壳聚糖和噻苯咪唑处理对晋枣鲜果贮藏品质的影响
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摘要
研究壳聚糖(chitosan,CTS)涂膜处理和噻苯咪唑(thiabendazole,TBZ)熏蒸处理对晋枣鲜果采后贮藏品质的影响。将具有果面3/4红色成熟度的新鲜晋枣分别用质量浓度2. 0 g/L的壳聚糖溶液进行涂膜和含噻苯咪唑4. 5%(质量分数)的烟剂以5 g/m3熏蒸3 h,后置于-1～0℃冷库中贮藏,定期测量相对电导率、果实硬度、丙二醛、叶绿素、可滴定酸、抗坏血酸含量和失重率、好果率,贮后进行感官评价。结果表明,壳聚糖涂膜和噻苯咪唑熏蒸处理均能够降低果实细胞膜相对渗透率,抑制丙二醛的积累,维持较高的果实硬度,保持可滴定酸和抗坏血酸含量,减缓叶绿素含量的下降,减少果实失重和腐烂,壳聚糖涂膜处理保鲜效果优于噻苯咪唑熏蒸处理。贮藏100 d时,壳聚糖涂膜处理好果率为94. 6%,果实色泽鲜艳,口感俱佳。
The effects of chitosan coating and thiabendazole fumigation on postharvest storage quality of fresh Jin jujube were studied. Fresh and ripe Jin jujube with 3/4 of the fruit surface appeared red were either coated with 2 g/L chitosan solution or fumigated with smoke agents with 4. 5% thiabendazole at 5 g/m3 for 3 h. Samples were stored at-1-0 ℃. Their relative conductivity,hardness,contents of malondialdehyde,chlorophyll,titratable acid,and ascorbic acid,weight loss rate,and good fruit rate were measured regularly. Sensory evaluation was carried out after storage. The results showed that both chitosan coating and thiabendazole fumigation could reduce the relative permeability of cell membrane,inhibit malondialdehyde accumulation,maintain relatively high hardness of the fruit,maintain titratable acid and ascorbic acid contents in the fruit,retarding the decline of chlorophyll content,and reduce the weight loss of the fruit as well as rotten fruits. Chitosan coating had better fresh-keeping effects than thiabendazole fumigation. After 100 days of storage,94. 6% fruit treated with chitosan coating were good,and the fruit had bright color and delicious taste.
The effects of chitosan coating and thiabendazole fumigation on postharvest storage quality of fresh Jin jujube were studied. Fresh and ripe Jin jujube with 3/4 of the fruit surface appeared red were either coated with 2 g/L chitosan solution or fumigated with smoke agents with 4. 5% thiabendazole at 5 g/m3 for 3 h. Samples were stored at-1-0 ℃. Their relative conductivity,hardness,contents of malondialdehyde,chlorophyll,titratable acid,and ascorbic acid,weight loss rate,and good fruit rate were measured regularly. Sensory evaluation was carried out after storage. The results showed that both chitosan coating and thiabendazole fumigation could reduce the relative permeability of cell membrane,inhibit malondialdehyde accumulation,maintain relatively high hardness of the fruit,maintain titratable acid and ascorbic acid contents in the fruit,retarding the decline of chlorophyll content,and reduce the weight loss of the fruit as well as rotten fruits. Chitosan coating had better fresh-keeping effects than thiabendazole fumigation. After 100 days of storage,94. 6% fruit treated with chitosan coating were good,and the fruit had bright color and delicious taste.
引文
[1]张元华.甘肃宁县晋枣贮藏保鲜技术研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[2]雷逢超,马月,张有林,等. 1-MCP对九龙金枣采后生理及贮期品质的影响[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(2):98-103.
[3]宫文学,张有林,于月英.狗头枣贮藏保鲜关键技术研究[J].食品工业科技,2010,31(4):333-335; 345.
[4]吴友根,陈金印.壳聚糖在果蔬保鲜上的研究现状及前景[J].食品与发酵工业,2002,28(12):52-56.
[5]金芝苹,王爽,闫旭,等.可食性壳聚糖涂膜在食品保鲜中的应用[J].吉林医药学院学报,2018,39(1):42-44.
[6]任玉锋,曾晓静,王春明.壳聚糖涂膜对灵武长枣低温保鲜效果的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(11):66-68.
[7]MALEKI G,SEDAGHAT N,WOLTERING E J,et al.Chitosan-limonene coating in combination with modified atmosphere packaging preserve postharvest quality of cucumber during storage[J]. Journal of Food Measurement&Characterization,2018,12(3):1 610-1 621.
[8]于军香.壳聚糖涂膜对沂州木瓜贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2011,32(4):264-267.
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[10]贾小丽,张平,马涛,等.壳聚糖涂膜对冬枣室温条件下生理生化的影响[J].保鲜与加工,2006,6(1):25-27.
[11]秦海容,徐丹,刘琴.壳聚糖复合涂膜的微观形貌变化及其对红桔的保鲜效果[J].食品与发酵工业,2018,44(2):233-239.
[12]JIANG Y,LI Y. Effects of chitosan coating on postharvest life and quality of longan fruit[J]. Food Chemistry,2001,73(2):139-143.
[13]李慧妍,秦文,辛松林,等.壳聚糖和1-甲基环丙烯对黄秋葵果实低温贮藏品质及生理的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2015,41(12):202-207.
[14]KOU X H,GUO W L,GUO R Z,et al. Effects of chitosan,calcium chloride,and pullulan coating treatments on antioxidant activity in pear cv.“Huang guan”during storage[J]. Food&Bioprocess Technology,2014,7(3):671-681.
[15]PICCIRLLI G N,ESCANDAR G M. A novel flow-through fluorescence optosensor for the determination of thiabendazole[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,601(2):196-203.
[16]李琳,李坤英,李贵深,等.敌霉烟剂的研制及用于蒜苔贮藏期防腐的研究[J].河北农业大学学报,1994(S1):214-218.
[17]车芙蓉,马岩松,肖亦农.敌霉灵烟熏剂在蒜苔贮藏中抑霉防腐效果的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1998(1):91-93.
[18]黄永红.噻苯咪唑对蒜苔灰霉病控制效果试验[J].中国果品研究,1996(2):18-19.
[19]ALI A,MAHMUDTENGKU M M,SIJAM K,et al.Effect of chitosan coatings on the physicochemical characteristics of Eksotika II papaya(Carica papaya L.)fruit during cold storage[J]. Food Chemistry,2011,124(2):620-626.
[20]谢春晖,位思清,王兆升,等.壳聚糖涂膜保鲜冬枣的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(1):45-50.
[21]马文平,倪志婧,任贤,等.壳聚糖涂膜与1-MCP结合壳聚糖处理对采后甜瓜果实品质与内源激素变化的影响[J].食品科技,2011,36(12):27-33.
[22]李述刚,陈冬梅,刘华英,等.壳聚糖涂膜保鲜圆脆红枣[J].食品科学,2011,32(2):280-284.
[23]范林林,李萌萌,冯叙桥,等.壳聚糖涂膜对鲜切苹果贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35(22):350-355.
[24]张有林,张润光.蒜苔低温、限气、保鲜剂联用贮藏技术研究[J].农业工程学报,2005(4):167-171.
[25]侯福林.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:90.
[26]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬菜后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:101-105; 148-149.
[27]冯双庆,赵玉梅.果蔬保鲜技术及常规测试方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001:145-147.
[28]张有林,田呈瑞.果品蔬菜贮藏运销学实验实习指导[M].西安:陕西师范大学,2004:17-18.
[29]中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 1649-2008.水果、蔬菜中噻苯咪唑残留量的测定-高效液相色谱法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[30]陈莲,林河通,王璐璐,等.安喜布处理对采后台湾青枣果实的保鲜效应[J].中国食品学报,2014,14(12):113-120.
[31]TESFAY S Z,MAGWAZA L S. Evaluating the efficacy of moringa leaf extract,chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose as edible coatings for enhancing quality and extending postharvest life of avocado(Persea americana Mill.)fruit[J]. Food Packaging&Shelf Life,2017,11:40-48.
[32]VIEIRA J M,FLORES-LóPEZ M L,RODRíGUEZ D J D,et al. Effect of chitosan-Aloe vera,coating on postharvest quality of blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum)fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology&Technology,2016,116:88-97.
[33]李亚娜,李瑞勇.壳聚糖涂膜对圣女果的保鲜性能研究[J].包装与食品机械,2011,29(3):9-11; 23.
[2]雷逢超,马月,张有林,等. 1-MCP对九龙金枣采后生理及贮期品质的影响[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(2):98-103.
[3]宫文学,张有林,于月英.狗头枣贮藏保鲜关键技术研究[J].食品工业科技,2010,31(4):333-335; 345.
[4]吴友根,陈金印.壳聚糖在果蔬保鲜上的研究现状及前景[J].食品与发酵工业,2002,28(12):52-56.
[5]金芝苹,王爽,闫旭,等.可食性壳聚糖涂膜在食品保鲜中的应用[J].吉林医药学院学报,2018,39(1):42-44.
[6]任玉锋,曾晓静,王春明.壳聚糖涂膜对灵武长枣低温保鲜效果的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(11):66-68.
[7]MALEKI G,SEDAGHAT N,WOLTERING E J,et al.Chitosan-limonene coating in combination with modified atmosphere packaging preserve postharvest quality of cucumber during storage[J]. Journal of Food Measurement&Characterization,2018,12(3):1 610-1 621.
[8]于军香.壳聚糖涂膜对沂州木瓜贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2011,32(4):264-267.
[9]NAIR M S,SAXENA A,KAUR C. Effect of chitosan and alginate based coatings enriched with pomegranate peel extract to extend the postharvest quality of guava(Psidium guajava L.)[J]. Food Chemistry,2018,240:245-252.
[10]贾小丽,张平,马涛,等.壳聚糖涂膜对冬枣室温条件下生理生化的影响[J].保鲜与加工,2006,6(1):25-27.
[11]秦海容,徐丹,刘琴.壳聚糖复合涂膜的微观形貌变化及其对红桔的保鲜效果[J].食品与发酵工业,2018,44(2):233-239.
[12]JIANG Y,LI Y. Effects of chitosan coating on postharvest life and quality of longan fruit[J]. Food Chemistry,2001,73(2):139-143.
[13]李慧妍,秦文,辛松林,等.壳聚糖和1-甲基环丙烯对黄秋葵果实低温贮藏品质及生理的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2015,41(12):202-207.
[14]KOU X H,GUO W L,GUO R Z,et al. Effects of chitosan,calcium chloride,and pullulan coating treatments on antioxidant activity in pear cv.“Huang guan”during storage[J]. Food&Bioprocess Technology,2014,7(3):671-681.
[15]PICCIRLLI G N,ESCANDAR G M. A novel flow-through fluorescence optosensor for the determination of thiabendazole[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,601(2):196-203.
[16]李琳,李坤英,李贵深,等.敌霉烟剂的研制及用于蒜苔贮藏期防腐的研究[J].河北农业大学学报,1994(S1):214-218.
[17]车芙蓉,马岩松,肖亦农.敌霉灵烟熏剂在蒜苔贮藏中抑霉防腐效果的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1998(1):91-93.
[18]黄永红.噻苯咪唑对蒜苔灰霉病控制效果试验[J].中国果品研究,1996(2):18-19.
[19]ALI A,MAHMUDTENGKU M M,SIJAM K,et al.Effect of chitosan coatings on the physicochemical characteristics of Eksotika II papaya(Carica papaya L.)fruit during cold storage[J]. Food Chemistry,2011,124(2):620-626.
[20]谢春晖,位思清,王兆升,等.壳聚糖涂膜保鲜冬枣的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(1):45-50.
[21]马文平,倪志婧,任贤,等.壳聚糖涂膜与1-MCP结合壳聚糖处理对采后甜瓜果实品质与内源激素变化的影响[J].食品科技,2011,36(12):27-33.
[22]李述刚,陈冬梅,刘华英,等.壳聚糖涂膜保鲜圆脆红枣[J].食品科学,2011,32(2):280-284.
[23]范林林,李萌萌,冯叙桥,等.壳聚糖涂膜对鲜切苹果贮藏品质的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35(22):350-355.
[24]张有林,张润光.蒜苔低温、限气、保鲜剂联用贮藏技术研究[J].农业工程学报,2005(4):167-171.
[25]侯福林.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:90.
[26]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬菜后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:101-105; 148-149.
[27]冯双庆,赵玉梅.果蔬保鲜技术及常规测试方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001:145-147.
[28]张有林,田呈瑞.果品蔬菜贮藏运销学实验实习指导[M].西安:陕西师范大学,2004:17-18.
[29]中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 1649-2008.水果、蔬菜中噻苯咪唑残留量的测定-高效液相色谱法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[30]陈莲,林河通,王璐璐,等.安喜布处理对采后台湾青枣果实的保鲜效应[J].中国食品学报,2014,14(12):113-120.
[31]TESFAY S Z,MAGWAZA L S. Evaluating the efficacy of moringa leaf extract,chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose as edible coatings for enhancing quality and extending postharvest life of avocado(Persea americana Mill.)fruit[J]. Food Packaging&Shelf Life,2017,11:40-48.
[32]VIEIRA J M,FLORES-LóPEZ M L,RODRíGUEZ D J D,et al. Effect of chitosan-Aloe vera,coating on postharvest quality of blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum)fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology&Technology,2016,116:88-97.
[33]李亚娜,李瑞勇.壳聚糖涂膜对圣女果的保鲜性能研究[J].包装与食品机械,2011,29(3):9-11; 23.