南京两处明代外郭城遗址发掘简报
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摘要
2009年下半年,为配合基本建设,考古工作者先后对郑家营和仙鹤门两处明代外郭城遗址进行了考古发掘,取得了很大的收获。两处外郭墙体均为平地起建,为一次性夯筑而成,在墙体的顶部发现建筑倒塌层和排列整齐的柱坑,推测顶部原应有廊房类建筑。仙鹤门遗址的考古勘探证实了外郭城垣外护城河的存在。这为研究南京明代外郭城墙的形制和建造技术提供了宝贵的资料。
In the second half of 2009, in coordination with infrastructural construction, archaeologists excavated two outer city sites dating back to Ming Dynasty, i.e. the site of Zhengjiaying and the site of Gate Xianhe, and acquired great gains. It has been found out that the city wall of both sites used to be built right on the ground and constructed after integral ramming. It is speculated that there were vaulted colonnades on the top of the city walls since remains of collapsed buildings and orderly arranged postholes have been discovered.Archaeological exploration at the site of Gate Xianhe con?rms the existence of a moat outside the outer city. This provides valuable information for researches on the structure of the outer city of Nanjing in Ming Dynasty and construction techniques applied.
In the second half of 2009, in coordination with infrastructural construction, archaeologists excavated two outer city sites dating back to Ming Dynasty, i.e. the site of Zhengjiaying and the site of Gate Xianhe, and acquired great gains. It has been found out that the city wall of both sites used to be built right on the ground and constructed after integral ramming. It is speculated that there were vaulted colonnades on the top of the city walls since remains of collapsed buildings and orderly arranged postholes have been discovered.Archaeological exploration at the site of Gate Xianhe con?rms the existence of a moat outside the outer city. This provides valuable information for researches on the structure of the outer city of Nanjing in Ming Dynasty and construction techniques applied.
引文
[1]陈作霖在《上元江宁乡土合志》称:外郭“俗呼为土城头者以此”。(陈作霖,编.上元江宁乡土合志.南京:江楚编译局,1910.)
[2](清)张廷玉,等.明史:卷四○:志第一六:地理一.北京:中华书局,1974:910.
[3]杨国庆,王志高.南京城墙志.南京:凤凰出版社,2008:230.
[4]《洪武京城图志》《永乐大典》卷七七〇、《明会典》卷一八七、《明史》卷四〇、《江南通志》等记载外郭有16门,《客座缀语》《南都察院志》《同治上江两县志》《上元江宁乡土合志》等则有18门之记载。
[5]同[3]:235.
[6]杨国庆.南京城墙、城门、护城河之论述//但留形胜壮山河—城墙科学保护论坛论文集.南京:凤凰出版社,2008:141.
[7](明)李东明,等.大明会典:卷一五八:兵部四:职方清吏司.(明)申时行,等,重修.台北:文海出版社,1984:2208.
[8]同[6]:139.
[9]同[7].
[10]朱偰《金陵古迹图考》载:“外郭城门,惜今日因筑路关系,渐次拆毁。”
[2](清)张廷玉,等.明史:卷四○:志第一六:地理一.北京:中华书局,1974:910.
[3]杨国庆,王志高.南京城墙志.南京:凤凰出版社,2008:230.
[4]《洪武京城图志》《永乐大典》卷七七〇、《明会典》卷一八七、《明史》卷四〇、《江南通志》等记载外郭有16门,《客座缀语》《南都察院志》《同治上江两县志》《上元江宁乡土合志》等则有18门之记载。
[5]同[3]:235.
[6]杨国庆.南京城墙、城门、护城河之论述//但留形胜壮山河—城墙科学保护论坛论文集.南京:凤凰出版社,2008:141.
[7](明)李东明,等.大明会典:卷一五八:兵部四:职方清吏司.(明)申时行,等,重修.台北:文海出版社,1984:2208.
[8]同[6]:139.
[9]同[7].
[10]朱偰《金陵古迹图考》载:“外郭城门,惜今日因筑路关系,渐次拆毁。”