[13] 徐安宏.麋鹿自然保护区技术管理基本路线[J].当代畜牧,2016(9):76-79.
[14] 侯立冰,丁晶晶,丁玉华,等.江苏大丰麋鹿种群及管理模式探讨[J].野生动物,2012,33(5):254-257.