长江口12.5 m深水航道回淤年际变化及成因
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摘要
长江口12. 5 m深水航道回淤量大,影响因素复杂。利用2011—2017年长江口航道水下地形、水文测验和航道回淤等系列资料,研究了12. 5 m深水航道回淤的年际变化过程和原因。结果表明:①12. 5 m深水航道回淤总体呈现稳中下降的变化特征。②南港—圆圆沙段因航道滩槽高差的缩小和上游底沙输沙量的减少,回淤呈逐年减少态势。③北槽段因南坝田挡沙堤加高工程的实施和台风影响偏弱,2016—2017年回淤较此前有所减少;径流影响北槽最大浑浊带的发育部位,进而影响北槽航道回淤的部位,2016—2017年长江口径流量偏大是北槽航道主要回淤部位较往年偏下的主要原因。④流域减沙对12. 5 m深水航道回淤的影响已开始显现。未来受其影响,南港—圆圆沙航道回淤有望进一步下降并维持较低量值,北槽航道回淤有望维持稳中下降态势。
A series of dredging,hydrologic and topographic in situ measured data are collected to study interannual variations and associated causes of siltation in the 12. 5 m Deepwater Navigation Channel (DNC). The results show that: the annual siltation intensity of DNC is characterized by a steady decrease. The siltation intensity of the South Channel to the Yuanyuansha Channel in the upper reach of DNC obviously decreased. The siltation intensity of the North Passage was fluctuating from 2011 to 2015,but it decreased in 2016—2017. The decline of siltation in the South Channel to the Yuanyuansha Channel is mainly related to the decrease of bed load transported from the upper reach and the reduction of elevation difference between the nearby shoals and troughes. The project of the Sand-retaining Dike and the deline of the impact induced by typhoons are the main cause of the decrease of siltation in the North Passage in 2016 and 2017. The large runoff in 2016 & 2017 led to the turbidity maximum zone and the position of main siltation in the North Passage moves downward. The effect of fluvial sediment decline on the siltation of DNC has been emerged gradually. In future,due to those influences,the siltation of the South Channel to the Yuanyuansha Channel will experience declining furtherly and maintain a lower value,while the siltation in the North Passage also will keep a steady downward trend.
A series of dredging,hydrologic and topographic in situ measured data are collected to study interannual variations and associated causes of siltation in the 12. 5 m Deepwater Navigation Channel (DNC). The results show that: the annual siltation intensity of DNC is characterized by a steady decrease. The siltation intensity of the South Channel to the Yuanyuansha Channel in the upper reach of DNC obviously decreased. The siltation intensity of the North Passage was fluctuating from 2011 to 2015,but it decreased in 2016—2017. The decline of siltation in the South Channel to the Yuanyuansha Channel is mainly related to the decrease of bed load transported from the upper reach and the reduction of elevation difference between the nearby shoals and troughes. The project of the Sand-retaining Dike and the deline of the impact induced by typhoons are the main cause of the decrease of siltation in the North Passage in 2016 and 2017. The large runoff in 2016 & 2017 led to the turbidity maximum zone and the position of main siltation in the North Passage moves downward. The effect of fluvial sediment decline on the siltation of DNC has been emerged gradually. In future,due to those influences,the siltation of the South Channel to the Yuanyuansha Channel will experience declining furtherly and maintain a lower value,while the siltation in the North Passage also will keep a steady downward trend.
引文
[1]刘杰.长江口深水航道河床演变和航道回淤研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008:4-12.(LIU J.Study on morphological evolution and siltation in deep watwrway due to channel re-construction in the North Passage,Yangtze Estuary[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2008:4-12.(in Chinese))
[2]高原,黄胜.美国密西西比河口治理考察报告[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,1982:1-9.(GAO Y,HUANG S.A report on the management of the Mississippi estuary in the United States[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,1982:1-9.(in Chinese))
[3]唐仁楠.塞纳河口的治理[C]∥长江口航道整治领导小组科技组国外河口治理文集.北京:交通部,1982:19-30.(TANG RN.Management of Senna Estuary[C]∥Yangtze River Estuary Channel Regulation Leading Group Technology Group Foreign Estuary Governance Theory Works.Beijing:Ministry of Communications,1982:19-30.(in Chinese))
[4]陈可锋,陆培东,王乃瑞.整治工程影响下的河口拦门沙航道回淤特征及成因:以射阳港航道为例[J].水科学进展,2017,28(2):240-248.(CHEN K F,LU P D,WANG N R.Study of back silting characteristics and mechanism of the channelmouth bar under the influence of regulating project:a case study of the Sheyang Estuary[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(2):240-248.(in Chinese))
[5]VIET-THANH N,ZHENG J H,ZHANG J S.Mechanism of back siltation in navigation channel in Dinh An Estuary,Vietnam[J].Water Science and Engineering,2013,6(2):178-188.
[6]ZHAO H B,ZHANG Q H,XIE M X.Numerical modeling of hydrodynamic and sediment siltation due to Typhoon in estuary channel regulation[J].Polish Maritime Research,2015,22(s1):61-66.
[7]PONTEE N I,WHITEHEAD P A,HAYES C M.The effect of freshwater flow on siltation in the Humber Estuary,North east UK[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,60(2):241-249.
[8]刘杰,程海峰,赵德招.长江口12.5 m深水航道回淤特征[J].水科学进展,2014,25(3):358-365.(LIU J,CHENG HF,ZHAO D Z.Siltation characteristics of the 12.5 m deepwater navigation channel in Yangtze Estuaryt[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(3):358-365.(in Chinese))
[9]赵晓冬,李肖肖,罗小峰,等.长江口圆圆沙段12.5 m航道淤积原因分析[J].泥沙研究,2014(6):63-67.(ZHAO X D,LI X X,LUO X F,et al.Study on the sediment deposition in Yuanyuansha reach of 12.5 m deepwater channel in Yangtze Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2014(6):63-67.(in Chinese))
[10]赵捷,何青,虞志英,等.长江口北槽深水航道回淤泥沙来源分析[J].泥沙研究,2014(5):18-24.(ZHAO J,HE Q,YU Z Y,et al.Sediment sources of the back-siltation in the North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2014(5):18-24.(in Chinese))
[11]刘杰,王元叶,赵德招.长江口北槽悬沙来源的观测与分析[J].泥沙研究,2015(5):19-23.(LIU J,WANG Y Y,ZHAOD Z.Study on suspended sediment sources in the North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2015(5):19-23.(in Chinese))
[12]应铭,季岚,周海.长江口北槽12.5 m深水航道回淤的物理过程[J].水运工程,2017(11):77-85.(YING M,JI L,ZHOU H.Siltation physical process of the Yangtze Estuary North Passage 12.5 m Deep-draft Channel[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2017(11):77-85.(in Chinese))
[13]李文正,万远扬.长江口深水航道回淤强度与潮汐动力相关性分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2014(5):29-33.(LI W Z,WAN Y Y.Analysis of relationships between backsilting and hydrodynamics in deepwater navigation channel of the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2014(5):29-33.(in Chinese))
[14]赵德招,刘杰,吴华林.近十年来台风诱发长江口航道骤淤的初步分析[J].泥沙研究,2012(2):54-60.(ZHAO D Z,LIU J,WU H L.Preliminary analysis of typhoon induced sudden sedimentation in navigation channel in Yangtze Estuary over last decade[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2012(2):54-60.(in Chinese))
[15]贾晓,路川藤,黄华聪.影响长江口深水航道骤淤的非常态天气过程:Ⅰ:台风要素敏感性分析及典型台风路径[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(5):439-444.(JIA X,LU C T,HUANG H C.The extraordinary weather process inducing sudden siltation in deepwater navigation channel of Yangtze Estuary:I:sensitivity analysis of typhoon parameters and its typical tracks[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2017,45(5):439-444.(in Chinese))
[16]刘杰,程海峰,韩露,等.流域减沙对长江口典型河槽及邻近海域演变的影响[J].水科学进展,2017,28(2):249-256.(LIU J,CHENG H F,HAN L,et al.Influence of fluvial sediment decline on the morphdynamics of the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent seas[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(2):249-256.(in Chinese))
[17]陈志昌,乐嘉钻.长江口深水航道整治原理[J].水利水运工程学报,2005(1):1-7.(CHEN Z C,LE J Z.Regulation principle of the Yangtze River Estuary deep channel[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2005(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[18]李九发,沈焕庭,徐海根.长江河口底沙运动规律[J].海洋与湖沼,1995(2):138-145.(LI J F,SHEN H T,XU H G.The bedload momvment in the Changjiang River Estuary[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1995(2):138-145.(in Chinese))
[19]刘家驹.淤泥质、粉沙质及沙质海岸航道回淤统一计算方法[J].海洋工程,2012,30(1):1-7.(LIU J J.A unified computation method of siltation for dredged approach channel in different sediment beaches[J].The Ocean Engineering,2012,30(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[20]孔令双,顾峰峰,王巍,等.长江口深水航道大风骤淤量的统计与分析[J].水运工程,2015(5):150-152.(KONG L S,GU F F,WANG W,et al.Statistics and analysis of typhoon-induced sudden siltation for Yangtze Estuary deepwater channel[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2015(5):150-152.(in Chinese))
[21]中交上海航道设计研究院有限公司.流域来水来沙量变化对长江口航道的影响研究综合分析报告[R].上海:中交上海航道设计研究院有限公司,2012.(Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co,Ltd.A comprehensive analysis report studied on the influence of runoffs and sediments variation on the channel in Yangtze Estuary[R].Shanghai:Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co,Ltd,2012.(in Chinese))
[22]金鏐,虞志英,何青.关于长江口深水航道维护条件与流域来水来沙关系的初步分析[J].水运工程,2009(1):91-96.(JIN L,YU Z Y,HE Q.On the relationship between maintenance condition of Yangtze Estuary deepwater channel and water&sediment transport from the valley[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2009(1):91-96.(in Chinese))
[2]高原,黄胜.美国密西西比河口治理考察报告[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,1982:1-9.(GAO Y,HUANG S.A report on the management of the Mississippi estuary in the United States[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,1982:1-9.(in Chinese))
[3]唐仁楠.塞纳河口的治理[C]∥长江口航道整治领导小组科技组国外河口治理文集.北京:交通部,1982:19-30.(TANG RN.Management of Senna Estuary[C]∥Yangtze River Estuary Channel Regulation Leading Group Technology Group Foreign Estuary Governance Theory Works.Beijing:Ministry of Communications,1982:19-30.(in Chinese))
[4]陈可锋,陆培东,王乃瑞.整治工程影响下的河口拦门沙航道回淤特征及成因:以射阳港航道为例[J].水科学进展,2017,28(2):240-248.(CHEN K F,LU P D,WANG N R.Study of back silting characteristics and mechanism of the channelmouth bar under the influence of regulating project:a case study of the Sheyang Estuary[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(2):240-248.(in Chinese))
[5]VIET-THANH N,ZHENG J H,ZHANG J S.Mechanism of back siltation in navigation channel in Dinh An Estuary,Vietnam[J].Water Science and Engineering,2013,6(2):178-188.
[6]ZHAO H B,ZHANG Q H,XIE M X.Numerical modeling of hydrodynamic and sediment siltation due to Typhoon in estuary channel regulation[J].Polish Maritime Research,2015,22(s1):61-66.
[7]PONTEE N I,WHITEHEAD P A,HAYES C M.The effect of freshwater flow on siltation in the Humber Estuary,North east UK[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,60(2):241-249.
[8]刘杰,程海峰,赵德招.长江口12.5 m深水航道回淤特征[J].水科学进展,2014,25(3):358-365.(LIU J,CHENG HF,ZHAO D Z.Siltation characteristics of the 12.5 m deepwater navigation channel in Yangtze Estuaryt[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(3):358-365.(in Chinese))
[9]赵晓冬,李肖肖,罗小峰,等.长江口圆圆沙段12.5 m航道淤积原因分析[J].泥沙研究,2014(6):63-67.(ZHAO X D,LI X X,LUO X F,et al.Study on the sediment deposition in Yuanyuansha reach of 12.5 m deepwater channel in Yangtze Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2014(6):63-67.(in Chinese))
[10]赵捷,何青,虞志英,等.长江口北槽深水航道回淤泥沙来源分析[J].泥沙研究,2014(5):18-24.(ZHAO J,HE Q,YU Z Y,et al.Sediment sources of the back-siltation in the North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2014(5):18-24.(in Chinese))
[11]刘杰,王元叶,赵德招.长江口北槽悬沙来源的观测与分析[J].泥沙研究,2015(5):19-23.(LIU J,WANG Y Y,ZHAOD Z.Study on suspended sediment sources in the North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2015(5):19-23.(in Chinese))
[12]应铭,季岚,周海.长江口北槽12.5 m深水航道回淤的物理过程[J].水运工程,2017(11):77-85.(YING M,JI L,ZHOU H.Siltation physical process of the Yangtze Estuary North Passage 12.5 m Deep-draft Channel[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2017(11):77-85.(in Chinese))
[13]李文正,万远扬.长江口深水航道回淤强度与潮汐动力相关性分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2014(5):29-33.(LI W Z,WAN Y Y.Analysis of relationships between backsilting and hydrodynamics in deepwater navigation channel of the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2014(5):29-33.(in Chinese))
[14]赵德招,刘杰,吴华林.近十年来台风诱发长江口航道骤淤的初步分析[J].泥沙研究,2012(2):54-60.(ZHAO D Z,LIU J,WU H L.Preliminary analysis of typhoon induced sudden sedimentation in navigation channel in Yangtze Estuary over last decade[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2012(2):54-60.(in Chinese))
[15]贾晓,路川藤,黄华聪.影响长江口深水航道骤淤的非常态天气过程:Ⅰ:台风要素敏感性分析及典型台风路径[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(5):439-444.(JIA X,LU C T,HUANG H C.The extraordinary weather process inducing sudden siltation in deepwater navigation channel of Yangtze Estuary:I:sensitivity analysis of typhoon parameters and its typical tracks[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2017,45(5):439-444.(in Chinese))
[16]刘杰,程海峰,韩露,等.流域减沙对长江口典型河槽及邻近海域演变的影响[J].水科学进展,2017,28(2):249-256.(LIU J,CHENG H F,HAN L,et al.Influence of fluvial sediment decline on the morphdynamics of the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent seas[J].Advances in Water Science,2017,28(2):249-256.(in Chinese))
[17]陈志昌,乐嘉钻.长江口深水航道整治原理[J].水利水运工程学报,2005(1):1-7.(CHEN Z C,LE J Z.Regulation principle of the Yangtze River Estuary deep channel[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2005(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[18]李九发,沈焕庭,徐海根.长江河口底沙运动规律[J].海洋与湖沼,1995(2):138-145.(LI J F,SHEN H T,XU H G.The bedload momvment in the Changjiang River Estuary[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1995(2):138-145.(in Chinese))
[19]刘家驹.淤泥质、粉沙质及沙质海岸航道回淤统一计算方法[J].海洋工程,2012,30(1):1-7.(LIU J J.A unified computation method of siltation for dredged approach channel in different sediment beaches[J].The Ocean Engineering,2012,30(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[20]孔令双,顾峰峰,王巍,等.长江口深水航道大风骤淤量的统计与分析[J].水运工程,2015(5):150-152.(KONG L S,GU F F,WANG W,et al.Statistics and analysis of typhoon-induced sudden siltation for Yangtze Estuary deepwater channel[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2015(5):150-152.(in Chinese))
[21]中交上海航道设计研究院有限公司.流域来水来沙量变化对长江口航道的影响研究综合分析报告[R].上海:中交上海航道设计研究院有限公司,2012.(Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co,Ltd.A comprehensive analysis report studied on the influence of runoffs and sediments variation on the channel in Yangtze Estuary[R].Shanghai:Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co,Ltd,2012.(in Chinese))
[22]金鏐,虞志英,何青.关于长江口深水航道维护条件与流域来水来沙关系的初步分析[J].水运工程,2009(1):91-96.(JIN L,YU Z Y,HE Q.On the relationship between maintenance condition of Yangtze Estuary deepwater channel and water&sediment transport from the valley[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2009(1):91-96.(in Chinese))