滇池内源磷释放潜力的区域差异:来自沉积物磷形态的证据
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摘要
采集了7组滇池近代沉积物柱芯,测定了其中总P(TP)、Fe、Al、Ca的含量,并首次获得了埋深大于25 cm的沉积物的不同形态磷的数据,分析了TP与不同形态磷的时空分布特征及TP与总Fe、Al、Ca含量的关系,探讨了滇池内源磷释放潜力的区域差异和制约因素。结果表明,自北向南,TP含量出现随深度先升高后降低的变化特征,各形态P之间的关系为:碎屑磷(DP)>有机磷(OP)≈铁结合态磷(Fe-P)>闭蓄态磷(Oc P)>钙结合态磷(Ca-P)>铝结合态磷(Al-P)>可交换态磷(SRP)。纵向上Fe-P随深度逐渐升高,Oc P逐渐降低,其它形态P的变化规律不明显;区域上TP、DP、OP、Fe-P、Ca-P和Al-P南部高于北部。在滇池南部DP通量较高的区域,TP与Fe、Al呈正相关关系,与Ca呈负相关关系,其它区域无相关性。分析表明,滇池南部内源磷的释放潜力大于中部和北部,而南部内源磷受DP输入的影响,风浪扰动对北部内源磷的释放有更强的抑制作用。
Seven sets of drilling cores of recent sediments from the Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province have been collected in this paper. The contents of P(TP), Fe, Al and Ca of the sediments, have been analysed. It is first time to have obtained data of various forms of P in sediments buried deeper than 25 cm. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of total P(TP) and various forms of P, as well as the relationships between TP and Fe, Al and Ca contents were explored. Subsequently, the controlling factors and regional differences of the release potential of endogenous P in the Dianchi Lake have been discussed. The results show that TP contents of sediments are gradually increased at first and then decreased with the increase of depth, from north to south areas of the Dianchi Lake. Contents of various forms of P are subsequently decreased with an order of detrital P(DP) > organic P(OP) ≈ Fe-bound P(Fe-P) > occluded P(Oc P) > Ca-bound P(Ca-P) > Al-bound P(Al-P) > soluble reactive P(SRP). Vertically, the Fe-P contents are gradually increased but the OcP are gradually decreased with the depth, while there is no obvious variation regulation for contents of other forms of P with the depth. Horizontally, contents of the TP, DP, OP, Fe-P, Ca-P, and Al-P of sediments in southern part of the Dianchi Lake are higher than those of sediments in the northern areas. In the southern Dianchi Lake where sediments contain relatively high contents of DP, there are positive correlations between the TP and respective Fe and Al contents of sediments, but there is a negative correlation between the TP and Ca contents. However, such correlations have not been found for sediments in other parts of the Dianchi Lake. This implies that the release potential of endogenous phosphorus of sediments in the southern Dianchi Lake is higher than those of the central and northern parts. The endogenous phosphorus of sediments in the southern Dianchi Lake is mainly influenced by the input of DP. However, the release of endogenous phosphorus in the northern Dianchi Lake is relative strongly inhibited by the wind wave disturbance.
Seven sets of drilling cores of recent sediments from the Dianchi Lake in Yunnan Province have been collected in this paper. The contents of P(TP), Fe, Al and Ca of the sediments, have been analysed. It is first time to have obtained data of various forms of P in sediments buried deeper than 25 cm. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of total P(TP) and various forms of P, as well as the relationships between TP and Fe, Al and Ca contents were explored. Subsequently, the controlling factors and regional differences of the release potential of endogenous P in the Dianchi Lake have been discussed. The results show that TP contents of sediments are gradually increased at first and then decreased with the increase of depth, from north to south areas of the Dianchi Lake. Contents of various forms of P are subsequently decreased with an order of detrital P(DP) > organic P(OP) ≈ Fe-bound P(Fe-P) > occluded P(Oc P) > Ca-bound P(Ca-P) > Al-bound P(Al-P) > soluble reactive P(SRP). Vertically, the Fe-P contents are gradually increased but the OcP are gradually decreased with the depth, while there is no obvious variation regulation for contents of other forms of P with the depth. Horizontally, contents of the TP, DP, OP, Fe-P, Ca-P, and Al-P of sediments in southern part of the Dianchi Lake are higher than those of sediments in the northern areas. In the southern Dianchi Lake where sediments contain relatively high contents of DP, there are positive correlations between the TP and respective Fe and Al contents of sediments, but there is a negative correlation between the TP and Ca contents. However, such correlations have not been found for sediments in other parts of the Dianchi Lake. This implies that the release potential of endogenous phosphorus of sediments in the southern Dianchi Lake is higher than those of the central and northern parts. The endogenous phosphorus of sediments in the southern Dianchi Lake is mainly influenced by the input of DP. However, the release of endogenous phosphorus in the northern Dianchi Lake is relative strongly inhibited by the wind wave disturbance.
引文
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[20]李楠,单保庆,张洪,等.沉积物中有机磷在pH和温度影响下的矿化机制[J].环境科学,2011,32(4):1008-1014.
[21]王心宇,周丰,伊旋,等.滇池沉积物中主要污染物含量时间分异特征研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):194-201.
[22]赵世民,王道玮,李晓铭,等.滇池及其河口沉积物中重金属污染评价[J].环境化学,2014,33(2):276-285.
[23]GAO S,LUO T C,ZHANG B R,et al.Chemical composition of the continental crust as revealed by studies in East China-Evidence for a 3.0-Ga continental craton[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(11):1959-1975.
[24]于银亭,吴润,等.昆明滇池沉积速率的测定[J].海洋与湖沼,1996,27(1):41-45.
[25]郭建宁,卢少勇,金相灿,等.滇池福保湾沉积物不同形态磷的垂向分布[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(2):78-83.
[26]薛传东,刘星,亓春英,等.滇池近代沉积物的元素地球化学特征及其环境意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2008,26(6):582-590.
[27]Ruttenberg K C.The Global Phosphorus Cycle[A].Heinrich D H,Karl K T.Treatise on Geochemistry[M].Oxford:Pergamon,2003:585-643.
[28]吕云波,周东风,龚震.滇池风场的基本特征分析[J].云南环境科学,2002,22(1):1-5.
[29]朱元荣,张润宇,吴丰昌.滇池沉积物生物有效性氮和磷的分布及相互关系[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(8):993-998.
[30]Reddy K R,Kadlec R H,Flaig E,et al.Phosphorus retention in streams and wetlands:a review[J].Critical reviews in environmental science and technology,1999,29(1):83-146.
[31]Jahnke R A.The synthesis and solubility of carbonate fluorapatite[J].American Journal of Science,1984,284(1):58-78.
[32]雷涵韫,王光火.三种不同组成磷矿石的溶解特性比较[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2005,31(1):17-21.
[33]徐林刚,Lehmann B,张锡贵,等.云南昆阳磷矿黑色页岩微量元素特征及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2014,30(6):1817-1827.
[34]Jensen H S,Kristensen P,Jeppesen E,et al.Iron:phosphorus ratio in surface sediment as an indicator of phosphate release from aerobic sediments in shallow lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,1992,235(1):731-743.
[2]S?ndergaard M,Jensen JP,Jeppesen E.Role of sediment and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,2003,506(1):135-145.
[3]ZHU G W,QIN B Q,GAO G,et al.Direct evidence of phosphorus outbreak release from sediment to overlying water in a large shallow lake caused by strong wind wave disturbance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(6):577-582.
[4]高永霞,孙小静,张战平,等.风浪扰动引起湖泊磷形态变化的模拟试验研究[J].水科学进展,2007,18(5):668-673.
[5]Ruttenberg K C.Development of a sequential extraction method for different forms of phosphorus in marine sediments[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1992,37(7):1460-1482.
[6]Hupfer M,G?chter R,Giovanoli R.Transformation of phosphorus species in settling seston and during early sediment diagenesis[J].Aquatic Sciences,1995,57(4):305-324.
[7]李悦,乌大年,薛永先.沉积物中不同形态磷提取方法的改进及其环境地球化学意义[J].海洋环境科学,1998,17(1):15-20.
[8]Rydin E.Potentially mobile phosphorus in lake erken sediment[J].Water Res,2000,34(7):2037-2042.
[9]Welch S A,Taunton A E,Banfield JF.Effect of microorganisms and microbial metabolites on apatite dissolution[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,2002,19(3):343-367.
[10]Hamdali H,Hafidi M,Virolle M J,et al.Rock phosphate-solubilizing Actinomycetes:screening for plant growth-promoting activities[J].World Journal of Microbiology&Biotechnology,2008,24:2565-2575.
[11]吴峰炜,汪福顺,吴明红,等.滇池、红枫湖沉积物中总磷、分态磷及生物硅形态与分布特征[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(1):88-94.
[12]柘元蒙.滇池富营养化现状、趋势及其防治对策[J].云南环境科学,2002,2l(1):35-38.
[13]高丽,杨浩,周健民,等.滇池沉积物磷内负荷及其对水体贡献的研究[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):776-781.
[14]欧阳志宏,郭怀成,王婉晶,等.1982-2012年滇池水质变化及社会经济发展对水质的影响[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(2):68-73.
[15]夏学惠,东野脉兴,周建民,等.滇池现代沉积物中磷的地球化学及其对环境影响[J].沉积学报,2002,20(3):416-420.
[16]吴永红,胡俊,金向东,等.滇池典型湖湾沉积物氮磷化学特性及疏浚层推算[J].环境科学,2005,26(4):77-82.
[17]李仁英,杨浩,陈捷,等.盘龙江口滇池沉积物重金属的分布及污染评价[J].土壤,2006,38(2):186-191.
[18]陈永川,张德刚,汤利.滇池水体磷的时空变化与藻类生长的关系[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(6):1363-1368.
[19]卢少勇,焦伟,金相灿,等.滇池内湖滨带沉积物中重金属形态分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(4):487-492.
[20]李楠,单保庆,张洪,等.沉积物中有机磷在pH和温度影响下的矿化机制[J].环境科学,2011,32(4):1008-1014.
[21]王心宇,周丰,伊旋,等.滇池沉积物中主要污染物含量时间分异特征研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):194-201.
[22]赵世民,王道玮,李晓铭,等.滇池及其河口沉积物中重金属污染评价[J].环境化学,2014,33(2):276-285.
[23]GAO S,LUO T C,ZHANG B R,et al.Chemical composition of the continental crust as revealed by studies in East China-Evidence for a 3.0-Ga continental craton[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(11):1959-1975.
[24]于银亭,吴润,等.昆明滇池沉积速率的测定[J].海洋与湖沼,1996,27(1):41-45.
[25]郭建宁,卢少勇,金相灿,等.滇池福保湾沉积物不同形态磷的垂向分布[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(2):78-83.
[26]薛传东,刘星,亓春英,等.滇池近代沉积物的元素地球化学特征及其环境意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2008,26(6):582-590.
[27]Ruttenberg K C.The Global Phosphorus Cycle[A].Heinrich D H,Karl K T.Treatise on Geochemistry[M].Oxford:Pergamon,2003:585-643.
[28]吕云波,周东风,龚震.滇池风场的基本特征分析[J].云南环境科学,2002,22(1):1-5.
[29]朱元荣,张润宇,吴丰昌.滇池沉积物生物有效性氮和磷的分布及相互关系[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(8):993-998.
[30]Reddy K R,Kadlec R H,Flaig E,et al.Phosphorus retention in streams and wetlands:a review[J].Critical reviews in environmental science and technology,1999,29(1):83-146.
[31]Jahnke R A.The synthesis and solubility of carbonate fluorapatite[J].American Journal of Science,1984,284(1):58-78.
[32]雷涵韫,王光火.三种不同组成磷矿石的溶解特性比较[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2005,31(1):17-21.
[33]徐林刚,Lehmann B,张锡贵,等.云南昆阳磷矿黑色页岩微量元素特征及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2014,30(6):1817-1827.
[34]Jensen H S,Kristensen P,Jeppesen E,et al.Iron:phosphorus ratio in surface sediment as an indicator of phosphate release from aerobic sediments in shallow lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,1992,235(1):731-743.